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# U& U4 ?. {9 f3 ~9 Ohttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688( Q0 M9 d' R$ z. T/ C1 Q: ]
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China; ^' ?6 M V- h7 R( o6 [
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of/ W2 B8 T. i' j6 w0 }* i5 l2 q
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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0 A, h! A/ {+ q7 ]0 O1 r RLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of" f. o Q* x7 S z9 U
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.$ M+ Y- F' Q+ s; B) l
+ G- z% D7 Q* v# {( }( `- e. e
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .& r% j7 p( { \8 p; d
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
. O" q. W% \4 m- X% X3 bPublished online 26 January 2018, w# b2 L# r8 D6 R) X
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Abstract# @# F4 h- M o7 {: v( G
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
- I; C$ X! h! i0 E% z/ j/ e/ FDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
! ~) m" X/ @) R) e9 E; VTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been* H; U4 ]# t3 d5 q! _0 t# [6 n
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not( a" b; j) f* y3 H% B& W, b
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific" e7 ?; G. c% A7 E9 U# d
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
# N9 I. G; f' ~" Tto the standardization of the scientific terminology
+ A4 X T1 H/ }translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s; @# m, ?/ ?4 d3 _1 L, R% n3 k8 R
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
$ l) y. w: d; l( a0 b+ v& Jand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
2 x" C5 m5 F" K! v+ r) qstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
& z7 @* `. k4 A* u( Y! y' v% Min Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
, r, c) p, |) e3 v* x0 N8 h" |he established had helped greatly with the popularization
$ n8 H' F5 t; ~% }7 Q0 U: i: n7 f2 R pof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
2 }+ ^1 A2 A9 othe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
3 Z& B$ h" q; J1 mfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and4 k1 `2 R# b8 h! Z y- v
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a& n7 C/ T$ Y) f6 Q
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
& z. n* i9 v. A3 u! I/ X( Jterminology.
% X, g, C. U5 k F& o( JKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;! h* T/ q' O1 H, {6 [
Standardization of terminology translation
9 ~- x, b( N* j* xYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to" E2 i$ ~ l Q; J* V
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
. J' Z! e# Y: u! y. y4 PChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
! I+ l1 ~; `/ ^( [1 W, Ifrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
* W5 b3 \& W% T; t$ u. k1 {DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213. w0 T, R1 Z* R* M' T
+ r& B5 r2 A P2 _% a( e
s9 d3 |/ A! b( V+ FINTRODUCTION5 Y7 q/ a# ~! ~8 F Y: n
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and* g5 A# E2 I6 \
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
0 M6 z% W3 V3 R1 H1 m8 a% yDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
( x, M5 @% h; A1 x& `Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of% |1 L7 K0 c5 N$ X4 s0 p1 O
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
4 M6 ^# v5 v5 n7 Lby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as: L* X3 Q1 Z& H! b$ e2 t4 ]2 Y, z
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on( H8 P; O" ?, g, L3 a
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-. h# |/ n7 b0 D c3 \, l3 E
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
$ G# v9 b" M _' X7 ^8 jworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,- S9 R9 i: j0 S E8 V* m6 L9 K
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.& O+ K! H, U7 y" \7 V7 c+ R5 _
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
0 k. Z: ?* Q! t9 R Z: Y" vto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant+ z+ V/ A x# C
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,' U% W3 L8 r% Z% c/ Z9 B$ E/ A
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,. E1 ~* I$ r) N L
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western- S t: p9 I- |
books that made him the most productive one among the. B3 \/ b1 w7 E2 h2 d( R
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
% {9 P" n! \8 g2 a6 N& C* |: htranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a! R p* t# G. r6 o* V
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
% ?: X# M; ~! ~$ X$ c. v4 b4 L) |3 B7 Kpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
2 y; f# ^' [: ^; C5 [In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer" {+ S$ G& w. s$ y1 x
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western" a& |" F7 {9 x7 U2 e9 n3 E/ J
science and the standardization of translated scientific. F2 C' F7 ~* O# r0 x
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
J# K0 x: U3 Z0 P( Umagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
: |6 f" R! J, x8 _( f+ x# qestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another) i- T0 i3 B; G( f: b! b$ S: P
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series& ~5 C8 w- @- t2 m( a* J
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in) v- e R& i& S5 _
Modern China.# N6 E6 G6 v# e! n& {7 N8 t
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published6 W# W7 K7 i% @+ v6 ~8 n0 k
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
3 D1 U5 |, f/ r0 i6 C; w3 b% Btravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
* J4 _, |- i2 s" t" t& R% k" Da lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
x) \$ E0 t# i% u3 u( iJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
1 p7 r7 O+ r* V0 q" O- MTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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