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' t$ {: V. A3 L/ ?9 \' X9 d. ^http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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* }, P, V' U% u- ?- F: I- t" BJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China. K8 {; z: C* h7 ]5 v+ ~
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of" I7 w3 Z& r* t, @7 g
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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4 I: E I4 W' u) P0 hLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
( S1 [5 Z8 d( CFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China." ^5 f! R0 N. t% |
& E, Q% N" d9 X1 A; P/ r) P/ WSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
. M, [* G) n' QReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018 `! n2 ]- U; R" h0 B
Published online 26 January 20182 a& b+ w, M6 t0 g- m3 \1 N
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- I" i/ E, E' M% {. {9 ^# CAbstract
! \1 r& w$ e6 f# n5 I- T5 {( ]John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
3 g4 C0 S) |- Z; d2 TDynasty who came to China and was employed by The) h) B4 s* Z' m8 O1 [6 S
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
$ m) g" D- |4 u7 ~7 d7 _! `engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
* [$ U5 n& O m: [- X" Ionly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
8 e# f( x Q! f$ cworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly: P2 p0 T7 ~0 h3 C, ` p" S4 v+ n
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
- A; @% j' N+ |6 }5 B1 Z5 W0 itranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
$ y9 R, }3 K: w# I; Hscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
; @% k' Z" l. k6 Wand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the* A$ B8 I6 N7 e4 k0 E; A' ^& K/ \. @
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
/ I- _9 V) [9 P4 yin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
9 a! _2 p0 C- {& |4 X8 Mhe established had helped greatly with the popularization- R ^( f' E4 K# }8 d
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring# N5 C1 F6 P& `# I! z$ ]! c
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
% j! k+ }$ S* h: `7 Ofor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and7 s1 _6 k+ _% {3 w0 L
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
: {$ K. H; U U: f! S2 Jgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
7 E1 ^* C: G. n( o [' aterminology.0 H' w# `- _: w5 G$ @
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
: l" d6 u: ?9 b/ K2 f" ]1 U5 E: f: uStandardization of terminology translation- Q& o. Q3 E6 y4 W, `8 a0 }
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
: U& C4 I( K( X0 r% ?Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern* }3 _ l( v5 i! N' @- j
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
2 \1 s0 W3 I( Y Dfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213; q l, q, J- d% S
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102131 R% i/ `' Q7 d" }
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INTRODUCTION0 z+ V4 p% |9 m8 l( \
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
, D# {, k1 r0 b' I xa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).. P$ E' B# h5 [; T! F
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to$ B" p1 m7 U* P; i8 z+ b
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of+ f8 W: H: K5 O4 g2 y2 ~. T
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed9 x$ j' g; ^ s9 f4 {) P
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as8 L- E# b1 A% e/ N
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
0 X; [2 v5 i3 @9 ihis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
^2 [3 [3 m$ m3 x1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific, u% a& M; ^% I
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,2 v1 N6 R: ^0 r4 B/ s
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
; a' J( a8 `% E$ ?2 U1 j8 f5 bNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
7 C7 C0 G; G7 `; m6 o1 y9 zto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
; H1 G+ }( l0 r# O% Q) ?would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
/ n$ D: Q U# d0 ~! Jrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,/ e9 s! _3 Y% i. l- k( {8 }9 Q
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western- w0 \# F: R+ i7 D) y
books that made him the most productive one among the
9 f2 x8 h5 Y4 C9 Pforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,# m" P# I6 t3 s
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
7 @& ?" Q+ W# n, p5 T. ~noble work which could help accelerate the process of! f- K y( V! B) J' ~! u
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
) ^% H( D9 C# V5 y8 t+ E% e& mIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer) r1 {3 c( k5 {( T4 q$ ^
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
8 R2 \7 w* M# g3 t) [4 A4 qscience and the standardization of translated scientific0 T& S8 l) u; Y
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific+ C! [" D& p, |5 {0 y% `
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
8 c9 |7 j+ J0 D# I1 X/ M0 C; `establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another: N4 \2 p; }1 s, d6 j6 ^
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series5 }4 A+ J' p3 ^ C T9 D
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
- D8 I$ g* M# _" g) @. L; @Modern China.
- o2 {* s- t y9 h2 e: H# eAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published4 ?! v) o1 { F2 g o) Y/ ^
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of2 \% |4 z; B, {, v% t
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing5 L7 c8 I5 H; f$ r
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
" d9 f6 g! S YJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
6 M( K+ ~7 [! U: ^# p5 F; xTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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