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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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! X2 j& S& l, l \4 yJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
9 G+ S; T) m2 T% M/ CYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
3 s- F% V) u2 F" ]Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
7 E$ v1 D+ r/ [) }
, o0 j K t2 I8 ~5 i1 J7 FLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
1 \) D; X3 K: B5 eFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
# y: X4 H7 G' R8 M4 Y2 e- ]6 o
/ g- I6 ?7 s1 l, TSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .* t1 ^% d) G; H3 h4 r+ |/ @, Q
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
2 e; }% E# L5 B% g2 r( r5 vPublished online 26 January 2018% }& q% E6 U$ I) Q
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Abstract
8 p5 O# v: _$ N4 VJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
& d* ~* z5 a* Y. \6 NDynasty who came to China and was employed by The. B$ I( A' u, `5 \7 w, D9 f
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been8 `0 p. a8 M P' I- A+ U
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
/ R, z: j% S# }" D% [0 y6 m9 }only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
2 l& t3 C0 d0 lworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
$ } N1 m7 \+ X* p Gto the standardization of the scientific terminology& ?+ \5 l+ M4 D6 W9 l( B( @( N
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s$ ~; h5 h6 @$ ?4 b' G
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,9 w% W. x) P+ g% }. |* o' O0 q
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the* q% R4 i' P: _9 c+ H: Y
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
- ~) k& M8 Z+ v8 x$ S( `3 U/ q7 Yin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
# E( j0 x# t( whe established had helped greatly with the popularization
4 k( a. m D" W4 Yof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
) u( i/ ]& Z" C$ U) Z5 `the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way1 a5 E1 A: _; X2 P. {- K5 D
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and9 s& y7 ` W6 a* {
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a( U. i9 j+ x7 e; j7 |
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific( E" B5 b2 P3 T! N, Y
terminology.
$ b2 ^- ^ E0 Z6 l Z5 [Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
1 s6 e' a5 @2 x- YStandardization of terminology translation+ N. z8 k- \9 |" `3 b- `5 m
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
- p6 b% Z& _& L% _1 }Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
! ~ O! K0 n# ~: M9 r7 @7 kChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
}5 G( V) g' ~from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102134 W A$ X0 ?/ P7 s
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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* d l; F1 ^7 z7 l' dINTRODUCTION
) t& Y, Z: |) ]5 D/ QJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
/ }7 l7 {/ u* g' `/ o" Z- ja great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).& m. S+ {: Y* b m
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to8 |% E, [* M" o3 O7 b$ b) P
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of8 l v8 P3 B1 a3 R- B. i! }% m
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed8 d, [2 s" t: H+ m3 s5 @8 k1 x
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
+ I6 |0 n% }, T% P% I( M- [an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on5 o* }+ J; U. z. d' P
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
! v- I* U5 l- \* s/ ]' w6 x2 c: _1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
' J& d) V! W ]/ r; m& Jworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
% y F5 n* s9 eFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.* p+ S% Z c6 a' b' a1 |- B% S
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
0 K9 d/ s- J& m& Tto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant: F0 R7 K2 c7 q
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,. s6 K* k; c3 ~1 q/ l$ F6 G! G2 i
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
9 F% S( t. m" J; @% gFryer translated more than one hundred of Western7 a4 @: J2 j+ O. Y0 l4 U+ I
books that made him the most productive one among the
: w" b0 X+ A3 aforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
- s' ~* A5 a* i" R# o2 ttranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a9 o# }1 _+ n5 S( W
noble work which could help accelerate the process of x0 N3 t: ]1 x9 [" d
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
6 p8 t* [+ \; ~In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
* L, }% ]% n1 i3 Yalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
2 H* S8 F) q5 g6 I9 a1 ~- n% dscience and the standardization of translated scientific. l) E0 f/ X+ A' U, q
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific. w( D7 a6 D' J# k" `+ n
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
3 Y# U k, q9 Mestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
' I; y6 G5 z, bcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
# X& e" \& B& Nof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
3 ?2 Y" \( u) \- S sModern China. n3 J& {5 O0 U7 o" x4 B
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
/ J' c8 f N2 T- r6 Y2 U EThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of8 o2 g3 C+ L- w" X! [
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
( k9 x3 Y I/ W& wa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In1 m k" r8 w7 x$ x0 @! h
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
/ l9 w# q0 \. I7 ]Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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