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How to figure a home's fundamental value
" @1 X+ F% e( kLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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4 D9 k3 C1 U# M) Z5 A2 GNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.5 B v+ p7 [! O2 x6 t
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.6 k" ]& F0 P7 x6 N8 O9 F. R
. R4 {# Y. H# j$ I6 a& G& STo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988." p" m. i. @" T+ ~0 @- C( l
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.6 A/ v# N+ B. B/ ^
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
' N9 {: E' `/ L* }New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
1 D5 l+ \. o5 [+ p/ kYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ( u6 s+ X, }# ? F) d- ]
+ K6 F/ e* m/ @" v6 UIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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M; a' Z# a# RIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable./ m* Q+ ^% D4 A( m u9 l
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 9 x1 D9 F; P5 K& R! X
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 / W5 N( d2 i) q. q% f
Boston 20.5 30.2 * B" k# v" `5 N! \- J8 R$ S0 i
San Diego 22.8 29.7 & T! u! p) _9 ~9 I
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 ; z! R$ |0 L) ^0 h+ D
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 $ m: O) f# ^& p, g$ h# x4 E
Seattle 20.4 25 / W: j# a% W2 K5 v! j
Denver 17.7 23.7 * A- {3 R+ [( a+ p9 U* `1 j
New York 21.2 22.5
2 V1 o. b5 l! R I) \Chicago 17.2 20.8 " Q" M) _2 j5 W. c) n" t
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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8 j9 Q4 M/ E0 J: dFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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