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How to figure a home's fundamental value
! S o3 |! F; Q7 {Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.; ^3 B" [5 W$ E; L( S& \ P3 J
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.3 V. X. i* g( _0 ]2 x t) J
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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( M$ P; O( `- T* Y4 ATo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:( A( H% q+ B! r9 Y6 e
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.! E, b) @. B2 T$ u
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.. ^7 F% F) _: h
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988./ I2 P9 j; a2 Z" T% ^, T; {" J( ]
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. # p6 ?6 l" D. E9 Z* J5 {& p, R3 ~
: s0 C" N7 @2 i0 n; JIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.# {% ~& L: b8 L+ c/ J- i6 E/ p
6 `& j2 L) D! P8 y, I: z: s Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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2 P/ r+ M6 x7 ]4 z4 A$ oBoston 20.5 30.2 ( E5 V* V7 L/ g& K& `2 |
San Diego 22.8 29.7
4 q$ A% x G8 N2 a! B$ O' V1 g6 C& PSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 : C, O6 u' f* C5 c
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 7 q8 x, J& v+ n9 A* b) _9 r7 a+ p
Seattle 20.4 25
- c7 W' w$ `1 A& y, `" DDenver 17.7 23.7 2 O1 N* q/ H* O' c/ W0 }) _4 E0 E
New York 21.2 22.5
- K% {4 I- |/ l- h, M! tChicago 17.2 20.8
* w2 Y1 X: _) u- L# Y! [$ o# PWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 2 m5 a1 n4 w, u- E4 ~1 T' e
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.; G* w) s, D% O4 P7 y9 J
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2 c$ B6 A8 v% r, Z8 D/ W' r4 W, ~From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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