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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
- ?9 R, E7 U5 T3 E- X# w之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
, K) o5 ~. v0 f3 _9 `+ B若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:# V: l6 x( c" T0 {
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。" g' ?- N+ T( v5 q
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。); f2 y0 c5 d6 t1 f) G! j
例如:2 [7 A7 d+ U4 m
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
0 ^$ R0 N7 f6 ~, }( w/ U, k(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
; Y' i" E E" X1 m5 ] eMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.& c# K% P7 M- x; A! Z3 K. K0 f
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
" R, Q* X0 R9 |3 X: [3 W虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:) O% F3 E- {- U( F4 Z& X
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
M; _% p5 [. ~0 s& |(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
7 K0 k! ~1 m- m6 s( _' W(2) fair-haired boy:2 U2 s0 j( N; `% V: Q3 X0 ^* ^" K
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
' n! ~4 @% L9 K3 [(通常用单数,当名词用)
% m# ]3 a$ g7 T8 U例如:1 m# ~+ \6 S( A
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent. [8 K# C( E* H$ A5 k
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)4 g7 M5 T( _) F( z' ], J
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
7 o7 Y/ ?5 R [(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)3 ?5 A, x( y1 D: F7 |% A
有时也可用复数:
9 P" k6 Z- H$ ^* PMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
$ D- m. I$ A E+ E' Q/ }- [(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
+ E+ h# v+ J4 m% B" N5 @0 ?. n! TFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
. n2 J% g; r! G3 l5 g5 @2 A& ?(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。) p& J( | H' A
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)/ O+ I- P" `: M
(3) fishing expedition:4 ?: i0 P$ @. y# r- S! `
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)- _3 }3 n! q+ z& K
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)! F, Y2 @# ~% M
例如:
) D- Q# _: a8 F; \, {; VThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
) Z4 u4 @6 J$ Q0 }! n(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)# G$ W! Y* @0 w; a
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
2 u* l8 a0 H, b+ q& s(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)+ w; |1 d6 E5 P
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)* l, B% \: _3 p: O
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
2 V+ A) q: d2 Y' W% z' ^(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
7 I N- \6 V% [: s& o: O: P偶尔也有人用复数:3 i# Q/ ^- N) a5 i7 [
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.8 z |% v( M) v8 }4 P) p- F* E' V2 y
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。), O6 M% B$ b0 K/ ~4 `. x
(4) filthy rich:. [8 J i$ J7 i& t3 D {; I3 I
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
5 r0 a2 _1 l7 T& m(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
! N! u2 T J5 `8 e6 J" l0 z: Y多半当形容词用。例如:
# d- V% i# x5 g7 r7 o4 i( P1 ^With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.4 Z2 |( y: \% P7 H) @- A. m
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)2 e" c$ L$ X7 R4 A6 N% D3 q
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
( u8 M5 ^5 _1 U. w( t) C(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)/ v& B7 [$ e8 v
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
6 L* q; ?7 K) w8 [! t(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)1 q4 y+ C# M9 h% ]7 l* T5 @/ D
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.( p! r3 P8 J) u D4 _5 l
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)% w% L) R) _' C8 F4 I+ P# K [0 \+ h
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
. M+ ]) }( b0 G1 a! v! b. s(5) fairy godmother:
4 J0 G/ L% U! I$ d, K0 `* B X9 G1 Y指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)2 c) C* Y( K M; n3 w4 B
(多半指有钱的女人)% I' ] v" J8 }9 L/ ]7 [8 |& C& h% A
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
1 @% [4 J W5 r# T/ i9 I% EMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
0 |: V; ?4 R, G. _ J x(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
4 _7 ^4 d7 G( Q3 x5 C* DAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
9 U% B, f% p. m. c8 J' m(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)& }% Y( l: A. ?) g- r1 V8 p
有时也用复数:
+ M2 g6 t+ F7 H: r' b# NOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.
4 I! U) v) `% U( v4 b6 t( e(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)4 a" [7 d A; q
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
: Y, M1 v( Q5 e( j(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)( k' b. t7 |) R$ B4 B L
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6)eye opener:: w4 T- A3 v, |) t: ~# L$ K2 ?4 y
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
" A* w& X0 V [4 x; N8 K3 |* d/ R t(当名词用;通常只用单数)* q" N$ ]( H- D6 V6 p
例如:; C2 ~) p5 \2 c
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
* r& b1 }8 X* E(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
( J# G4 F4 O6 v+ `2 N4 X9 WMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
; z6 ]! d8 `; S" Y4 z/ J(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
# `4 W+ I/ F9 j* u3 ]8 F5 c, [The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
* K: i" t$ z% O& t( R(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。); n- l7 c0 q- z0 w! z6 @
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
9 r+ |3 W2 D- V7 `1 ~9 D: _/ `, s' S(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。). u4 T, p: ?$ L! g6 C" F( Y# w0 m8 _
(7) hot dog:
2 Y" e8 w1 t$ L$ U6 r指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
4 K2 v6 _3 t( O P+ f例如:9 L7 F7 E, i% h. r* Z! b
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.5 F3 |& v/ ~8 j0 ^/ n8 y
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
[! y: }! J7 o+ l(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)4 O9 ^2 [: \4 ^" F' ?
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.9 L# p0 L! t4 o6 n
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。): C, ~$ F, R0 A
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
! d: u- O9 K1 T" M; x5 n% zDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
9 V5 Y4 e5 `: g- q1 L3 [! Y/ r8 p(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
" {0 r9 D2 r: e4 W也指真正的热狗食物:0 ?6 }6 t, \: L. _* r- G
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
3 p& `! c# ~: x6 U(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
/ |6 E+ ^8 e$ w/ F1 _% W9 t也可表达欣赏的心情:
$ ^& \3 p! b1 H" u% zHot dog ! What great news for me.2 B& H7 t1 r3 N V) I* B9 w6 J
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)2 J8 u: m% E4 e7 g7 v6 M
(8)eager beaver:
& }, q u7 }0 ^8 `# k1 |# E/ w" k指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)2 K; m( b+ P7 D9 N, @- a
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
+ }2 t6 a/ Y; V; H% P(当名词用,可指男女). ^# A: b3 [0 y9 e9 J+ r5 x& }; Z
例如:2 G$ t, Q$ F, z, ?1 D, t
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.3 i3 K( W# p/ u; D8 e
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
' l4 T* i/ g: |! d, N$ D/ hBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.4 t: Y0 Q" C: F' y7 L+ u7 C6 M' T
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)- s$ C; p* R+ d3 g v, E
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?8 ?& { F' w ]' l# P' y
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
|$ b5 l) f4 ?' |9 X- r1 FYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.9 X3 ?2 }. |5 D# F/ j
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
1 M) F5 e6 S! ^4 B3 ?5 P* \8 @(9)doubting Thomas:
1 ?5 j1 u$ R" }' Z这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others). M- ^& M& ~# c$ Y1 F, R1 j' m; Z& Z) O
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)# e) l( j H6 ~1 M0 L2 s& `9 v: |
(当名词用)+ Y8 {. ~% G& ]( i
例如:* |$ ^/ o4 g$ n& H
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.
2 \* ]6 v8 G! g- h/ }; X(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
0 q9 q; F4 l1 j; o9 hThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.6 Q r+ j5 |4 q
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
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; c( I5 [$ T: O3 r. k5 NMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
8 {# p+ [8 C9 a, ~0 z2 D(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)! Q: W2 r& E/ O* Z0 q: r3 f X1 N/ f
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.* T# }1 q5 \6 ]2 w: |7 i
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)7 d* S- h/ u/ H z
(10)dragon lady:! D( s4 \* ^$ L" E& I
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)" y% `0 I+ c3 \- I9 ~4 I
例如:
1 W; P9 s0 E! j: p9 F* cThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
4 q1 N" I. F# o* M4 D% N1 Q& H& T(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
7 F" u9 F; W; _2 gI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
% [& ?0 Z m! C% }(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)3 V; @& k% `& X6 ^
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her? O1 @$ O& Q2 ?# V/ K& p, u
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
/ o% Q- J7 @* S也可用复数:8 J# t4 X: G9 x& N4 e8 N' M0 V0 m
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.0 |9 y" e3 F2 }4 R* A0 |
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)5 {! Z! W; ^+ J" y& v7 T9 `
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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