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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
1 q; w& f# k' h8 D, d之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。( k) Q3 L7 S9 N* L: N& \
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:0 L3 x* ^. s$ p! g5 L6 m
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。* u, ~! W/ l1 k& r7 A- {
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)9 i9 D, Z+ D' z# L( N% R. H% J7 A4 w
例如:$ _$ s! c5 q% p! X- a+ w6 a- `
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.* G/ o" b5 @' l" x7 V
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
* Q I4 {* l5 I6 dMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
3 E) \7 |* t: k: M1 u(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
0 F& _1 a8 V6 i7 g0 W5 I1 S9 T虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
; B0 X; J, o. f( p; |& h$ e! ^The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
0 A: P# H& g' d(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
+ N q3 ?% Z5 K+ ], c(2) fair-haired boy:
5 ^3 H+ M2 Q7 s+ v; ^ v指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
! f/ E; l. V% K5 `- Q3 `(通常用单数,当名词用)
, h/ d& X/ u5 }2 h6 q1 p# g8 t例如:
5 h4 B( p* i3 m0 \Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
/ a7 _0 V: [; [8 Y- G/ k ~5 n( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)$ z3 [/ O3 E2 u+ W! |: W8 _3 t& n
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.( N* R8 h( v$ t' ^7 L
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
- Q4 |2 }9 I+ P8 I- @/ Z有时也可用复数:+ {9 {/ `7 p- S* T2 d4 R/ d
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.5 Y( I/ z6 Z2 h: R2 t2 K/ f
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
0 }3 ^( V8 ~' J- ~; t( r7 xFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.7 M3 Y2 {$ U- S1 j& q" L* q
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
' n0 l% N. l3 `( x( \(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
( u' v0 N5 E& m(3) fishing expedition:# m2 p j t, j6 S- T! ]. F( m8 n
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)& K# U1 k) U& p ~- F* r0 X% C
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)5 V" q! ~' D3 b7 Z+ N
例如:
0 H4 O7 _ J- G3 P4 b) W bThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.; [- C5 C4 I% ?5 |1 X
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)
6 k% c1 l8 X8 Z3 R4 JThe police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
$ H$ @0 \( t0 |1 C: S(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。); Y! p9 Y! @7 A2 ]- `
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict) t' r( L1 s- \6 F( z! V0 V2 S0 F \( u
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
6 v& x" c* x: N% a/ S; p(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
|8 f% p& ]& e8 e& j+ O. u; }偶尔也有人用复数:8 [- J+ D6 x8 [; I% V4 e
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.# A* Z% f# P1 ?. u: F
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
$ O3 |, z; X3 y1 f; w- G1 g7 \(4) filthy rich:- N% C) _4 P2 H: P& R
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
/ a1 G' P: @5 A* L5 @(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
& I4 e: h* g0 W7 F- Z, w多半当形容词用。例如:
5 r( O6 [0 A8 U: L8 ~With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.& j( W; i" W; \# R2 e* u4 t
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)8 i! g7 K* l4 g
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
; Q4 i5 C/ y& r/ L(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)$ D/ X& v. Y- D8 \# Y
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
# o2 u7 H p4 ?$ `9 z(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
' C' A* u. A ?Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters." [- v. M+ [1 v% h7 r2 \
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。); z3 p$ ~% M- l- H+ o/ C5 F- L
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
& D6 U% C( E, F1 V0 p& u(5) fairy godmother: q6 N% e) L6 t2 ?) a! x1 o. D, ^
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)2 _ ?8 k2 j1 o3 e* G+ U/ y
(多半指有钱的女人)
& z E$ e9 X. V4 L0 v( }(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
t1 x9 c1 Z3 n) P- @/ ^7 }" ?Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
- n: w6 M& D. U- l' I8 J6 r(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。) y6 K& x% W9 @4 R" L( q
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.% q; i3 D9 H5 L- _; K5 \
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
2 M: C/ a. I' Q9 Y/ D3 f有时也用复数:
" k6 L: `" |! j. D$ l: OOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.6 O4 V1 v2 ^* [; g
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)6 _! [, }( {. k" F
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
5 |" Y# r4 I0 b% F1 b* `(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)* y0 w. g z& ^& v& \: J/ S( \; [
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6)eye opener:
- D) ~5 r! x8 m! ?6 l% q" q1 w0 I指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
9 v& P$ u0 P1 ^$ ]" H6 r7 M" {(当名词用;通常只用单数)% b |5 j' X2 ? w4 s
例如:
4 K, `& {2 t3 k2 Q2 F5 pYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.' R* z2 l3 D* X2 O! S
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
/ f" S3 h; j4 x' J O8 v/ R$ D$ M& C3 bMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener., m+ a0 ~ D0 N8 R% ~$ q
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。); u% l8 i: v h
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
+ x. B8 v) f& H2 Q9 O/ U(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
& ^$ s4 O" Q3 b$ B) N/ G$ bSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
8 Q l# e4 s( O& v$ W: y' h5 u(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
6 g0 }' T `: v: k- F' U(7) hot dog:( Z8 n0 X' Y- l' B# T
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)$ g% }. h7 }) N" K. Q4 \5 G
例如:' I3 j) k4 I4 [ l+ t8 z1 F J
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
2 g2 Q3 J8 @5 U* s1 J! Y K! j(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
2 u. O! A9 n9 T9 F1 P(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
$ r8 ?" B; |# W z! r, cIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.+ M4 o Q2 d2 n# x5 l
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)4 U! g" m) @( }% A3 H( I( f% R9 }
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)6 X5 j$ u" ~$ r9 U* F
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.5 d8 ]4 P$ L/ B8 O2 ^
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
1 C: \- W* o# Y' N4 D1 c也指真正的热狗食物:
1 Z/ s) n" v; ^7 z: ]5 UThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
8 m' d* a2 c4 f! H* }3 N(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
0 m* B# Q( z! M6 ?: L也可表达欣赏的心情:
v: m/ Q/ d0 S) v0 w( [Hot dog ! What great news for me.& C3 q3 }* M- m* x% r
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
* L. O: E: Q% [% E(8)eager beaver:
9 [, z0 } N* m9 q; O, s指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
; r' N0 |; A H& ^6 m% E1 b A: x1 R(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
4 F7 J9 `1 H J: j% n/ x& q+ `(当名词用,可指男女)
4 d6 z5 h; b7 D5 a- C) h例如:
$ P9 v9 K3 {) S- e* E9 qJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
7 _! U, b+ U; D(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
- i g9 B+ I/ i+ i9 D; rBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.# t4 z7 ]7 I: \, l8 D+ A
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。): o0 t/ Y# i$ h3 x" d6 ?( [! C
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?/ O: o1 {& ?+ V" g
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
7 o" R! u* M7 N5 qYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
" P1 G Z8 ]% p5 V/ u& u) F2 v(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)/ m' {4 J* G) g! V; y4 Z
(9)doubting Thomas:
* j' _! j( K: M! P8 X* I( ^这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)
' Y$ v% U, O2 @3 N(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)# Z. s/ e1 R9 W) D
(当名词用)
/ g: U' E7 j# [0 s1 n) D: P& }% @& c例如:; n' ~: s( I' I
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.
; B5 }. V0 y4 y! N(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。); O/ ?0 R% o7 T- S
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.! l4 }7 _" X6 Y3 r u
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
. x, g# b) R; M9 N- ?也可用复数:
3 |3 P# V4 u; U& Q$ t; A; e4 XMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
$ \, b$ @9 @( e) q. U0 }(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
/ `1 M- K7 {( H4 DIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
8 D% [* X2 e, H5 O/ s(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)0 {% T5 ^' |* _
(10)dragon lady:: z y8 j* {0 w. v" _( O! }5 F* S
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)0 K+ f9 P6 f6 E; M" b: `- m# r* Y9 e
例如:: |3 g: n) j. N2 \2 ?6 g# l
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
" _4 ]# [. [5 d9 Q1 w: O(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
5 n! A2 f5 Z8 T! q, E: OI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.% h' u/ F$ D+ t$ p( h
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
8 P" q7 i/ k3 E: p' QShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?+ p, f/ Q) P9 D6 ?$ G! p# i9 z
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
. W8 }) L* V+ E& o" A7 B也可用复数:" Q. J* L+ G' q# }( g. z
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.
! e4 E; V7 w! c* d" P( s(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)# T( g5 R Z; w
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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