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谈英语俚语
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1 r6 M1 R3 t7 j% {: ]6 F/ K' ]在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯) A- U+ P& v( L9 Y' p3 j
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。' @( A) z: ?/ T7 f1 u2 e# X
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:
( C/ B& E; q) {3 t指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。( F; U5 ^5 q0 K) d# `
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)% {& x& c% H2 o3 L
例如:
: q# c5 ?7 s9 H4 gAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
5 q' _- d% F0 `! B4 }1 k(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
8 x5 d9 y, ?( M0 [; m" \' o- iMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
7 T' z- d% H3 i+ }(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
$ g, n! C/ Q0 |- a虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
$ H3 ^+ K w7 {5 x8 r ^7 {& zThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
; ~- A; K7 t g6 T. ]/ s(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
; u, {3 z. @% Y( k; w(2) fair-haired boy:7 v0 d) _! G2 t5 |: N
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
6 C, B1 _+ w2 V(通常用单数,当名词用)2 L" Q$ N! V; b3 m; D
例如:2 J& r8 C, \! `9 y: H! Y }/ ~$ M+ r
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.: a7 ?$ f4 c) Q% u8 k" F
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)0 b! j' M6 j, l( ~2 Y0 O4 o( T4 U; l
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.. \: }, z4 U Z$ j& K7 z4 y
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)- o y- D# |/ f% J1 I
有时也可用复数:
6 B' L& C2 I4 U; p2 u7 I& IMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.- C1 ?: f3 H/ U1 [2 V- t
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
6 }7 E2 T9 [& U/ JFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
" V- X: q3 s2 O2 j, P% {& t: m6 [# }(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
( U5 Z5 Q( B4 }0 ~* k9 |* H(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
$ C& ~9 S- n1 P! c! L! X(3) fishing expedition:: Q( |$ T( J* G6 P
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
3 {- j" m) e" x. y: E Z+ g(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数); p6 Y: z" E$ J u' t1 i
例如:
' q, g+ W5 o/ K0 f1 M0 PThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.0 ^ C" u; X: S7 l! ?6 A
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)* W8 W, v& G9 C1 T! H
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.) a. h9 \5 W- J' `$ p( l; A; e1 |" M
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
/ @3 A' q5 k) \- D, `* n# e) B(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
, i* \* [ I7 h8 g, P& L0 AThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War./ l* B, V5 U" F% j8 H. A' @* M' c
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)2 r- u6 z) z! t; o0 i
偶尔也有人用复数:3 c W$ \/ D$ x9 d0 i- r- a* ]) d
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
& l" c& U# T$ a(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)1 d3 G3 g) g0 M& ~
(4) filthy rich:
7 u% n- U' G2 H/ Q, C1 N" |/ O( t* q, F意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
. m/ p0 C% s1 H/ d(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)& ~- C6 t7 J! C
多半当形容词用。例如:; G$ {& y' K* Z) v n
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
; X! a) {3 }8 b5 g- m' U( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)2 |$ ]0 H/ ]/ N$ A* z9 J
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.4 Z6 ^2 S8 ?& w3 k2 x$ \6 k7 E
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。). j3 G+ { O# I6 C* P4 ?* A# B
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.3 c5 ~6 n E" \6 |. ]
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)1 d5 a5 G# J0 w* U$ C, u
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
1 C2 S0 F; w' ?8 z' I6 _(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)1 u% [* C0 I) F- b3 `* `
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
+ N/ h( @' a: b* ~3 u# X, b(5) fairy godmother:
% i; `( @, a% }# E) H指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
) V& e" v% @" b o4 h2 c(多半指有钱的女人)
: y2 n9 h8 o, N+ I(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
+ Z( l) `& `! x/ `, B8 ]/ M/ aMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.$ a3 W( O$ W/ E; J
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。) w( q5 T9 I* }: r9 r
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
# F' N' ^( x' ^3 W5 H: o8 B. F(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
6 P% L" H- t$ m0 K9 I3 S; n5 ]有时也用复数:
2 j, C% R" U% y v+ e- r$ P& VOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.* \; f, r, U7 X- Z. S l: o
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)! k& q4 E9 b9 U) ^
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
6 S* ^7 U9 W( h3 y6 P, v(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener:( a. u# f! s5 y
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)( ^5 {( [! e+ q: D
(当名词用;通常只用单数)# I: O: a2 G3 P* E0 t' c1 Y8 ]
例如:
4 E* f( S F4 T/ h7 A: ^, fYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
4 \3 j: c) \0 M- r" }+ ~* a# _; T(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)7 g8 Q( ? f; U6 E
Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
- o" G/ @, h I9 x0 E4 t* {/ ]6 D- e, O(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
4 z+ P) P7 n, i1 B8 u8 Q& TThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.! G w) W$ D* Z9 B# T- n3 w
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
, E% n! S3 G( h- o3 g( YSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.; \" a" c1 s% O: d6 ]
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)9 x$ G4 H m' b1 x9 C# \
(7) hot dog:) Q7 S c# k) Q1 l
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
- N+ u: Q! p Z% o& d' [ S例如:
! v) w% ]8 S" y. \( YSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
4 _( g5 y6 P7 M, U8 a( T: {(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
! ~/ P/ g- {, [3 m. R: _4 N(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
: s$ G$ U' n( n- t A3 f* \ |In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.9 ]7 o$ T t2 g3 _8 g
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
. ^$ s1 ^7 k4 Q* w G$ k(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging) R6 m4 @6 Q, x, n3 ]3 a" g1 l! i
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.+ Q9 V; l! v+ J! o# G2 m. I
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
! T; V2 d2 Y4 g) u* P9 k也指真正的热狗食物:
2 C: T& B& w6 {* bThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
. b Y+ v, G- v5 q/ R(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
7 C$ W# V: N m; g7 d% O- ?6 V也可表达欣赏的心情:- ?" T3 f: C! i2 C, a, L
Hot dog ! What great news for me.
7 W" W# E# l6 T1 Z" }1 \2 e(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
, V) B/ ^ _3 n2 e* c7 V(8)eager beaver:( {! |( e8 M# x9 U; M
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)# }- i7 _% i5 [8 o' _
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。); E z2 J6 `+ o3 {# i
(当名词用,可指男女)
* J0 M& Q, ^6 g5 y" _! K: g' O8 Y7 Z例如:
7 S" l% \2 @# v: Y+ U4 Q) K' NJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
|8 J$ u# z) y1 d$ S+ x! K(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)2 S: L1 m+ F" L7 o" F" n
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
/ P( D4 N6 E. q8 `7 ^- m(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
8 R. o2 j9 \# a3 P- k: J. {* tDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?2 i% g9 i" S8 E' W% e$ e
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
9 j) r( Q* ^ m0 f' c5 IYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
3 W$ r7 M* r- s(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
( e% v+ P' U: O(9)doubting Thomas:
9 h0 f. x' ~! F9 n3 O# U这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)# u, n. F5 Y4 R( T6 C( u
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
S7 Y1 p; V' v4 o(当名词用)/ G6 I5 ^- `! H. o& {) ]
例如:
" S3 `, E. `: r+ h' G( H. _I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.& R0 ]# X" x8 o) J+ z7 n) Q
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)0 c0 q5 L7 F2 k, H; c9 |7 E* I7 a
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.$ O0 h. K0 @4 k: @
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。). x7 v- a1 V' T G& I
也可用复数:# }& f7 G7 B" R4 z3 z* n, o! j6 M
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
7 d, N' m+ z: i) U& `(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
2 \& n; ~ j' e: IIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.' p( u! Q, j! q J/ ?
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
/ n- r6 N/ b+ I6 Z: Q0 Y- h, i8 V(10)dragon lady:9 s; E: n9 _; Q: h' X( d: `
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用), ]% p+ F% a% R1 c* v1 c( Q- l& T
例如:+ h( q6 M- L( i# k4 a4 L* b
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.3 H" Y& j5 d8 y, m, |; i4 j8 I
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)+ N5 K( V6 S% }8 N5 k- S2 {
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.; S! G+ B" ^0 F0 T2 e
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
2 V+ @& L( q5 m0 V" J2 }0 U; eShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
# N2 \* b9 ?3 ^- B5 ?- _(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
1 L% D4 p. o2 }0 v1 c3 P也可用复数:
- [; z' u# l& Z" G C. tThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.
9 W, X% N1 @6 U1 N(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
& s- y% K+ D s注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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