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7 M3 L v9 V0 E1 \' i0 O. U 这个全：
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: a3 c7 K( T8 s: G: K& NCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere. r7 m6 Y* }; U5 M, s
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
# D r6 Y1 [/ ~% Q& t' DThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.& c; q9 W$ V/ B3 E# b& p
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
6 M* R9 W4 D6 @: A0 T2 O) m0 f) OThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.+ v4 w1 N2 l$ U N
The country codes used are :' w6 ~% E7 V/ Z9 ~5 d4 V
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CODE \COUNTRY
- K- I6 h h& ]' F0 M# h% t00-13 USA & Canada
& D6 O7 A6 g* o: }6 R1 {20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
0 p; k# o- d, B2 I6 ] I4 X) h30-37 France2 ~- i( A& M# }+ V3 D- N7 t
380 Bulgaria
3 Z3 K- U+ ~& P383 Slovenia4 }) f8 o8 A% S
385 Croatia
) P6 ~9 q( H. o' I2 h! L; [1 J: N387 Bosnia-Herzegovina. c8 C1 K1 Y" G8 \
400-440 Germany4 l# z- `! b3 K: J& b' [5 \2 W
45 Japan$ j3 c( ~+ ~% u8 |) L+ U) F
46 Russian Federation' U4 X) r# A: `3 X5 T
471 Taiwan/ o5 O: X& x0 O: N# y
474 Estonia
- p2 M9 j; ?- ?; v! I475 Latvia8 W6 J# u; i+ n) |+ o6 V
476 Azerbaijan, B) u, n, m$ C; h6 `4 @
477 Lithuania
2 w9 T7 s1 C) I* p" [478 Uzbekistan3 v6 ]; @" D) ^
479 Sri Lanka
( k9 b4 `& U, c/ Q' P/ Q0 }480 Philippines
* c3 j! Y2 q2 O( R! [5 ?481 Belarus! b: p: l. x* T& _9 v5 |
482 Ukraine3 F* \# y. a. h9 h$ u5 D
484 Moldova
. @! \5 R+ u; W0 ]7 Q485 Armenia
& T: [ t3 F/ a4 D8 }; h486 Georgia
0 \ C. }9 K; S' n' X* c+ k487 Kazakhstan! ]5 A$ J7 O9 k% [. F/ D, q
489 Hong Kong
' {; X* K( O( L% y49 Japan
, H( T2 e2 m- k2 h X5 s4 o50 UK
' b$ b% Z) \& @6 {' G0 f8 q) _520 Greece9 _7 l& O4 T% t, C
528 Lebanon
^# e* ~5 e$ q8 k& _' a529 Cyprus3 m" ]( e3 W! c3 o" a
531 Macedonia
& R5 O' \0 m* `0 N0 J! z535 Malta* @$ X1 B) V3 S Y# k
539 Ireland& i9 O1 ?4 s9 W$ l6 A$ R8 D
54 Belgium & Luxembourg$ L/ ^* @# S6 F; d5 Z9 H7 e. c
560 Portugal+ @6 N4 u; Y6 u5 j# d9 n
569 Iceland
" e: b! S8 A1 H1 z$ w& b( f7 A( `57 Denmark2 N" O/ S7 U$ E. d
590 Poland8 ?- L, k- f1 @4 b {
594 Romania# k# d" T# N( R @" N9 Q
599 Hungary4 H' F( ?% u& {, F. h
600-601 South Africa
" M. W. |8 m8 z& e' H1 I8 n% Y609 Mauritius" f: M" a- ]1 C* w0 K
611 Morocco0 p' W. m7 A5 E8 c/ H9 m8 x% y
613 Algeria
' x& z6 R+ Q' `& @, S( w619 Tunisia
- K" D/ `7 S7 }8 E& z2 `5 }621 Syria5 Y& J% y& e! S
622 Egypt
K7 M6 Y/ \% h) \624 Libya
+ H; l6 Q) |% D8 F2 N% H625 Jordan
+ K; c1 Y1 i& J4 n$ j1 Q; g8 {/ W626 Iran
& V- A) W' z' K. B627 Kuwait
7 {0 m2 Q+ d( {$ A628 Saudi Arabia
5 ^& u" G; r) m4 l+ a/ ~629 United Arab Emirates# u/ W, {: z- h) J. G1 h6 R1 \
64 Finland/ h$ I2 M, ~2 I
690-692 China
4 u* v n+ p" V( @5 ?" Y70 Norway7 u" V, y9 |- m& [, D; [5 y
729 Israel; h) }, d+ |! F1 z6 N; Y9 b
73 Sweden
# Q# V" V4 E2 L; z: [3 |740 Guatemala
! |& O7 J5 H6 |" M/ I9 J% r741 El Salvador/ p7 ?3 ?% R |' U
742 Honduras
6 \, K* `- z4 b4 _6 B' E% O743 Nicaragua
# a7 M& w& r0 ~! Z0 P) C744 Costa Rica% f( j3 i0 K$ ^6 e7 P; `
745 Panama
' q5 H0 }' a" C& Q% A* ~" W746 Dominican Republic
/ ^: h) _# v% }5 G( r0 m$ C: @2 A7 L750 Mexico
, y5 g# M; }* T/ m- F759 Venezuela Y' A) F0 j* S. v
76 Switzerland8 F/ `4 `+ Z& y
770 Colombia6 l4 M/ [7 P8 D0 j; t
773 Uruguay
9 B9 v; z6 U% v775 Peru" K7 e) }* e2 O' E$ q+ f) R3 y _
777 Bolivia
3 Z0 K/ g% P/ I) A779 Argentina1 d: ^" v5 E V" u
780 Chile
8 t+ f6 `+ q" K, H6 |4 Q784 Paraguay
, a; r, Y. u# p- l7 G/ ~% {785 Peru2 u5 ]# A! Y l7 P1 E
786 Ecuador
1 f8 P' C7 d) X+ j( D. A789 Brazil# n, |- ^% c+ c" N) P0 l+ o
80-83 Italy( P$ {1 ]. u; }7 h1 p+ R6 S' ^
84 Spain3 s1 B2 R; e% {" }9 }4 }0 `# D' c
850 Cuba" H. e% P( h1 w3 L, q
858 Slovakia6 B/ Z0 ]( i: y9 Z& ]/ s. s: [- P
859 Czech Republic
w! h* n. W& j/ P) X* _, y6 G860 Serbia & Montenegro
# j8 j$ ]0 H4 ]8 x: t869 Turkey2 R3 {. @3 B" {% d
87 Netherlands% i9 O0 z0 b# e
880 South Korea
! T7 y, J, b5 l885 Thailand
3 a8 Y, q! t/ W0 u888 Singapore, z3 r6 Y! _# O
890 India
8 s; C% C* a8 r8 j; d893 Vietnam
' N3 a6 @' {* @899 Indonesia
- Z$ e8 {" j" q7 |' m0 R) W, B90 -91 Austria- i2 A y8 W1 P( h+ S6 i0 q
93 Australia
1 \8 s7 Y! {* u0 D: o- F9 D- j94 New Zealand4 @" G W5 s% }, m- Q, m' T: Z
955 Malaysia
# L) E3 L( `: _ y3 T& l, q958 Macau
: E. \% I5 \9 d5 V3 y. d4 B: e/ p977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
% ^- W; |# V8 n/ N978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)1 [4 [4 k+ l' q& e+ ~( K5 X; }. N
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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