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发表于 2014-4-2 22:36
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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 : f% I! j! c% m' t' r+ m
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?; f# m: u, I0 ~. T
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.* _/ m/ Z8 ~* Z+ J& t! p4 M0 u
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
5 }: c* r( `; ~The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
8 X. g3 l3 ]" ~( n) {- l! o ECurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.6 T9 ?3 M. \8 p+ \$ P6 v7 w
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced. y8 P; b# }5 v! `) Q
The country codes used are :
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$ t3 i. C0 g$ J: ECODE \COUNTRY" p1 p/ N/ z2 t8 v/ p) |
00-13 USA & Canada
8 D- c! D5 K0 n$ O20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
. `4 s2 }% `/ k3 l. m: v9 U0 J30-37 France! O ?5 F" D: a
380 Bulgaria
; X/ t( {$ ?, F" h383 Slovenia$ M% u. ~% H9 g$ e3 ^
385 Croatia) a' J1 f. D4 A" C$ R$ x
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
k8 T7 H: v; c+ [400-440 Germany; c+ F6 C! O1 m4 G4 y
45 Japan
7 R' d4 t& V" G! U0 o1 c5 ]/ {7 {46 Russian Federation M2 W2 t8 R8 ~0 Q
471 Taiwan
* I* z0 G6 t: }474 Estonia
2 ?0 D; a- ?) R* ~. f4 D, ?475 Latvia
7 D$ D, {' G4 Z n476 Azerbaijan1 l) t+ q6 {( C! a* i
477 Lithuania
: |' p0 G+ d; a a- g; S6 A, f478 Uzbekistan$ s! M; @2 ~: F4 @. L
479 Sri Lanka4 A+ w& h9 Q' [/ t
480 Philippines
7 t# z/ u4 ?" L6 F6 J1 i* ^481 Belarus
6 S3 X4 x7 |4 i% [- b; g482 Ukraine' g0 ]4 T9 m1 y" `1 P+ k7 }& ~2 p! a
484 Moldova
( p% z3 @8 ?2 z* t& B" J/ `1 X& o" H485 Armenia L& R9 e! {) H4 j
486 Georgia
- h9 h3 h( \! u& O487 Kazakhstan
' [$ E1 {; d9 _0 B1 f5 }9 e489 Hong Kong
; r B7 ]/ e x& H" ^49 Japan
@2 |( p9 w. V5 }- X. p50 UK
! |" l& Z& @* Q520 Greece
' w* k: l; X6 X) R* Q528 Lebanon
- h9 ?% I* s$ W8 `& w" y529 Cyprus
% H8 @; v( S0 c3 Y9 G531 Macedonia% u9 P+ ^& r6 f
535 Malta
) `# h7 F/ w9 H5 d/ \. }# e% |/ }% t539 Ireland
; B. w/ V6 q9 N- g9 p; m54 Belgium & Luxembourg% k7 i+ T& D4 W3 o( r; z2 P2 m" ]9 K
560 Portugal9 @- ^0 E# a |0 h! ~0 a
569 Iceland
( R. @/ U5 W9 ?9 @57 Denmark9 Q+ O! x2 A3 z& k9 I3 Y
590 Poland
7 M6 c8 }" h" ^2 f1 n7 u594 Romania$ p2 S8 v( S0 R5 v( o
599 Hungary
$ l3 V7 U& J# v1 J/ Z% m0 T# s! C600-601 South Africa9 a+ a' i7 i+ r9 C
609 Mauritius! o6 ^. i, k2 D9 H" A
611 Morocco5 H, [$ L: u7 {7 B ~) Y
613 Algeria
2 T. s( s6 c3 z, _2 @: z2 T619 Tunisia
- C8 \' @% D( J5 r621 Syria
0 [0 [* ^5 [. E7 f622 Egypt* c% f$ ?: i! m5 M2 ?$ G
624 Libya( \# G: v8 ^2 h2 h( ^
625 Jordan5 I# L3 C- L6 `7 Z
626 Iran% r% P% E( k: W& q* T
627 Kuwait
8 s' @5 w1 b9 O5 p+ Q628 Saudi Arabia
2 P' M; G8 h, X$ R$ I629 United Arab Emirates
I# Q7 v* ]9 }6 L64 Finland
. g- ~$ Y/ z! V0 r* F690-692 China8 ]3 a8 `* Z6 R& M# b
70 Norway6 R# X9 O* N; Q9 O
729 Israel
/ [* }4 G1 a( x" u73 Sweden
( t2 J3 x; I' W740 Guatemala
$ \; H6 N1 R3 \9 G1 T2 V: {741 El Salvador0 g W, |; q, _# b) R3 F% Z
742 Honduras; j$ d' u7 e+ Q" j Z2 q/ C4 J
743 Nicaragua k+ i3 p& A9 W- {/ V
744 Costa Rica
# E) N# g" F; E: ?745 Panama4 e( s) @5 P* e* C. Q
746 Dominican Republic
' u$ Z1 @3 a1 v- c750 Mexico, U# J3 `! @( v7 Y% z! h
759 Venezuela& j: N+ e6 W$ a
76 Switzerland
* i( M; ?6 B. r770 Colombia* n4 ~! W4 I; D; p4 y b) s
773 Uruguay0 |* q' t. h4 ^# i' u
775 Peru# }5 N/ m) S$ H. [
777 Bolivia5 _3 h" Y$ k' ?3 S3 Q: U6 r
779 Argentina
% S& }, u* |" }2 A780 Chile
& X S- c; F6 a5 i+ h784 Paraguay- g2 t: T8 E( }( ~5 E1 X' t4 k$ N9 ^( n
785 Peru1 G3 K1 `* ~; v) U; ?' Y: L/ O9 G
786 Ecuador" b @3 O7 _/ u" x0 {/ n! g
789 Brazil& E# ^; Z4 G- e. p; v1 }/ |
80-83 Italy
; L1 Z F# ?" u: \, H1 i8 b9 X0 |84 Spain) o( ]$ A2 P' C3 c
850 Cuba* \) U+ t2 o; `) f9 L
858 Slovakia
& P" y ]. s' l. ?/ W859 Czech Republic
) Z( W/ T" _/ k5 g! ^% C: l860 Serbia & Montenegro
* N. x+ Q% }, D5 O ^869 Turkey$ N' n- n. ?4 f8 I. `
87 Netherlands/ O" w" H3 q% b e7 O
880 South Korea( C0 o6 _: \% ^; p. q5 S/ v
885 Thailand
1 v% Q1 H! U6 k" X4 h888 Singapore3 Z+ `; H' a) {8 \' \4 V6 t
890 India
( a5 \- d. J4 Q4 O2 E& }893 Vietnam
+ }) }. W+ f: D8 \" D8 \6 K( C899 Indonesia. D9 \) a t1 Q7 |1 r
90 -91 Austria% X5 k P) b' v$ _' B( k# [
93 Australia0 |; s& n& Z5 {$ B7 U
94 New Zealand7 q k, b/ [7 L! \! ~
955 Malaysia- U8 U/ o- }$ R# h: n
958 Macau
7 a% r) h0 ^# R- R( l! @977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
- _5 C& V" x% N+ T( i978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
8 S. u9 O: z3 v0 u7 T3 t979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number) J+ \: F, }: T7 i+ O# M
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm. e2 {1 ]* T* v! t# z" A- u6 N
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