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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 2 o" E; C6 \! ~ L" \3 i
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
; }2 V0 a# N' {7 \3 z* eBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
6 e( B% R/ l6 u3 }& |: e$ |0 c; VThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
1 F w* G) ]! W: l/ lCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
/ u, p( Z+ ?* ^2 ^+ i+ wThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
* F. c* W, Y8 k. zThe country codes used are :& ^( Z( [/ b$ T) r e
! W6 S1 O! d& n% I1 `8 |! pCODE \COUNTRY6 P4 N2 e; R8 y: |
00-13 USA & Canada
0 ~# z1 C2 w- z F2 b3 f4 n+ s W20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)% w7 e9 w! o9 g4 c! w5 Q& x
30-37 France
! n3 M. p& [. v0 h4 S3 ?380 Bulgaria0 ?* O/ m( I1 K6 W
383 Slovenia
! {' x, p7 M- ?4 l7 E( T) V! _385 Croatia$ q8 U+ Q( G7 C0 l% a
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
, ]& D6 q, Q; O" j; W+ M400-440 Germany/ P( j3 T, b- n3 u) u- u
45 Japan
, _% m0 e' R3 A46 Russian Federation% k' W* ^# I$ j7 ~! V8 _
471 Taiwan
0 y+ \- O/ ?9 O7 C474 Estonia) h! J3 G* p1 c$ D" K2 v
475 Latvia: ^, A1 B: j1 [) f
476 Azerbaijan
: {* p8 J5 F8 D F477 Lithuania U1 Y- y- v. a
478 Uzbekistan
' F& N1 l( x6 c G4 t479 Sri Lanka
6 O6 V& G" x" t+ i% V# D9 k480 Philippines
6 e: `" \2 e: {4 g481 Belarus
( V) A4 W( B* c) d; U4 S482 Ukraine ]8 F$ Z# ~3 ?6 @2 g5 _
484 Moldova
0 C J+ ~! j5 g) ]- }485 Armenia" w* y K) m5 W3 g
486 Georgia0 v* F/ \9 A) M6 I( Q, N
487 Kazakhstan# H" Q. w: f' ^4 }0 k2 Z! {: L
489 Hong Kong5 g! m( O+ R3 m/ x* c5 X3 o
49 Japan$ u& {: ]. d5 V7 I8 q- d3 ?/ _. X( p6 i
50 UK8 _2 ` `+ h' M( n( |
520 Greece; w) C) c. K1 n/ d
528 Lebanon6 z8 A# D2 O# ~. @' `/ [' ^3 L
529 Cyprus
* E5 a! T7 ~. n) l- h, z+ X% _531 Macedonia
3 B3 |4 e$ s& k2 ~6 Q535 Malta
) r/ K+ q7 g" _2 n. F, A+ N8 H# p539 Ireland2 b' S+ w9 e! s4 q
54 Belgium & Luxembourg8 W5 b* t# f9 l; p$ p
560 Portugal1 f# a$ s/ r* O0 @* M- Z5 ~
569 Iceland
$ m4 b8 V2 T* a2 }8 H57 Denmark
9 a* ^. G% z5 Y7 }& o8 o590 Poland& t* [; l2 B% L0 Q
594 Romania
. f( ?# P- M/ U4 O: s" _8 O" G599 Hungary
' k7 }8 J8 q1 Q1 P7 ~7 }600-601 South Africa" _* N. Q' J, i. s/ l4 B
609 Mauritius
a0 \4 l+ K. g Y9 `) Z611 Morocco& a! L, [- X- F# @7 E* q
613 Algeria
( h& z3 X5 T( V7 E* ?" j& r5 m619 Tunisia
8 M! N0 D$ y1 U& U0 ~: a0 N4 E621 Syria
* b$ |) B3 L* h% H" m7 ~2 h5 x622 Egypt0 Z4 m$ A2 @5 N
624 Libya
% G6 w4 ^: @7 a) Q" a- s) D# M625 Jordan) j* c0 f0 a2 p9 d# ] H
626 Iran$ o3 K9 g: M# K: l% \. w
627 Kuwait
" b: Y p- S# N628 Saudi Arabia0 p$ O$ h7 x. R) B
629 United Arab Emirates" _! S6 H. [( O( J! V
64 Finland
1 F& `; I+ C' `5 o9 ?: e2 F3 J690-692 China |/ b# X" I5 }$ E0 G& k
70 Norway
+ x' X T- s `: B729 Israel* r8 r' d7 p" {; c0 n" q
73 Sweden' m8 I: }, |6 V, T+ o+ M1 ~$ D
740 Guatemala! k0 b! r% a7 O2 W- B' o0 `5 p
741 El Salvador( o. Y/ d7 c! }6 o5 i& a
742 Honduras
9 C! G% L$ _& P! D% ^. A' r9 D743 Nicaragua
7 m7 m8 z+ y$ V/ s _744 Costa Rica
3 Q6 @ Z: L' V; Z745 Panama
4 j% E6 N/ J8 V7 i# q" i: [746 Dominican Republic: K0 g2 C; R) q3 T8 d2 n+ o+ J
750 Mexico1 ^7 l0 d& j! V; i
759 Venezuela* S. j# m5 N; j$ t
76 Switzerland
+ s, s! H$ w+ u* v! g! x770 Colombia
- q0 h! z& W% t773 Uruguay( ?, P- ~, n+ ~/ D: J; n
775 Peru
4 L1 v) g4 N G7 c777 Bolivia
& I9 o) _0 {; q; S779 Argentina
4 ~+ [# @: I3 f! V780 Chile
4 P! w) v$ {+ P9 j' S9 L. F# j: H5 f784 Paraguay- X: T2 g" d9 S5 |# j2 @
785 Peru
1 \0 z) F- r' N! R786 Ecuador- ^3 S* g, s. [! n" n* M
789 Brazil
: W2 B# w2 M& n+ ~6 ~- o80-83 Italy) F' J: h8 l6 ]$ Z7 w0 s" J# j: e
84 Spain5 C7 o. f( m5 P% u
850 Cuba
; X* w$ [+ b2 H$ S& M858 Slovakia
6 B# k, ]2 ^% c5 ?2 z$ ?859 Czech Republic
5 F" U: f2 s3 B5 O; s" Z$ U0 \6 t* {5 U860 Serbia & Montenegro
. C, j/ z% Z, i! Z869 Turkey" _! r$ `1 C: Q; ?, F/ t4 d
87 Netherlands
7 N/ l& Z9 ~0 C" C! w9 T/ t880 South Korea
4 E D# e% ] L( z6 s# c' |6 l" l885 Thailand* y* x9 o! Q0 g1 F
888 Singapore7 o' i. F$ y7 O& G9 G: ]6 w& s9 K
890 India
: T2 `! i) x; X5 c5 r, A) e+ b/ w893 Vietnam
8 E& X; }( O0 q1 e899 Indonesia
8 n( o7 |2 ?% c5 O+ d* C" {2 i; Q90 -91 Austria
$ ~" d7 {4 u& ]- l6 |3 B93 Australia
6 f: @. u2 a+ U# V- S94 New Zealand
% `2 X% {/ c( v% ^; H& ?955 Malaysia
) w. z+ F5 s/ T1 M2 W( p1 I958 Macau
- l% T; B9 k! Q% I7 T977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
8 w. E2 Q {/ N, E0 b978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)" h5 o5 L* M5 \0 E
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)* x8 x, v w% \2 k1 a; V
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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