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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! - k0 {/ p( j8 j
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一、厕所 , {1 x- y) [ `/ E1 G# P
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
0 t+ m, B9 P* {! m* U/ K 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
$ s+ F6 Q8 c: Y3 s9 i9 |* M# }+ e7 C Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
: u+ G V; ~# w/ O8 g3 N( U Do you have trouble urinating?
! ?8 ?! W5 ~% X K/ Z0 i =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) $ Z/ C6 B Y+ M) S) F- B- {
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此外,还有其他的说法: " T* s1 C. \6 m# r4 Q4 a( ]
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: + L, o; l& C) f+ v
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. . \/ f- w& m* {3 d3 X
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) * ~: w4 S- {3 }$ y& \
: @9 U1 [) J; v2 Q! j# e/ T 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: " p8 H% r9 V- e! \0 S
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. , c# H$ u4 P6 D+ Y. t, E- |6 l( I5 t# J
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. & U: `+ P+ Q: z6 Y8 g% B
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* ?2 k7 R7 d& T: o * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 5 T% x8 e+ {- ]
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 8 p v; \5 I! u$ i4 _" h( {
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
0 ]% b7 N" q% U( K1 z * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
j' z+ u5 ~# x0 M3 R' X; c * Do I need a urine test? / \/ k' Z& C* S" f( e& L
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
# U+ X1 ^( I# f: q5 l L * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. - E7 \8 G+ i: R9 i) T
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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" K* q3 b( {2 o+ J0 L 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
) r! K7 d, Y" R% m. ]) O& S * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) * I( T, S3 K$ W) U R
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
* q, U5 L. j+ Q. Q" Q" S9 d* s * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
0 N! \4 G$ D; g/ ?% ~3 i: D * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) - G/ T1 r+ G5 ]6 p2 s: O
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三、解大便
- O: H% i U' Z3 A& ~ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
- K# g0 O8 c7 b! B to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) % j p$ b3 T9 K1 t, @
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: $ n7 f- @0 q$ R' o0 Z
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 0 c) m0 f+ |% @7 x. @
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
2 I9 z y. E' P4 h! F * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) # R* s# b* B1 x
) Z4 d1 _1 x2 N" j 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 3 B9 K* S: |# F; J, n
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) . W3 ~# Z8 n2 u, L
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四、放屁 $ _4 { x& E5 |, p
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
& I& `. l, Y3 L, _3 ^ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
" V2 V) }+ k; | 你放屁的次数很多吗? 3 N3 U. A( B0 L) F+ T1 y0 J3 \
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
* {2 s f* f& {6 m% P" p& b0 F' m/ z5 L 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ' ^ H( E$ p+ q
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
; e! d. |# u/ m0 i7 i! j% S6 D 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 0 G6 s7 I# R# f" V/ N5 x% d
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
7 C+ q2 z" P O7 }- {. {# f7 e 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
& D. l& c- d3 P& i$ b% D * Be careful not to fart in the public. 1 n7 L' ? w* \9 `3 U
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
! L2 e3 P A) J * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
9 p. Y6 L9 {- R; W. c5 n7 v = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 5 {3 b C. H, r# J6 p% }1 J
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. / ?; e$ n: I6 p; H- X Q. Z
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
. I: e3 @, m+ L * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
' { N- @; N* i" G- t. B5 B 他经常便秘。) 或 + \; X0 d# E3 h5 P
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 2 D$ l2 `( N; T/ Z, `
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
# J1 x- Z' D9 ?! ]8 e3 u. K+ j- n * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 0 [0 ?1 K8 t' t2 i/ F1 R
- h3 c( n: N# k! M+ i * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 9 e0 R5 P5 l& r, V
他拉了一阵肚子。
) }$ h2 ]' Q% p1 B, N4 N/ a0 U6 M& u5 d * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
4 \: d- \( o5 `" u, Z0 E 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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