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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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6 X+ {5 L" M# v 一、厕所
+ N1 T, |$ h+ }8 ]! D 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 6 v9 O- G0 ~) U3 o+ F
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
) f1 t8 v# \ s/ m* A7 k; J# z, r Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ( k+ G# ?6 u3 D
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医生或许也会问:
2 L0 ~. q" m- h4 z. b Do you have trouble urinating?
% y" F2 J3 n* S- S+ U+ H3 u/ J, ~ =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) : O) Y* }3 y. y: W
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此外,还有其他的说法:
6 I3 W( _/ i: k3 f& y3 r to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
1 N3 L' |+ B2 a" r( t, M, J* G * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
1 t4 k& s5 H9 j6 W2 F2 ?7 M( V * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) # I! ~0 @/ E+ X$ K2 c
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
! w- L! _6 z$ j6 `, D9 W; i * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ) M. Z6 ]2 D( a# _
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ; x1 s) o4 f/ e
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
- F1 j( m3 c4 A/ U) s6 p 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 * s7 F7 G3 w3 Q% s' C
+ x7 C1 }3 J! L c9 K 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
$ n. f; k& R# q0 P. V+ N$ G * The boy needs to pee.
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F& z+ c6 x" n5 m9 [ 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: Z% k% S, b' a% m% r6 x2 A( W# F
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
: p, `% D0 H; L3 ]9 [) Z( | * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
" T% @9 ~. [4 Y* @ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 0 m; K( f+ y) T2 B+ c
2 k" X# B! d1 \/ r& `7 a' m2 A 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
3 z/ I, x, n2 Z) A+ F. p- k * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
6 z' O! ?" C2 t) K, p4 U * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ~. l& L9 P/ e. G
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
( D. ~" R4 c. i$ q * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) W {9 u2 g0 \7 F3 s% G
$ a8 k# x4 x6 X# I9 ], K 三、解大便
* L6 @/ Z4 X L5 U: \0 C0 w 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 2 n8 X5 Q# ^4 y6 |" R7 L, O
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
2 Y: C6 X0 Y' g6 b- E$ x =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 4 a* T" v7 [: X5 F" E/ A. u
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
9 w! V8 ?) M e& \3 @* } * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: " Z7 f( e. ^$ k1 @( }
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 9 @1 J* S: J8 P2 K8 S; e
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
# g# m z2 u, n! P, d# b How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
& z. O! `2 o& Q* z. x" G 你放屁的次数很多吗? 8 p. v' C) K, W5 F' E
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
! U# k4 _( `$ Z* M2 m+ h 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 2 J5 j* t1 |. q. L; P" ?
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 7 l& K- q3 L9 p4 s3 `6 i+ H J1 l
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
% B4 G5 K3 J* ~- e I+ u * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* r% _* [' @9 s. d, W! _0 r 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 2 e7 y- ? K a A- L `& g
* Be careful not to fart in the public. $ B6 ~! G' _: Z1 |% _
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 # C' o' B) [# Q, J' A5 q2 k
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
3 v. k- g5 h) M1 \! J; Z% V. w- p+ @ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) " u7 k( [& _: G w. }& s' @4 _( e
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. % V& \8 h, P6 g3 n, v1 [
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 9 Z) a# n7 ]( p4 ^' }
) {& h7 J" |. y: J% ?" k) g * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 9 {. c& A7 \2 {% P. i% Z! Z
胃不舒服有两星期了。) p3 u; A$ K7 D: D' }$ {
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
. f& a" z. D- P: l& L 他经常便秘。) 或 / ~1 @1 l% L) O5 D
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 9 Y. k( e X; o2 z
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
" A( J! K) l9 f$ `6 z" O Z * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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3 S: J- Z. g8 M6 A * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
. X& z) m) ~/ ^! ~ 他拉了一阵肚子。
J8 H+ Q0 W5 h9 J9 E( s * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
% f, ^3 s0 H) a; i5 X 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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