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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
# [, k$ q$ w# k5 [* J5 t" F1 p: f" b$ D! q 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 $ W- f* p, |, [; h0 s: x
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
6 V* R2 ~- K/ P+ F2 ] Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: 4 C" J! }0 h' x6 v2 ]) W% {2 j) o
Do you have trouble urinating? . y$ C) w8 n7 x# a- H
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: ! j; j$ H8 l6 Y7 w2 i7 d8 {
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
! @. o, d, w+ ^# P) D# ?4 s9 B * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
. L4 K8 A4 _; |+ W3 Z% ]1 x; ` * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 1 D6 E l) y; m/ l
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
; p9 ]) V- R/ C* i$ j 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 . V9 u7 L9 V# w: L5 `9 v
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
* @/ P& R1 T( q+ f& I) M0 Q 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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2 A% b; f9 g9 N* \1 z- q6 U' c * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 5 X9 D, |% ]# O) g/ A( L! R# I
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 & e/ Y, A9 J* c! q
. i5 f7 w0 Z+ O 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: / S, Q w6 w! F" P0 i* k
* The boy needs to pee. : m) P' C( |$ a, Y7 _/ q7 H; c
& C/ y# f" D+ |0 B/ c, k 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
: F5 w u- U& r9 a# ~2 I$ c( v * Do I need a urine test? - H( s: L. h9 ]5 o0 X
2 U: ^" l: t. C/ H3 d. s* z 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: % Z$ c! u B3 \7 Q" m S
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
" y: n+ P% A6 m+ B * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 4 z) ?2 h4 l0 Q( e- L( ^1 Q
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 3 [3 ^" c- L: Z3 k7 W3 S4 y# ^
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
1 q$ @+ x* j6 ]) m' D7 N' n1 ] * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
3 s" n4 B" l0 j% W8 E( q * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) : I1 ^2 s% J7 g: c
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 4 y; @3 e/ r# {
3 Y8 t: e6 q+ }! U- \" r9 ? 三、解大便 $ V& K. f! \! ]( f7 ~
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
' S% V! @' b& ~8 o( g to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) $ s2 d+ [6 h( _9 L- [* a+ L
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
8 r: Q# l% Q/ ^- ]4 J * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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. S! f& [0 q. U% G6 a' A7 m 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
f9 ~9 L1 P. M * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: * U2 u: m1 }6 V% |" q+ q
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) d5 A# Z6 Q; j% Z1 h0 v4 K
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四、放屁 / x9 O Y; V7 X3 c4 @! I2 B" G
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
/ _6 y% X) C; Q6 ]! S2 t How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
0 D) T+ ~& K( u: \ 你放屁的次数很多吗? ' Z/ @. x8 W6 X5 }' ~( E
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
" A1 M$ `) {0 N# \* b6 j 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) - S8 S: t X# O
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
% W& c7 K" Q' C 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
& j# _+ ?3 a$ Z5 H* Q/ D * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 0 W2 \" i: D b8 d' i
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 $ e' Y. Z3 Z8 O0 `9 c9 V
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
/ r1 A: I8 ], ] 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 6 Z2 Z9 U( n6 B+ E5 r
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ) \$ J% B0 R0 P; U# r+ D5 r
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) # T4 E0 G) p) `7 Y- R4 C
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. : C/ J! M/ ]/ d* d; w! B
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) # x9 D( s* O- y( O0 y
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. % n, w% ?$ R' J( ?
胃不舒服有两星期了。) % F ^ a8 P& m* Z6 O! i. q( W
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
! \2 @ M" a* G! m 他经常便秘。) 或 % V4 O4 e2 F2 m6 m
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
. N& b) i/ G: w' B; H- H4 v * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 1 F- b6 Z' I* \9 @
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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# v' S+ _4 G- m. M- a3 N. u * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
2 Q6 |, X* q* N+ }$ ~ 他拉了一阵肚子。
4 d2 e( J9 h. G* n$ r8 N" D * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 2 _7 Z1 X# \3 s+ _9 k9 W) |) R
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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