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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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' l1 D2 `& s! e 一、厕所
1 _1 D; ^* H' n# y9 [ 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 , }) k f7 O3 J( S. x
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ; X6 N4 \% i# o( _9 c9 `: w+ M" t1 {
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ) ]) k- R: ^; E# r% C
5 o$ R# s3 V5 n 医生或许也会问:
2 n( }/ m3 F$ Z- ^ Do you have trouble urinating?
1 }4 S4 u9 x% ~. ]! H' N& G5 @ =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) # \: ~4 L& ~# |& p) y6 {
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此外,还有其他的说法:
& a" h0 P: y2 r to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
* M$ ?" [" Y% p1 [ * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
8 ]* x4 I. y6 H * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 1 }3 w8 ~$ C. {* Z5 m3 a" W7 @
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: * W8 A4 A$ H9 Z; B! B6 ]( E
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 9 g a2 d) V: D2 F+ _% a+ r1 Z
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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9 B" V$ ~# | m3 \ * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
' x. e+ V T% T* s- z 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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5 S8 t/ F! d* P8 t3 C O+ _ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
9 y% T6 o, u2 f4 ~( e# G% M1 _& { 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: - @: }$ D/ ?9 [: \# `7 @$ F5 _5 i
* The boy needs to pee. }9 U: l' e/ {
% h, i% u8 h; t* s$ g5 g 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: & Z' v6 F5 A) k" l1 | K7 g" L
* Do I need a urine test? 2 Q( M& h' C0 e/ u" _& S2 q
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 5 O- H7 z9 p% R, S3 f- K+ s! H# p" _
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. - \1 {( V# [ I, ]- e8 S
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) / V, J& [2 A2 Z9 |( u
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ( e& k5 y+ p) s6 t, K5 j1 F
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
4 L; e! X3 T: L" J: t$ } * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
) _* C2 D% e1 s. K! q( E) I * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
5 s" F3 ?3 ^# m3 l * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 3 |8 p& W# j) Y J, U
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三、解大便
; _) d( K) w' J$ O) } 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: $ b1 w' `! x9 K! M
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 4 e4 A6 C/ G3 X0 U" ?
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: + Y: D+ ]5 ?! ` B; x( h
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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% j9 e. x& }0 I/ U+ ]2 e 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: - v5 W! Y: G" m( v7 N6 r9 ^4 p* S
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) . h# J0 M9 N7 [9 r9 J' o
) C' ~3 J# n6 O5 D7 ~- j; y 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
- l1 S* W! X) y/ w * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ' i" F7 P: ^9 c2 ~( U8 [9 E
1 U6 I) i* h2 X5 T3 u2 b 四、放屁 # n/ _, m# V6 N7 Y V2 z
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
, Z/ h% G `& W( t5 {+ F+ [ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
' o {. m" Z3 @9 A* U/ a% Q( E 你放屁的次数很多吗? 2 O3 y8 c- b- Q" W
* Is the gas expelled by belching? $ j0 i3 ^6 W% b, l: H
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) $ i6 ~0 ?7 N2 d% V
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
* \. x9 s6 P' K- ~$ K 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 5 M9 Q% \1 \: P% l% L% E
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
4 f0 z; j' e' G( J( X 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
9 b( \" T: D: r% L) K) {6 Y) L& P * Be careful not to fart in the public. 3 y1 P8 h! f/ }" z& v& G3 g7 Y
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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- D7 h I6 _+ l% n* I$ p 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
. n' S7 Q" k" t$ B( X * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ; `1 ^9 f9 D8 H7 v) W
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
3 ~8 q- N9 ?& W1 C, H- l 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) " c- f# [. n' b6 ~
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 7 `! k6 r7 q9 k9 c4 `& g p
胃不舒服有两星期了。) ! \/ Z1 g' A0 S6 j6 L4 X4 r; B( p' K
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) / Z* M, g, G4 V% b
他经常便秘。) 或 9 T6 Z' p, ^9 [+ Q7 r. j
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
F. ^1 w$ }, c' K. w' u0 C9 {! A * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 8 J' m9 m% f2 i |7 Z" Q1 T$ |
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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7 F6 A9 b% P: S G7 z6 i * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
; M& ]' D: x+ g, ~ 他拉了一阵肚子。 0 v. ]4 z) o5 R- x3 O* J
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 0 y) T0 }' n1 H3 O1 q" X0 y0 ~
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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