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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! o) W* h. K1 O1 C* ~6 _
0 g1 T9 m; l8 T- W" u 一、厕所 % k; o0 P9 M8 R( f
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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7 ~, G8 M5 c4 C# E- l/ p' S) Q 二、解小便 1 f% e" _: A( n/ Y
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
* R" \' t0 z& I" ?! y+ w Will (could) you urinate in this cup? % z7 W( _: k- j) o; n" {1 r& H
- o, l! z0 l. h" c 医生或许也会问: " o, ^0 [4 i- U4 S0 o- H" X
Do you have trouble urinating?
, ?$ y* s- S5 z, h: O =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) % u6 W- I% B* ~, |) e/ B2 C& a
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此外,还有其他的说法:
; `0 L0 u/ t0 N/ d+ P( I: o! k4 | to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
k- t# l/ g* B, K * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ' z# k, V! O: u- ]- B& k
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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5 x- j+ _- e. N8 d) c 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ; p: {) Y& v0 I% N8 D
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
" p2 t, n+ ]) z. J1 L, ^# D" h( r; Q 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
- _3 X+ C2 X6 z3 @ [3 N 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 4 i' H8 ^" v* |$ V2 s ]; Y) X
1 |: M; y* D) }: R * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. / G, w9 z+ h Y
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ' S3 ]8 L* U+ T. n
. z4 u1 X' x3 \/ K3 D8 U3 e6 o 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 2 o$ F1 Y3 p( z. q6 P
* The boy needs to pee. ) H. e. E, z( W3 e G
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 5 b$ }% y- R1 F/ h) c) g" F
* Do I need a urine test? ! u; L2 k: k) X8 ?( u' @: s% q
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
6 P2 L9 v3 Q5 y8 R( x% H9 \ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. $ c# [: ~& f! w5 z, R8 \
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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% ]7 T4 S8 N' s( s# D& ^. J; | 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
4 Q! c. g# m1 y * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
4 m. \3 R7 t2 z% Y Q' A * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
7 `7 B, y! N2 x0 M! v7 c * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
; `. c" |$ I2 g * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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; w( |* R- K8 m: ~3 f) c6 [1 S# I 三、解大便 ' T* ?% d/ R3 k6 h
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: + ^, a) v6 w$ v' [( _6 p8 y0 j
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) * r8 {& G8 @" [0 ^6 `; w, N1 A
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: - T# c) o" N3 P' R- _
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
0 L+ q5 g- h& v$ I2 q * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 2 r, e3 `* N, E+ P) w$ _5 X
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: % A- Z5 W( K2 y6 j4 X0 N2 v p
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) : b+ b3 a! V5 t3 W* X) z
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四、放屁 - R+ X0 l. g8 F* N$ n9 n
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
) q: b* Y7 s0 C+ p6 @3 o How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
6 l! W0 M, P+ n W5 p 你放屁的次数很多吗? $ Q, d. }" S6 j- _. L# \: `+ z
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
1 H+ p- ~! \- X+ t( r) i 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ' K" @) v' n: i& E1 q& J
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 4 m4 ~6 g, L: h
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 - M. K2 [# N' v- O. o6 \; ]+ @. R
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
/ ^% P' X" c6 i+ { 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
3 S! v; S2 A! n$ P- ~( W ^ * Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 k' [& `% C& \. a: [, R 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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! a3 W6 y0 b* J8 h) l% y) H) v- } 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
2 M4 p) W, C4 B( T3 l * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 2 J, ~9 q8 W% v0 c* y9 r
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ( }9 b: V$ p1 o/ n0 q, F6 y
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) $ Z" u/ E% v8 y, j% ^; Q6 c5 f! I
+ i3 @" H- k. X * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. * I" V. u$ r# i3 L: Q' J3 V Z
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 8 [! i# @, q3 {4 v( u/ F5 b; X
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) % x ^( S. D2 s
他经常便秘。) 或
1 T6 Q1 W( N* s * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ' ]. B: O5 i; \; O( y+ f7 E
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
+ @5 [& f5 j5 d" [* I! x _ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. : Q0 w6 g$ v* S1 ~% j4 o2 U% y2 H
他拉了一阵肚子。
3 N9 M5 u- ]0 T" p1 v; w9 w * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
, Y6 r1 k4 ]" s 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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