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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! , S. }8 C8 N2 g; w7 b% y" _! t
4 x$ b+ ~, Y9 Y5 A( L% H: z9 A 一、厕所 - J6 p1 ^( R- Y, W$ Y) r
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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4 L2 h; H8 @# |6 `: x, J1 ` 二、解小便 3 C3 i6 B- X* z7 T
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
. k; e( H! P: O Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: ( d( c0 E& }0 d& c" G9 x
Do you have trouble urinating?
" [, q p. h( o9 b* j# P X =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) . h/ t+ r$ e C `
+ B! J& s6 C4 D1 v" P5 x4 ? 此外,还有其他的说法: 4 X, h; y2 {3 q$ z
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: % j! I0 u5 ^; W1 `
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
; @( X9 f ?$ w, y * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: % L- Q4 a- A4 D2 j
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
6 o [' P2 n4 s5 D$ Q 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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0 [3 h; ^, z( t% S( k8 N( | * He went to the john a few minutes ago. / [+ ?6 q4 U- A! ?
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 # b" V8 R! A2 y( A% [4 h5 y- v, C
! J9 T; N3 e J I& x' O8 ^: T * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
v# ~9 h+ T2 b( B 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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; ]* n8 P9 O( l3 V1 d/ F3 z 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: + ^ g& u* L# }5 u, D, U* V; W2 i
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 6 ], i8 J& G* }
* Do I need a urine test?
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3 d% v; [% S/ E: ]' K3 b" Y 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
* d' `: w: ^5 T4 Y* p8 L * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. . ?5 a( I$ v( k1 d
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) & Q X, ]; |5 A6 _" W# n
9 f, ]( ?% M1 U6 j/ }" p 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: + T0 ^) n$ K8 `, a% F9 O1 _
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) . Z( m/ P- @8 ~8 ^; `2 @
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 9 \1 q* r7 B* ~6 f! C; a
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 0 \! e2 c; l: b+ ^7 g- O( a* R; F
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) - N8 C4 W7 |( [6 u; V
8 o8 S1 y/ t3 N5 f$ t; `8 A6 A. o 三、解大便
1 e* u0 r+ |; G$ q8 }; z: a, ? 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 2 ?7 w3 r: t. v/ N
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ( w) b% W' B) O$ u
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
o3 T1 m5 i% f# K; s" k * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ; m( }6 C" y9 B1 C, G$ `3 z/ j
/ W! p4 k& ^, _( l! r7 Q: G% n* c 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
# Y" ]# x- K/ A * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) / @& P' P4 t& X6 X, O
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
, V/ F3 x% R7 l: h * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
4 W, e3 F2 ?; {" t 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: * v" v# H6 ~. R4 x D' @4 A* O
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ' @' E/ W: ]; g: P& A5 [4 s. G, _, g5 i
你放屁的次数很多吗?
! ~6 T& K+ |) {5 u4 [ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
& H2 }( r/ ?" N9 U: E 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 7 O* L* ]6 I8 M% X* \: L+ E
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
8 |+ l+ N8 y& p 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 J" W3 A! v5 N# r2 E. X
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. " `- v% I0 ~) [* R& J# F
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ( {7 b5 m% i# P/ f: Y
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
7 U$ V$ c* T1 L2 b) k! J# Y5 J 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 : {2 F! q; I, J! K( t; K
! x9 m* N+ X; }; n4 b 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
# W3 [5 I% Z% ?+ n9 H4 ^) A# y * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
) }, D: c3 }6 `+ ^- Y: ?9 c D = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 9 P9 D% P9 ?# e$ t+ u) C
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) : N( X; O: A" F1 H* G
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. p+ ?3 x( y( `, x! _& {" f& U
胃不舒服有两星期了。) / P# j/ g3 f! I, H% e% W0 L
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 3 w- ?* l. R" B- h2 l7 \/ P; v, q
他经常便秘。) 或 & E) ]+ y. {! e) b6 o" ~/ U
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& b o. Q1 S1 B1 U l * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
- Q ~3 o/ I+ T& d# t" L8 Q * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 8 f. z) d/ l9 V$ K1 {' ^" B
0 y4 K" F8 S0 F( X * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. : K1 t) ?, R" G2 l
他拉了一阵肚子。 $ [, o0 {9 p" d' V& q7 Y
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 5 m) G; A2 {3 B' G, n9 A
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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