从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
. k' D- V5 U; l7 ?: @例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
1 X( `8 l) T# q& ?9 N' \
. F4 ^' q  o3 J: W) B+ SA：I like apples.

8 ?4 N; q3 H; X4 c, kB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
9 z. t# _! o5 M6 t; t
1 t) Z" a! x/ v  }& B　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

3 R/ l! K. e  W1 h" T本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

; }/ _4 x9 j1 |* l9 e; B( N1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
8 `: j6 s% ?7 y5 C7 F
+ V; `) z$ G, o' ?: `2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

9 ?# w7 U( g/ _1 U0 B9 p又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
: |0 |3 R( ~% p8 ^7 O2 `. ]2 T
  |& ?& ]4 w) r6 ?9 ~; h# x3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
; V& F# X1 @+ ^% N1 F
/ r( o8 Z0 @2 H% w9 {3 K  V9 {4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
+ N8 {# k4 F. M9 @: P0 l$ W
, v) r2 r3 t) H/ c8 M; i2 A& ]如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

1 z5 P( d* D( A7 h" m7 f8 C5 u9 p' n---Nor it is!
$ k, A* @; t. Z1 p7 k
This cup hasn't got a handle!
* x# Y# |& X' ]% X( {
4 i1 G- [$ X, W& I* ]---Nor it has!
* n6 f: F; {+ @8 d! B
" b' x. }% @4 v1 p! U. g四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

0 B5 l! i5 X0 q2 _  c: a' GDerothy: Look it's raining!
( F& e( R4 J. B! B6 I
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
: D. _/ Z% `$ C9 w7 W9 |
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
+ E  H8 W0 a. Z# w4 @, ^
( P' m  E# ~9 h+ p2 v. a/ Y, {! |Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
! \4 v/ k% J* ?3 v
5 A3 H. D% I( z6 \" c) o0 DDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
, p  B! J$ Q1 h# g0 ^: p0 ]/ R5 u
Denald: Yes, let's.
2 v: r! N' u$ W
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

3 l  n0 x; q+ h  d5 V3 ]Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

) |2 Z! L# v8 d0 L- l+ V0 V+ i6 c8 V4 j7 WDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
0 F* w) v( s6 n- X" q( s
+ L$ ?! c4 |3 S+ @* \+ `" ]Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
4 p- J) |: j6 l$ F4 u4 e, \
Dorothy: It's the postman.
( N: \* i" M6 R/ n5 Y, S
) a; P+ h# w: \* A& QDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
* T. B" h$ x6 k+ V, g. G
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
# I: A" [0 G# d, q7 C' V, V
, H# |- ^3 e  Q9 eDorothy: Nor do I!

! J1 N6 {( i& B, Q* vDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
. W/ y/ H7 `  X  q4 {0 [" `
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
3 y& s9 ^; N4 r
Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
' x7 |# b; |' w- R# o
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
9 z% x* g" `% u# O
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
$ z1 v. @0 c( H4 P7 |  E% a" ?
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.