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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 ) C E' { n0 G) T7 V' ], r
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
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A：I like apples. ; _9 N. |8 I G' b; O$ C
" ~& t5 d/ [# b' k$ tB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。） 7 s* C) Y% ]/ [+ c- W+ w
X5 T, s$ D; E! P. l6 z 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 ' F( d+ o3 m" e. e i7 k' y! s) V
, v/ `$ F9 H( z本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
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1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. 5 { W* `: A m. \, F6 K+ F
1 A$ _4 Y8 s9 d) g2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
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% m0 U2 B% u( ^" ~: R% h- @又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明： v4 [0 U! l4 l! F
' T5 v5 Q7 }& u* m4 N( q' v第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 " b' e5 v8 D8 n5 T6 v, i U: \
( o/ ~. C5 |0 |9 [, p: d; `4 b: a3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. / r2 E: e# v2 l! {) X
1 l/ e2 B% ]( Y0 o+ C4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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; c4 D7 i' n' s$ z& _如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
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---Nor it is!
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This cup hasn't got a handle! 2 i% P. E0 E# d7 q3 V
7 Q0 N: P) H4 e---Nor it has!
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。 & e7 T$ S% V' |- p% H) O+ p4 I
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Derothy: Look it's raining! 6 Y1 y% l7 w- X# f. b
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Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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9 S" d, f) x3 g2 \# a7 ~: dDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. . u8 E: E9 M3 Q; N8 f# G$ T7 d
) \! K. ~* z# [Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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/ h/ @# `6 B- D) g& B6 N/ u& _Derothy: So we can. 8 A5 _1 T: i2 ~+ i! D+ t5 D8 ^# k
8 T0 h4 h" ?% ?Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". . O, a& S8 a! U8 @- r7 `
" H6 t8 S, S3 @% r$ \2 Z+ NDerothy: So there is! Shall we go? 7 X$ o+ D% U A, S7 W7 n2 x# X
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Denald: Yes, let's. 4 o, A* K* [% e3 I
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock. ; k& m0 d1 T1 B/ t% `0 W# I$ q
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. 8 L7 a3 Z8 {, V7 C; c
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Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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1 z& I I% i$ D. x1 p$ u% y7 fDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. # B: |4 a; `# I/ P% t
# C9 t1 _0 D6 qDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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Dorothy: It's the postman. 0 {( V. d4 N* v- i. V
2 S" W, }) K3 O* h7 L: ]1 pDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet. 0 m2 u9 `7 ~% n2 r/ s# X
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! + j* p7 F0 R3 U# f |/ {8 b0 b
+ g$ K/ [( j# Z0 S, rDorothy: Nor do I! ) x+ c. u* e0 W x
4 D6 A; i1 h" k$ x/ | p. z5 {Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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! f; V) y C3 {3 \; I8 GDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
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Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. / L$ x$ |0 W2 e' H! E8 z& m6 E' H
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
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; ^: p3 V S7 n! J' RDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself! 4 g* d' o5 W& P) N, P8 V; k' p
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Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel. ; L0 ~; j+ _) h3 w9 Q! \
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange. 2 V# i* z" b4 U ^) E
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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