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发表于 2009-5-20 21:54
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5、学点西方谚语,了解西方文化 q+ D1 E* e! ^1 u1 C- | D
1)Man proposes, God disposes. - F! [3 c: H) h P- m! V
* I8 j$ g" Z0 {6 X7 C这个说法最早见于14世纪,起初以 “If man proposes evil, God disposes of it.” 的形式出现, 意思是上帝会阻止想要为恶的人。这里的God, 既可以指上帝, 又可以指天意。 就像我们常说的“尽人事, 听天命”、“谋事在人,成事在天”一样, 尽力而为之后, 还要顺从自然的规律。 毕竟,人类是自然的一部分, 凡事皆不可强求, 与自然的和谐是人类的生存之本。
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eg:
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. \& e/ ^/ u) m& g* UA: Bob, how about tomorrow’s driving test?Sure to pass,huh?
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B: I don’t know. I’ve done enough, I’d say. Anyway, man proposes, God disposes. I am praying for good luck. ) j* {, c* y. y
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2)It is a sin to steal a pin.
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该句的字面意思是: 即使是偷一根针也是一种罪过。还记得那句古训吗?“勿以恶小而为之, 勿以善小而不为。”冀望之切,溢于言表。不要因为犯的是小错就可以听之任之。 9 x1 {2 {! I# N, Y) j+ |
8 ~* v$ M$ h3 y3 Yeg: Honesty is the best policy. Never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin.
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9 R# j) \. N! n6 b& A2 u9 D) N# u3)If you play with fire, you get burnt.
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5 W6 y1 v* r V9 X1 e0 t4 C& q正如西方谚语所说:Fire is a good servant but a bad master. ' H/ ~& ^% c' x& Z! T
. x/ K% j4 ^. W火在人们的掌控之下时是人类股掌之上的可爱精灵:篝火给人温暖,烟花处处讨人欢心。可是一旦它的力量过大,就凌驾于人类之上,再不受人的掌握。权力亦是如此,当它逐渐膨胀不可收拾时,就成为一个暴戾的君王,统治人们的言行。所谓“玩火者必自慰”,铤而走险的盲目举动会招致无穷祸患。
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eg: The abuse of power has sent many people into jail, which shows that playing with fire could get you burnt. & l, R' e5 h% |( ]- S
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4)Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold.
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很形象的一句谚语。所有的菜肴都必须趁热吃,唯独revenge是个例外。“君子报仇,十年未晚。” l* T0 b% Q% o% Q
2 j/ d, N7 D' D) ]7 n; Aeg: He has done serious wrong to his friends. You just wait and see. They will not let him go scot-free. Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold.
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5)There is no smoke without fire.
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无风不起浪,有水才行船。任何事情的发生都是有前兆的,“流言”的兴起有时也不完全是无中生有。虽然说是“坐得船头稳,不怕浪来颠”(相似的西谚是“Do right and fear no man。”),但风起于青萍之末,一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀就可能引起大洋彼岸的一场大风暴。做人、谋事,谨慎为佳。
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eg: "No smoke without fire," said the detective. Q, m8 A- C& Q1 c% ^1 ], M
% I0 D7 J4 f4 Q1 s1 b"Smoke signals can be misread," countered Sloan. 2 I) d2 ^5 z. {+ S, _1 ]' t4 M
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6)Every dog has its day. 2 J: T1 \: ?5 q- }2 N
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这里的day,是指opportunities, 即成功的机会;而dog 则泛指那些地位低下、似乎没有出息的人。“士别三日,当刮目相看”,落魄的人若发奋图强,总会有出头之日。
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(又作All dogs have their days。) ( \$ ~1 o, V1 J, q
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eg: You must not look down upon him. Though poor and gloomy. he could turn out to be outstanding one day. As the saying goes, every dog has its day.
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3 r# I! }! {, y7 Q7)If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas. - A I2 @+ L4 l4 ?( p1 H
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这是一句很经典的谚语,也就是我们中文里说的“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”。 在这条英文谚语中体现出来的只是“近墨者黑”的一面。虽然中文里还有成语“出污泥而不染”一说,但环境对于人的影响仍然不可小觑。
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+ K1 P; l' V/ p/ v: a8 me。g。 -Harry! How come you’re back so late? Where’ve you been? ' E3 s# @7 s) o+ ]
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-To a friend’s? Just for a glass of liquor, huh? You’re going to be drowned in liquor, I’d say! If you lie down with dogs, you’ll get up to find yourself with millions of fleas!
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8)It is easy to find a stick to beat a dog.
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: G8 D- l% C% V. `人非圣贤,孰能无过。人们总会犯一些错误,也许做者无心但观者有意。有些小人,自己抱残守缺,不干实事,却挖空心思,找别人的缺点和麻烦。欲加之罪,何患无辞? 7 ]; Z$ D8 m0 O" U1 J" ^
1 N' `4 W" G( h: Beg: -Did you know that Jeff’s been fired?
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-No. What for? 5 n1 {! H2 Q3 `! ~/ I D, c
: d: P7 T, y) e-Jeff sometimes had ideas different from our boss’s.
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/ z3 \: O1 n& a+ y+ d-Yeah, but Jeff hasn’t done anything wrong, has he? 3 u3 x" _9 a! {. g* r: i0 x/ `
& Z$ _7 y5 e) }' w; C% g7 V/ l% e-Well, boss is boss。 It is always easy to find a stick to beat a dog. . ]) I7 n! f' ^: Q" \) c* H
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9)You can’t teach old dogs new tricks.
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5 m. t/ k0 g3 T. ?4 y; H1 s: u这句谚语说的是:人老了思想容易僵化,对新生事物很难接受。 7 R# U% I7 i) @, O4 ]6 x6 t
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eg: Don’t forget Wang is already 80. At his age, you can’t expect him to learn the tap dance. You can’t teach old dogs new tricks, you know.
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& |# v: _3 y6 B! T4 O$ C& E/ {: t从以上的几则谚语我们可以观察到中西文化的一个有趣的区别。西方人经常用狗来比喻人,如,lucky dog(幸运儿),因为他们并不歧视狗。而在汉语中,有不少涉及狗的谚语和成语都是贬义的,如“狗改不了吃屎”、“挂羊头卖狗肉”、“狗仗人势”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”等。当然,英文中dog一词有时也带有贬义,但往往含义与中文不尽相同,我们使用时切忌望文生义。如,It is a dog’s life Chris is leading。 某位教授认为“a dog’s life”的意思是“悲惨的生活”,因而在一篇论及中英文化差别的文章中将其译成“过着牛马不如的生活”。其实“a dog’s life”指的是“争吵不休,过着不安宁的日子”。这类成语很多,如go to the dogs(每况愈下),dog-eat-dog(狗咬狗的,损人利己的),dog in the manger(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)。还有一些没有任何褒贬涵义的用法,如dog days(大热天),doggy bag(餐馆里的打包袋),据说,早先人们碍于面子,不愿明说要把剩菜带回家吃,佯称要带给狗吃,所以叫doggy bag.
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上面四条西方谚语都可以在汉语中找到相似的表达,但下面两条却全然不同了。 * a& @) n+ Q. |- d
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10)Lightning never strikes the same place twice.
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4 Z6 R; R d7 A- Q( d, b# `" m“闪电从不打同一个地方”,与我们说的“福无双至,祸不单行”恰恰相反,这也是差异的一个有趣的体现。
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eg: -How were your exams? All over? , P- W) V8 C" O: _, g" M
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-I really don’t know. I did rather poorly last time. I hope I’ll do better this time. , K# @+ M6 i9 t. m- d, S4 g
, @ Q @, c3 ^-Come on, don’t worry about it。 You are sure to pass。 As the saying goes, lightening never strikes the same place twice.
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11)One swallow does not make a summer. 9 p/ h2 I k) L3 B' F2 K) Q
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swallow 是燕子。西谚说,一只燕子飞来不能代表夏天的来临。而中国成语却说, 一叶知秋。两种说法各有其智慧。“One swallow does not make a summer”强调的是要区别一般性与特殊性的辩证哲理; 而“一叶知秋”体现的则是从细微的端倪窥见总体趋势的睿智。
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% ~6 f9 `5 k w& h) x" y2 a) teg: -Hey, look! The scores are already 2:1!Liverpool is sure to win, I bet! 7 I3 m7 s( L; u/ ]7 j1 V
2 \1 c4 R) F P& J, x" a, r0 D-I don’t think so. One swallow does not make a summer. Miracles always happen the last minute. |
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