 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The1 B' `7 L& j5 Q; S5 k3 |+ ~1 T1 t
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 I/ K1 s( y8 J, `" l, m- n, w" Q
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; G" G2 V; u, }) ~; c- c, Gand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial% B: d+ d8 E4 ]2 Y' f3 Y+ N' ~/ A" n
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" l2 B' W% i( [3 lretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).' p0 f: y U# Q/ {7 W& h: \
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 N$ B, [, s* |* n) r[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
4 \' U; W5 T# Q(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
* u% G7 [& ?9 u! \/ {0 G9 M1 b T' }* Qretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on9 ?7 |# V6 e" `4 C& k' N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 R3 d( B4 E- R3 S1 J
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
% G% L$ Q1 W& @2 w1 z8 W4 \; xsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
) K) e3 H& Y9 `8 J3 N" C" Tsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
, U% S) d# d! yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" e' N. g% l& V) h
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,/ |3 j- G. d& K1 ?: V
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ t2 x* E* @5 J5 U! N, h) L3 a* _ e4 C+ C5 d9 ?" V
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)5 ?) b/ R5 e7 b, Q, F# {6 [. ?
and American speakers of English, |
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