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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
6 N+ B" e0 t8 D2 }0 s1 f! Q. {" l
3 g* N$ u: L. u! SProof: ' a) s. e" I1 q% H
Let n >1 be an integer
4 U5 O, I' O8 M2 d$ C! uBasis: (n=2)- r" c2 f$ U+ {. {) c5 p4 U
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 35 s2 d; A" [' f" |
5 ?% ?6 i) `0 OInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
# r, T4 ]7 P% n6 e. r! w; k+ o K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
8 T e l0 i& Y4 P3 w4 ^$ _" e i- q5 J- ~- q% U: E4 O
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3' B: D' R2 ^* p" H
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
4 C0 `, i7 S8 sThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
) S, D4 h0 [& P- E. D5 b: ?% }- b = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K6 w1 Y2 O7 ]! I9 K7 S$ N c
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
! P2 r2 [$ r c8 e! F l = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)4 N/ a% L& N ~+ m6 [
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
' n& [, w# @0 V/ T) a0 PSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 S/ P% ], P9 ^5 n" _" E$ e3 ?# G
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)4 n" K! C# F9 O$ ^3 a
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
. r5 K3 {2 i# c6 \' ]+ T5 @
: I# F6 B, s$ Y7 a& w+ N5 lConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.1 n, m# ~5 }. w. T
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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