 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 b* ~2 v% d2 I* Q+ b' q
Formal Statements
4 i: [( G* k; R$ P 1. Public Speeches
: }0 ^$ J0 I0 _, g 2. Letters of opposition or support. U& v( \, A2 A3 m1 z- l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 M; y6 D& f/ q/ _
4. Signed public statements1 r6 Y. |8 O5 i1 d' A$ v: i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 G$ q. N$ [& m5 G
6. Group or mass petitions: G" b% f0 B" y5 i( S
* M) K. g9 h6 P+ sCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 f6 N0 X; w/ w" p# |; X r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 O9 e$ G5 E) F# u1 b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 j5 j: e, \; K9 J o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 K+ {6 S, s( b. ~$ S1 x# x, q 10. Newspapers and journals
( K' C6 {: X/ y 11. Records, radio, and television
2 X* C4 c- d6 } 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- W; o' s6 |# t! X d8 D
) O3 j9 r3 ?4 Y* y5 yGroup Representations
; R9 n f l- V: H _ 13. Deputations
. U: q# Q7 a- Y 14. Mock awards! @; G4 |- W1 @& l5 `, d) v
15. Group lobbying$ U) f: ]" f* O5 C
16. Picketing
" d4 Y* k2 |7 g 17. Mock elections7 K' A! c( ?% q) L4 O3 o
) B2 `8 R# @3 I f8 H# BSymbolic Public Acts
4 I. s. u- E& b, k, l: u 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 {$ o4 G+ }# ^; v) \ 19. Wearing of symbols
- B# m W) n1 O9 z7 [- N 20. Prayer and worship
9 d# l1 l- v: C; m% Q1 }) @8 ]" \ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
, }9 c6 Z! |7 L" R) K2 ~ 22. Protest disrobings2 R$ T1 o5 x$ G& K6 c2 V2 ?( C
23. Destruction of own property& A0 y( N. |% _# ~: D8 |, ?: Z
24. Symbolic lights
+ g- h, y* ?$ a 25. Displays of portraits
7 h S' d! ]. G/ D8 C) P$ C4 N 26. Paint as protest
" Y! z3 U3 N! F( k7 t1 g 27. New signs and names6 n2 d1 K; p+ f, b
28. Symbolic sounds1 P! |1 W; c) v6 I6 h
29. Symbolic reclamations
( K! ^( z" V# D0 X- ?4 b 30. Rude gestures
" [3 g- D* {% _9 L6 l3 Z8 M! Y* p
Pressures on Individuals
* m9 D9 T4 R" {, W/ p7 t 31. “Haunting” officials E \2 c( c: J4 Y6 B% O
32. Taunting officials: g( I7 b1 y( @9 a4 v1 R
33. Fraternization- ]0 f5 n1 i2 d; z8 [
34. Vigils" `+ c, g; U3 B" u7 w! t! b
5 ?' ]8 D9 q. n5 b6 o: k7 \Drama and Music0 m( }% R# u# t! y; f0 ?+ _( g. f6 H
35. Humorous skits and pranks! K4 j0 }+ t2 c n( v
36. Performances of plays and music& j- {8 N$ V5 T( s
37. Singing2 r( @ m, b) S s j; q
( V y' _/ \( ^- u5 N
Processions
: f, E* f4 O' t" J$ M 38. Marches
; g) E; z* v p0 n3 o+ Z8 r( Y 39. Parades
; @; A( X+ p `' | 40. Religious processions
3 ?4 J5 E2 _5 Q( t, v+ n 41. Pilgrimages% x4 q! |& V$ [6 L6 @# t
42. Motorcades- M. ~8 \" K' G5 g2 c( b
+ C6 `. M, T# R; I( m
Honoring the Dead* Z2 N& [9 h/ q( \, x/ k
43. Political mourning" Y' _/ a4 j3 K9 I& T9 J; {
44. Mock funerals
; d* x8 N& S2 e+ A% n) E# Z 45. Demonstrative funerals/ E; L7 C; t1 m% F* W9 h( m; ~
46. Homage at burial places, U4 m4 L5 I$ J! ~7 f# M4 z
4 I: z) r" _5 p+ S. ePublic Assemblies
4 Z& b- F# U2 n 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 d" Q7 P/ q- c& A2 m7 [
48. Protest meetings
/ H' @( | [( K$ B8 r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* f4 ]4 A0 `4 W8 t& X# h
50. Teach-ins
s- x7 E- @1 w8 z$ O6 B! w1 I3 c* C% j+ G7 |$ A
Withdrawal and Renunciation) V8 Y$ Q8 J; I+ k
51. Walk-outs
, j1 @ ~$ X: ~* X7 R0 m- J0 E/ W5 T1 b 52. Silence9 w8 q) ^( e/ c1 ?2 q% Q& V8 S
53. Renouncing honors" p' `$ O# }6 G& H. Q
54. Turning one’s back
& n, a: R; w* {0 L% G+ v+ y! ?8 `2 \2 ~# v
9 X h; p5 ~/ N* w5 o- t! H3 c! t
$ g8 P, I+ |+ u3 R' N) R' YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) G1 g; r# q7 |4 m! D2 H" [- W% Z) L1 j! r9 v- j* S
, v! y c7 T, h! O" J. C6 d5 v( ~) L( |7 k# y6 N
Ostracism of Persons
0 i& N# ~( S( b4 Z% |4 T6 o 55. Social boycott- F+ ~2 l$ f V7 J
56. Selective social boycott+ u U, l, H) i1 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" Q8 F$ n* X" m8 N! w 58. Excommunication
$ Y+ ~7 O, {& ~; w/ _$ o4 q+ f 59. Interdict
# C/ U) B+ e$ t: I8 R2 [
, M. Y8 U1 Q5 t4 m0 gNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; R& w( `! B; r% w g* r: h
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ F! b3 L- @' z6 }7 {- j7 Q% T 61. Boycott of social affairs
- |9 ?4 w4 B1 ^/ y0 N 62. Student strike
1 n2 R& J0 T Z! i7 c 63. Social disobedience+ k9 W/ u* @3 ]1 r" Q9 H/ [
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
N5 G" E* L9 l9 t4 m, \1 ?9 Z9 g' V) h& J4 ?
Withdrawal from the Social System2 [8 a7 {# O. d# [
65. Stay-at-home! H9 N0 C Z8 N6 X% r
66. Total personal noncooperation& R- g' u" u& b1 d6 U* u/ p8 w
67. “Flight” of workers
! C5 [ C) O7 q( t 68. Sanctuary ~4 g9 A) F7 }5 C a
69. Collective disappearance2 i: f! b& s, ]# a1 R. W
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): _% L) t7 K0 o3 G0 b' S7 c
- Q; }4 u& h; p9 u& S
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4 F2 c+ C3 ?% m# u B3 C8 `" x* GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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8 ~& Q% x5 M4 G7 h1 j( OActions by Consumers$ [' r$ u. S/ }0 S1 q, J% C; z: c
71. Consumers’ boycott ~' q, [- x% ^) P
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) T! P( X, t, ^' L. P! N1 ^3 u 73. Policy of austerity
% W2 i! s% X/ n H* ?1 a0 B r 74. Rent withholding4 z5 ^9 w2 c+ J9 l/ a8 \
75. Refusal to rent# j# R3 _. E# d1 D# T' Z5 N
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 h# k( r% I# \) X5 V) R7 D* R3 L$ X 77. International consumers’ boycott3 w$ a) ^1 m. C
% T2 O6 ~8 n- ?$ `* Q
Action by Workers and Producers
' n+ E: M3 [: H' a1 t n 78. Workmen’s boycott! {2 J; O& w8 Y) t
79. Producers’ boycott
* U8 O* f' _* h5 P1 j3 s7 o& L5 f7 @5 r; P! e, ]9 `8 s
Action by Middlemen; z! S+ t( w" B5 N0 W) v+ E0 c
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 ^# }) {5 s' G
6 I: W6 p- b( v. R( E6 t8 o5 s
Action by Owners and Management
7 I8 @, S1 g) u; }/ |& `5 F" s" o7 X 81. Traders’ boycott9 N1 \2 ]( O! Z2 H5 ]
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: P( L% I' h# C 83. Lockout. j. v" }& Z3 B/ `( A: `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ g( v1 b4 E( E( U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ ^3 ]' |6 b* D$ g% o
/ [. p' y% ~. z. w+ vAction by Holders of Financial Resources
+ {5 t3 p+ J1 A+ X0 z7 G 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# ?6 t9 o+ s2 w. r+ ~+ e7 C/ j# F8 ^5 o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( I1 z& x5 J9 M1 i* d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- k7 E' [# u" Z0 ?; }1 A
89. Severance of funds and credit
# g/ A, a2 a7 M 90. Revenue refusal- n% a: _/ F4 o; @2 K& w& ~6 z& r
91. Refusal of a government’s money8 ]9 |2 H4 w' V3 ^
3 `7 ^& V- [* `$ F4 \- O& oAction by Governments
2 n7 }0 i# ^' w {' n3 z- Y% m 92. Domestic embargo
9 Z! F% p; P5 M0 a1 Q/ b$ R 93. Blacklisting of traders/ d, I' j# B; e' h
94. International sellers’ embargo% u& \7 Y1 L& O8 a: t
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 m! @1 D1 ~% Q9 e4 `; Z& g) f7 [ 96. International trade embargo
/ D" H" S# R; a7 h: k; N; R
+ A8 r k: q2 r# N7 N) i/ @
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0 y' E; t: Y. v! v, S" C) n7 yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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W g6 L: }; J
7 G# G! w6 O! g$ `# WSymbolic Strikes; G) m- n k* F/ e5 Y* R
97. Protest strike4 g; L/ k7 b. y+ e& O' j4 o) k+ B
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 f$ ^5 P3 {2 p" b6 |
+ u6 {* N+ b! H- {3 Q2 YAgricultural Strikes
4 I$ i% X) H. b 99. Peasant strike4 f. d& A5 p: S A
100. Farm Workers’ strike& A* x# [7 S6 D5 m
+ g |7 |- C; f3 b6 a( C
Strikes by Special Groups$ W5 g8 V- q6 t) p
101. Refusal of impressed labor( j2 c1 J' u1 C9 B7 N; d- b" V! `
102. Prisoners’ strike
% O- {3 I1 Y! @% ^8 O 103. Craft strike
& u9 g9 T. N" E$ C 104. Professional strike
. r% h+ U3 \% k7 ?" ?8 T4 x* Y
% z ^4 d4 G* E' T9 j8 aOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) q W+ l, Y2 e* Z% P$ O1 e 105. Establishment strike
3 c( o" A4 H2 C" Y" ?% e 106. Industry strike6 o( V$ |3 f- ^, T1 s. \' @; c; w
107. Sympathetic strike/ q# ~1 i- ~- |
4 k, O; z4 Z# \4 CRestricted Strikes
% @% J) s0 z- D 108. Detailed strike7 w; _$ g. R2 R Z1 }2 [; b! q/ ~
109. Bumper strike- z) u9 ~$ H. l" {
110. Slowdown strike
( X* ^. F$ K8 L& z6 s% H, m 111. Working-to-rule strike
" {. M% E+ f# K. ?& X% O# h: `4 c/ Z6 x 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* p# w4 V# u- F- V6 k9 k
113. Strike by resignation7 ?, E* f& V! t a0 ?5 H
114. Limited strike
( r, R' O/ n. n5 Q+ G Z+ Q 115. Selective strike7 e# Y3 Y5 P, x/ Y. t; v
! t' Y, n. P( c l" r2 O* w4 EMulti-Industry Strikes- x- L/ b: p$ v
* M0 Y$ y: o9 P5 _/ ~, b
116. Generalized strike
, x* s r) I0 J4 ]; G
9 Z! x5 L) q$ S! n; e2 e5 b 117. General strike1 e2 j% v$ J7 v4 h+ j
( v6 a) \% Z" u4 a1 k
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, U: K: n" w4 P0 V* ~, `
: x' ]8 h. h$ ]. G& B1 I 118. Hartal
4 C) R2 W! U* `3 s! z; b) B& r7 c
' m, u# D' M: }7 H+ O. ~, ^ 119. Economic shutdown6 M% _! k! S4 F6 a
4 B }7 \4 D, L) i c9 u% l% I+ B, w
8 f" Y& ]( z7 F, r; x6 k5 ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& y, P* z2 ~- i* u
" Y5 @7 a( P7 ?$ Q, n4 C, P F
7 F6 V0 i0 B( s% b: ~) t
Rejection of Authority8 y" `+ L, h" x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, v7 U/ d, m1 D. w& f8 e, H! C
121. Refusal of public support2 X U" R1 x* l; `$ C1 y9 r2 p
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( q6 l5 N& b) P* Q: Z" I! f1 J2 ?( h/ b& C' j" S3 ?2 R9 n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 _7 \+ K) G2 g3 M& u. ?" d8 M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 n; h2 l; Y; R# ]& t* G
124. Boycott of elections
9 z& l" J- f! P9 l2 o 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ ?$ a& V" }# U$ x
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 U j& x: N o, {& s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- z+ v* n) j- e. [3 u I 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( d, ~% }! _/ y& _/ q L q" U; e1 M 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 N, z, z9 K* G, K3 v! x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 v+ N' M p) E$ P8 ]1 d 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 ]- `' s) T5 e% m" k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 u6 M5 H4 C- V( m' h" V
' d0 W: @: u& S. q5 _/ DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, f" t) E! {7 s! E1 ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 S& @. {* ?* f- a* B6 ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& L g! f% E, y) w' o- f6 `; y
135. Popular nonobedience0 m( X, Z6 O4 k) [2 x
136. Disguised disobedience
" ~$ c! |$ t& S" y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- }3 r* A. w/ ]/ O3 I( m# {$ P. l
138. Sitdown
0 k3 `* }2 I5 B4 ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% z; X' d. N; \$ e/ J/ q% e, N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: S4 t) b/ K* m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% Z8 |/ T+ r/ Q9 b& I( r1 [+ d$ g! O
$ q7 r/ s4 o( t0 JAction by Government Personnel5 ^" h4 n$ R0 q9 K* a& ~5 x" [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ u2 L# W3 F0 c4 L3 I1 F/ J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% q, \" y& _- ^/ N3 P: D! ~
144. Stalling and obstruction
! y4 H4 ^2 q) z( L 145. General administrative noncooperation
. ? q1 E% v; v* ~! x! }( H& f
$ W1 }# u( ?' N9 z+ \3 G 146. Judicial noncooperation1 ~1 f m/ Y0 U* }& g
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ b" y' v: X( q 148. Mutiny
1 i1 I' L, t0 ~' G5 K7 [$ hDomestic Governmental Action
( c/ y% M5 A+ Y$ G" O' x' r F# W 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 m( w& M$ p, _$ [! f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; ?8 q* k$ u' I1 |. V
8 |; ?- C; q" Q) A
International Governmental Action7 l% t+ W$ {) H9 L* s# J b
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# n6 M- u: Y: M4 {* e( I6 ~/ l 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- C5 t' n1 L( a* W) ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# E/ `7 v: X/ E/ O- s
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# j' W0 [* P2 p& D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, u$ I, {! s+ b. ]2 }, S! ? 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. Q' I' T( {, p) {
157. Expulsion from international organizations( B8 V" [+ I5 K
+ D; t/ b1 [' Q
% Y# Y, ]) F& }% r( g0 o
! F4 X+ [. K# y5 q$ d& m( ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 O7 p1 c4 X! G% r) K3 [( J8 m9 B# w
6 g7 t8 x) |3 p+ i2 C* ^
# R A9 E. Z& L; a7 n1 n( G& g
Psychological Intervention
3 } z; k1 @( D8 |+ ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 a" }+ r B2 x* A% Q 159. The fast( T d& Q: `# M& L( p7 N% _, d
a) Fast of moral pressure
& q% V- e% \# o8 A b) Hunger strike
; S7 T" a: f$ E4 M( _+ p- Y- R4 l c) Satyagrahic fast
5 |; S: L( Y2 F 160. Reverse trial( y4 g( j% L7 B% D
161. Nonviolent harassment
( i# K% P: [" r H( J, b
" |3 c# S6 U8 A6 i; LPhysical Intervention
2 u b V7 l) P! e 162. Sit-in
x5 @4 _9 r5 l# s6 Q0 T( F 163. Stand-in. ]" A- t, v! L' T8 L9 v
164. Ride-in
. a P2 S( g, L1 @- h$ ~8 P 165. Wade-in! B% Z0 _5 g+ e% D8 I
166. Mill-in ?- f: Y4 @$ S( s
167. Pray-in' T0 t) D1 I- x/ j
168. Nonviolent raids" h; t( [/ `+ a" h3 E+ s
169. Nonviolent air raids+ h# t+ e2 Q+ f0 V, X5 g( b
170. Nonviolent invasion6 x1 b/ g7 Q# D& b: `
171. Nonviolent interjection# V( q. _: t/ `$ a$ w1 x0 I9 K0 D
172. Nonviolent obstruction/ G S$ Y2 z! W* `9 d6 r$ a
173. Nonviolent occupation7 ~, |9 H. C: K8 b
; D& T! z( N* F/ ~Social Intervention _' \5 P, G8 }$ j! U& s
174. Establishing new social patterns+ i) A1 E! O8 s
175. Overloading of facilities
( g- u0 ]( M& Y 176. Stall-in
! f& N# r v% S4 t; Z( D6 l 177. Speak-in
* a M; h4 ?) y, I- T6 ] 178. Guerrilla theater
: _! p8 y3 |! W0 R3 r) S8 f 179. Alternative social institutions9 _' Q$ |9 B% @2 l9 t! g1 |: f
180. Alternative communication system3 } y) B2 d2 [7 b) R
# S& G3 u: t: yEconomic Intervention
: @ H; y. |$ V 181. Reverse strike: ^! b/ r6 |6 v$ w$ y8 A+ D. \* M1 L" C2 b% u
182. Stay-in strike& D1 K# w" B4 ~+ Y; A0 s
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. Q8 e. @. }$ ^. N" l$ u 184. Defiance of blockades
+ q+ |& r, @; T4 H: y" x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 m1 W i; y$ H, {$ q/ k# B1 I
186. Preclusive purchasing; U6 `3 D$ k/ h0 ]& v+ t' q' F5 F
187. Seizure of assets
x7 U, d; a. F6 C" H2 y9 | 188. Dumping; ?4 ~5 j. U' h* e- r# t
189. Selective patronage
# L( I0 E1 n; W- X 190. Alternative markets* ~* \( g! I4 D! F
191. Alternative transportation systems/ g7 Q) {: _5 O2 U4 M1 Y' W7 k I
192. Alternative economic institutions' P4 v c; _% E) `! `2 `
L9 Q( s% ?: w3 v. J" R
Political Intervention
2 R) `7 Z) @5 | 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% m2 b) n% j& G0 y# n 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. ]9 _. B; C( G8 f+ |
195. Seeking imprisonment& B7 V5 d2 \! K3 x$ E1 }7 ^, B- U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. L) b3 U' O1 C8 d$ N- ?
197. Work-on without collaboration
. e7 }' g. x |1 I5 q. } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
