 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; y- v' W4 `, j/ m/ U2 f+ SFormal Statements0 w/ I- h8 ^2 Y, @+ V# A( \/ n
1. Public Speeches
5 D" @! L/ g) a7 J' q) D" Q 2. Letters of opposition or support
4 u2 o' a3 {& c# s 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, v$ k* M" y" m! B! a 4. Signed public statements# ^8 I' i$ [" u4 @, Z) D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, T ` `! T% ]" v! b h
6. Group or mass petitions8 L6 Q% Y2 k* k0 g
+ z9 ` g* P) A4 HCommunications with a Wider Audience
, q! }$ N( y1 [/ ~# B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- @; G$ N* S! D& c2 P+ s/ t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 V4 F5 z6 `) X9 G- M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' g3 ?/ S8 ~3 L1 b
10. Newspapers and journals% H3 H# z3 k: \ m, c8 d
11. Records, radio, and television$ Q2 J+ i% r" `1 D. C/ ^1 E J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 A. a1 }/ g, W; A; X
; p! ?" j: v t" x. [Group Representations* B: `3 K) u9 o$ C9 b
13. Deputations
) \; K( I; Q: {( w 14. Mock awards- O9 x! b/ O- }( z* c& ~$ {
15. Group lobbying {! A+ q, x; p. Q
16. Picketing4 |2 C: d+ {6 X! ^0 B' @' k
17. Mock elections
+ `& V7 l" K0 ?( J+ U6 M$ R2 E: O. M: ^+ D
Symbolic Public Acts
7 \: V: T0 T4 Q3 [* A5 P0 j# g 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; G( h3 N; ~0 k& y5 j
19. Wearing of symbols, }8 N3 |. s; N7 `! U1 L
20. Prayer and worship; D% q1 f: z6 b+ [% s$ O5 I
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 R' ^4 N4 e& }8 G 22. Protest disrobings- o- R+ b; z. t$ f& W
23. Destruction of own property6 O, Z- W# m3 C& {' F8 z/ Y
24. Symbolic lights* @" A( q% Q7 Y% }, f' o5 x* v; d
25. Displays of portraits
: C- f/ a% ?5 |1 C' j. n8 ]1 R 26. Paint as protest4 P P) V, p* ?% t
27. New signs and names8 {) I; b1 a9 M! B% t/ |
28. Symbolic sounds: \7 d% N/ l; i* |
29. Symbolic reclamations; s8 \5 a \/ j
30. Rude gestures
5 j0 E8 Y* ~: b' J4 ?6 U$ V
; @4 o7 A! h) W5 o+ HPressures on Individuals. e% G/ y, V. O8 T
31. “Haunting” officials: X% _3 J. Q1 P# p0 T% s+ X# P/ ?) w
32. Taunting officials3 [) F) w. y1 r
33. Fraternization3 w4 n. f- A2 H
34. Vigils6 J {$ @7 T9 L8 F1 c
, J/ W2 R: g a% N# gDrama and Music
) N! v9 K7 f; M( M0 D- c$ f 35. Humorous skits and pranks* Y/ _! a# g" T3 K3 q& B5 ^
36. Performances of plays and music- c% e4 Z% t! F! o5 Z
37. Singing
5 }7 `3 o" H3 [) B+ G7 F$ [& p8 P# g+ e0 |6 X6 {! l
Processions4 P& X* ~, U& g/ W
38. Marches- o" z/ ?" ^* A- O0 ], }$ v
39. Parades+ y7 N" o3 ?3 k4 K- _
40. Religious processions7 F2 p& K3 I7 ~6 S
41. Pilgrimages
) \& }; Z; p( \% [; K 42. Motorcades5 ~) c4 `* u! V. ~; J6 j
# @7 }. J1 {; ]- w9 J. C4 \Honoring the Dead
3 E, h$ i! Z! G L 43. Political mourning5 v. d5 K$ G8 [
44. Mock funerals
( L- j8 I; ~, k# T. s1 O 45. Demonstrative funerals, Q1 {6 _; q& v' ?2 n# r4 G2 x
46. Homage at burial places) u7 N# }$ C% k
4 R; v, A3 {' m) s% N& P0 PPublic Assemblies9 G% E/ P4 H* J D# ~8 Y# j
47. Assemblies of protest or support( Y6 T* B. h! w" X5 f6 P+ F
48. Protest meetings
# S8 H$ H* Z5 g& B; C) {1 u5 M 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 p2 x4 d; H$ F 50. Teach-ins
/ E1 Z: i0 {9 q; e8 _2 Q, s0 {5 p) u( D" \. o6 a7 n. P6 g) Y
Withdrawal and Renunciation
7 H9 j9 H; [/ H/ {* U- x 51. Walk-outs
+ m3 D8 g. {, u. G 52. Silence
" V/ w: Q( o+ P | 53. Renouncing honors
6 p( Z7 b8 W+ T+ @, l/ ? 54. Turning one’s back
( h/ ~/ V" C( h" l
4 S3 z* O7 ]9 t6 X4 k" O 1 m. d* m- \( b0 a, @* I
C1 ?- L) H* k1 c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 b' B4 U. `9 `0 j m6 S9 w, r3 L* P9 O/ M( `' {9 [& w
6 J9 |1 D! T F0 K3 d7 o* ]8 L; k6 f+ O0 J) U- i" [
Ostracism of Persons
$ {3 T/ g- w" M( m5 M4 i 55. Social boycott9 v# y: _6 i# b+ B
56. Selective social boycott$ E% F& n1 i d8 _% P
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& Q! N; `% Z) M 58. Excommunication
, D! b2 r: I. n0 Z- X5 E+ ` 59. Interdict3 b% n% S! @" N8 C% k0 A
` z0 K; [" H8 t& |$ M% x2 y8 i# z) z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ n7 l2 B/ k2 _8 E4 t1 s 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 ~7 L6 d3 I$ N5 {8 {
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ @4 {8 @0 H# n$ I8 I 62. Student strike0 K' Y! H$ p; ^2 T1 Y' j% j: e
63. Social disobedience j, `. ^# j' a( h
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" K0 X' d5 g" N! w; L1 W
2 ^6 V3 p( W7 h# c! w
Withdrawal from the Social System5 z0 a# w: ?, v6 A; M& t# ]' [
65. Stay-at-home
3 z% b* ~7 E- i2 g* Z* d 66. Total personal noncooperation
$ v2 d; c/ u/ M* ^) C7 j5 o 67. “Flight” of workers
1 |0 e: p& G+ J, F# F% N 68. Sanctuary
% r/ W) g$ @) E' C5 \6 E3 x 69. Collective disappearance& q2 }! O5 c8 ^% l% p# K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 b0 q5 M d4 t/ {7 D, y& R! D
6 Q7 R& z( R" ] + D8 q" o' `+ r7 E
0 y, x+ \! P8 [8 p/ w
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: B7 R$ k8 I" ^9 ^7 J" n0 B
: a M: J3 u) r, j) x& w7 p( @
8 o0 ^' d$ @0 X" b FActions by Consumers4 A5 V' d' R+ O, X9 _
71. Consumers’ boycott
- J# ^& J1 ^- m; ^# D1 ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- x- Y( ]* w1 m9 W
73. Policy of austerity) B5 P- E! W R* |, g
74. Rent withholding4 i; \ G I# `
75. Refusal to rent
) k! d, I {% Z& A 76. National consumers’ boycott
* B% f9 E4 t. l6 e3 c; @0 S, w# D; M 77. International consumers’ boycott
G+ n" \* P5 Z i
5 ~' g" }5 G: E: g4 U3 CAction by Workers and Producers
1 s5 w* B7 h# Q- C: I) Z/ ]3 ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott- A! |* G0 c. I5 C% Q) P' f
79. Producers’ boycott
6 G8 f8 H* J0 k% H$ d% Y; C: L# U7 t# U. P' T4 q
Action by Middlemen
! M Y% g- q1 I& M% @; a. R- H% ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 a1 P! B' T. h+ G9 Q+ g, K* |
9 x& _9 L* L: |# A0 ^2 o4 d
Action by Owners and Management
* v, T9 ^4 {' F. D4 z, c) M D% c- ^ 81. Traders’ boycott% o( I6 H7 g/ K5 Y) k
82. Refusal to let or sell property+ c1 g' K1 T. u' g
83. Lockout
5 D7 A. @9 h* W5 k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; l: X$ Z$ L* o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”: f) U8 \$ U3 n( e
4 \' c/ _7 y; A+ L6 i. w4 O" TAction by Holders of Financial Resources' p5 A$ `' C2 i" W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. i- Q- f! M0 b+ ^# X" p% m9 J. G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' K( d; t, }# ~3 f m* @ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, c" a$ U' Q, H7 B, R! y/ M 89. Severance of funds and credit
6 p/ c, h+ P! ` 90. Revenue refusal
. e: P9 F7 N- W4 a5 t+ I4 n 91. Refusal of a government’s money: C5 K' x% W1 a
/ y5 S. t. F: U
Action by Governments" @+ a, h5 a6 @& Q- A7 h* S
92. Domestic embargo
$ q; `/ U4 Z g* b 93. Blacklisting of traders
% R- l/ v$ K/ C9 n# t8 Z9 {& N 94. International sellers’ embargo" r/ P& q- R6 [
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ O! ^" Y5 [4 o& r4 C8 J 96. International trade embargo
: J9 y' c) I( ]3 M) v* x/ o
+ M x0 n" {0 O, y6 X0 H" ] * }$ ?4 h, T+ c0 Z& T
, A- |! t) k4 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ \" ^ d3 u& F! k. Z t0 T3 Z( J
; k# t4 w$ H! U0 e& z, @ / C: t& Y- o/ P, a
Symbolic Strikes: @9 v1 D) ^7 e* l2 n" Q
97. Protest strike: f c* m% k( b( e
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). E: X2 s! c; K* ~$ F4 T" J
* {# X8 ^0 e' ~" i1 T- uAgricultural Strikes
- X, O6 P- ~+ ^8 v( G+ i 99. Peasant strike% `) N4 n0 G" j$ h% j+ j
100. Farm Workers’ strike
X+ y+ P+ w2 L' }! ~
7 ~& w9 Y8 ` S% _. dStrikes by Special Groups
" f' j* i3 u2 K* a* l8 O- K& F+ o 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 O. A8 a' r+ m 102. Prisoners’ strike4 E0 S: R6 ]4 Q8 \3 P
103. Craft strike
) z- F" _9 ^: u" ^8 S 104. Professional strike
) Y5 x" ]" N& @6 |4 }5 }) E
- B) O9 x- `# h# \6 E' B- h3 n6 nOrdinary Industrial Strikes
; _3 a2 x' y% y8 R( u 105. Establishment strike9 G! a. e N" S$ u) z9 ]" V( o
106. Industry strike
/ l g9 N, ~/ i5 p 107. Sympathetic strike, Q7 G3 S- `- V G% A/ p- y
! N5 i7 n0 d( }1 `# S$ Y2 QRestricted Strikes
) _. R3 ^5 c$ c; t$ Z 108. Detailed strike' t9 i3 y/ @ _- g- I1 b- B
109. Bumper strike
& K4 t) ~: Q# E% D 110. Slowdown strike$ h2 n1 }% ?# R9 A/ A
111. Working-to-rule strike2 f7 \0 u5 F) O$ e: I# F v
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 T% p; s- K2 a0 q' _" o+ N4 \& \
113. Strike by resignation! U* k+ Y6 s1 b& c
114. Limited strike5 a* d, q5 U) k( {. A9 J+ O
115. Selective strike
4 J z4 F1 X1 Y' w- `& `; @* [% i" d
Multi-Industry Strikes
" N7 [; `* q- b( Z
1 [4 ?% C% E) z3 s+ F4 l 116. Generalized strike! w+ j. Z8 B) Y
4 c; x$ B. c# E
117. General strike- f5 Q/ P. c. }3 w: t
1 k5 k+ v" v1 @3 Q4 @/ ]" f. B8 G/ VCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures# T! M: D$ J" t7 i+ @9 J! W
# o0 @! c s9 @: K, ] 118. Hartal5 c0 G3 }! t) G) g9 a0 z" }4 g
0 w# I- W$ x: u! [5 U 119. Economic shutdown; M1 K3 a3 x, w# ~$ i. A& j
: ^6 i* ^/ ~, W7 S+ N: Y2 m- M
& {. y& T0 A( w, S( M+ ~ _3 Z
3 a7 w& n( M! A& B) N' h: `4 d% [: e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 s5 {, `0 A# E: C8 R6 n
; h J" c+ ~& Z; d4 Q8 d0 s i
& _3 Y- S- p. }% g& B( \* ]& ^- O
Rejection of Authority& d# [* S) h/ m/ |& g# e& _
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 f. F+ `& x% P2 n 121. Refusal of public support
6 o0 \6 S8 B1 ]+ d/ o Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 w. c( z" s8 n: ^5 n9 r8 Z8 w7 F
# A) F( h Y: q3 h1 p! P
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 H" \0 s2 }- p 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 v+ e! R4 B9 _+ G( g 124. Boycott of elections
% e% P, P' U9 W/ O9 f7 x 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ R) a6 ~' M, B' B9 [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. x; T% d7 g2 {* D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! O/ N8 S" j2 c$ Y6 M1 |! X 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ q3 A5 l7 K- i7 |$ R2 o% A$ R5 t 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, |, ?+ I4 |6 U/ K: L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 @2 D6 M$ l( S& C0 d1 U' A9 i0 {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
{7 C7 D# ` B* i R7 i 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 q8 X4 V6 H w# l4 g. n8 J) ]& Q/ [( G8 j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 }. X; G, R, a& s( x% {5 |3 j, I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance" o3 T, u% Q4 Q' C8 {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 I, t! Z, E1 S( u: t7 j. D 135. Popular nonobedience4 @/ Q; i5 R7 H9 y, p
136. Disguised disobedience! H$ f! j" R, g7 @, q+ C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( G1 x" a3 `# f6 D 138. Sitdown
6 v- b: ^7 k! ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
B. ]# c; D# Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. x& H' c' L3 L) ~ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 y$ v/ S A" D% j
& }& D& H7 H4 b& y/ lAction by Government Personnel
6 @0 N, ?2 I! i5 X3 D 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# `" j% r1 b" ?6 Q) T7 o8 Q; L8 v
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! y2 }1 K3 m3 u% M6 I/ Z
144. Stalling and obstruction
. d+ y2 K0 |3 G, v 145. General administrative noncooperation
% x. Q# r8 H; u& E& k- v6 d9 d0 v
146. Judicial noncooperation; o% E: I) c" Z4 Y8 n K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* B8 k# J$ ?' N% j" E, e& T 148. Mutiny* D6 ]0 U& v/ V2 {6 [6 o" Q5 ^% X
Domestic Governmental Action5 E+ ^, ~1 |2 r9 Q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 d, {* l" N" h3 t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( l1 _' h% I# F
) i6 ]5 o2 E& {3 hInternational Governmental Action4 ~; A& _+ L. _
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) |7 x( }* G4 P g* e' l 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! ? x& D* b% e3 O( F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) C, a7 n- k8 h* d% ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations+ Y$ C$ f2 h; P
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 [1 ]/ s4 |8 t$ \# b6 g$ Y2 \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 A" f7 w8 O- E5 m+ x) I
157. Expulsion from international organizations& `, R6 i/ k) d& l6 k6 r
4 U* y# v& y, [, i9 o
7 Y) ?: x% C/ ?' J1 k ^0 Q) z& e8 m) _# j" t2 V X
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ O2 f- X; g: W6 B+ {
* N" k& d7 G& e ; r- N2 S) | W' A1 J
Psychological Intervention$ j2 _7 e3 ~7 _ S
158. Self-exposure to the elements( _( G: X8 U( q, _
159. The fast
6 n( e: v3 [4 V, n1 G$ \* S a) Fast of moral pressure m( W+ V9 } @% B) I6 e
b) Hunger strike
' ^, J4 X. C0 A c) Satyagrahic fast M$ u! M+ J" h' q5 j6 B% d4 s
160. Reverse trial& O0 K- y& M( I6 k6 p" E
161. Nonviolent harassment6 P9 [+ ]+ p) G# Y5 K; F6 L( o$ N
; ] I3 a1 Y7 j* K
Physical Intervention
5 E2 t! I3 E; U9 F; b 162. Sit-in
: h, N+ B9 m+ M' n, ? 163. Stand-in
8 o/ w9 c W/ y1 Q 164. Ride-in, [; }/ f) Z! G [
165. Wade-in
; [( C; z' G6 p# x) s7 x* Y3 p 166. Mill-in
2 ~0 g* I/ [- P8 ^6 J( p 167. Pray-in
7 V( i6 [: X" g% w2 }7 I 168. Nonviolent raids' q" P& }/ {* C- z
169. Nonviolent air raids2 b6 [! r. q" t$ J4 \9 e! |6 a
170. Nonviolent invasion
3 D5 r+ A" V& a+ g. x2 z$ b8 Y 171. Nonviolent interjection. R5 C) d. z# Q# o& E0 `
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 i" \. M0 r+ o J( `2 _/ I
173. Nonviolent occupation* j4 e" ]5 \5 z3 t* H- B0 N* F
6 w0 h4 N; x- {* i
Social Intervention+ I5 r; I. Q1 r7 J: k
174. Establishing new social patterns
+ E- Z7 f+ U5 g1 y: r7 L 175. Overloading of facilities+ O, |# I7 H+ c' ]' t: P, X4 d
176. Stall-in( E3 Z5 @4 e9 `0 a' H
177. Speak-in
: F7 A8 W4 F+ M 178. Guerrilla theater. |$ S* i# n8 F: j
179. Alternative social institutions( r% Q0 d; K2 u& K2 Z9 q* n8 s
180. Alternative communication system5 {/ f" j% _9 K! @
; C7 K x- w+ U8 }Economic Intervention2 z, D9 o- _0 M; A7 P/ V/ H
181. Reverse strike
3 Q2 F8 m5 P: ^, ]4 _ 182. Stay-in strike
. l+ ^" C& s1 \& C, U# t 183. Nonviolent land seizure4 r3 z5 V5 j" z8 y
184. Defiance of blockades l( h2 t' z5 L3 ^ X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& M8 L3 X2 w5 a7 h5 f1 ~, [ 186. Preclusive purchasing
' C. P$ ` I- k, Y5 Y 187. Seizure of assets
( M3 w7 \# H- e$ {( W 188. Dumping. W& m |& w% ^5 q V
189. Selective patronage- ^' q: m2 u# i' S/ E
190. Alternative markets
# Y& @) G3 s1 E. E 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 o- F9 Q* H* W2 F7 Y 192. Alternative economic institutions7 ^: U- a. Q$ e$ `6 k4 Z7 {. S
; Q$ d' s7 ^7 Q) _- i$ C1 GPolitical Intervention7 ~/ s: i( K6 r" o+ Q# C# ^, T
193. Overloading of administrative systems! }' n* f* ^( m0 ]# `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
Z. X( E1 a6 b \" f 195. Seeking imprisonment1 b. N3 E$ p, A; J T
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 ~8 y* D, u: m4 r$ c: K/ A
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 ~* u( [# U* ]% O0 z. V 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 T* Z: C6 H/ z( q$ P; p" w, N9 ^: e+ }5 f8 S; f3 U9 }3 r8 |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
