 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( i* P. A- F- O9 d1 GFormal Statements B( D2 _& {: ?8 Y3 H7 ?
1. Public Speeches
. w" B/ H9 k+ e- W 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ z# A4 p2 D K- b! ~* Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& u" W3 S' H' K5 ]9 P u7 H* u 4. Signed public statements; \& E8 N" k1 B9 O* o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 E# t- q+ ]# K. s( Q$ P
6. Group or mass petitions
" s e: p9 S' C0 a- H% k8 q, X1 v N& ~% C$ A
Communications with a Wider Audience/ z8 z4 v7 n+ S! l( Q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( O% V- x2 X3 ?" c! l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- @3 B% ?5 X" m2 p( K6 k
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" [6 d" _5 V; Q 10. Newspapers and journals
' j, W2 D- m' ` 11. Records, radio, and television% X# l; D& ~# m9 E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting* y) ^+ p& ?! \4 A* s' ?5 M% t& ]
$ {, s( S2 ]/ B) s1 [6 j( f b9 d$ Q
Group Representations
8 K+ A0 E( t1 X4 R& H 13. Deputations
# u# i8 E* \( J4 a 14. Mock awards3 J& i3 N8 Y) t Y- [' r% e
15. Group lobbying- C0 u8 Y' I& |0 c% b# K1 V) B
16. Picketing
. H# h. I3 |( B" l 17. Mock elections
' d1 G0 c7 A# o+ [. d* ]8 H6 h. z, ~2 y
Symbolic Public Acts7 s. A8 W1 i9 M) M. p% q% e x1 F
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 k6 f& K" Q+ s% z* _/ | 19. Wearing of symbols
- b( [: T3 q9 K6 \7 G 20. Prayer and worship0 A* K6 P+ W- Q6 ^1 L! d0 |& s
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 g4 w& p. N, K1 f' ^7 p2 @/ { 22. Protest disrobings
8 s( B; c4 F( K1 b: q/ w8 U' y 23. Destruction of own property5 v1 ^ a) Q( y5 T$ J
24. Symbolic lights
6 u, s' {; i1 _! l 25. Displays of portraits
. k( J7 r2 u0 f7 E& R 26. Paint as protest& ]3 r D% `; K$ K" ? x
27. New signs and names
) t1 J: n2 B7 n$ l 28. Symbolic sounds* `1 Z1 p: b4 l; d* j- w9 }
29. Symbolic reclamations
! F0 Z0 T% b' B6 M 30. Rude gestures- g. C$ r* G5 m! ~) u X3 u& o
* J8 i6 _* l( |& hPressures on Individuals- f1 j& X6 v- o2 i+ Q. F
31. “Haunting” officials
4 e1 B- r' L# ^' w 32. Taunting officials+ T5 I/ \' B4 `0 Y+ p
33. Fraternization
* l5 K% @1 ^! B, H$ R$ t% E 34. Vigils4 d. f L, a9 _( B% z5 V' G
/ a: @, V" v- x. {
Drama and Music0 t% }* u1 }; u) H3 E+ K" @4 H. ?: j
35. Humorous skits and pranks
- P1 `; d" `" J5 r 36. Performances of plays and music
; D9 y7 c: ^( W* B9 `7 E 37. Singing* p; V% W( h1 B
) Q8 c% a* B' Q: C# j
Processions
% F! g& o0 u1 B, \ 38. Marches; x0 Z$ Y, U4 x, @0 V+ V0 |( ~ p
39. Parades
@* T8 j' ], [2 R 40. Religious processions
3 v' S: X6 \. S) j 41. Pilgrimages
7 p9 {# S- Z2 ~1 w! w5 S 42. Motorcades( A: J1 P: y" x1 ?$ g! \
& P: O) C }& k2 A7 R5 o/ j6 d, x
Honoring the Dead
) J0 j$ A/ q! N% q) I 43. Political mourning# U7 n1 r }) O
44. Mock funerals$ T1 j( U3 f7 Z# X
45. Demonstrative funerals
) F+ C' s5 Y) U( [ 46. Homage at burial places8 x5 ]& f1 A- Q
; r" `4 i7 B" l% ePublic Assemblies8 }+ f' b" P1 s, [8 S# u" W% C5 B
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 ]2 {+ v) K' }: O+ b1 o# t 48. Protest meetings
\0 g5 z# T+ x2 X- q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 p- d, ]6 p. l% i- b1 n. d6 h, u. V 50. Teach-ins
4 S9 c9 |' e) j7 G" \9 U4 v; v$ C6 `8 J9 c
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- B6 y1 U6 N( _7 d. ? 51. Walk-outs% @: V0 V5 c% M# X( M! C+ j% j
52. Silence
1 F6 N! V1 T( u3 N/ \( s8 g 53. Renouncing honors3 E% o- b+ s% J3 V8 |( w2 D- A
54. Turning one’s back
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/ n y% X3 |) x$ g7 U ! t2 E0 A1 `0 F2 g
1 p1 V6 C j& A& Y0 ^) }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ ?/ W0 _: e& S
% I7 H5 Z1 U6 k: V+ G( e. B( L : F, d3 \" t8 G# A O2 o+ q T1 p
) n) d; R9 A X4 \Ostracism of Persons
& I2 U, ]4 X1 ? }! v! T 55. Social boycott2 K/ Y/ v- C% K9 W8 f$ Y0 `3 {
56. Selective social boycott n& X: z) c, d- x, d% z5 m5 @
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ s* q9 K1 j D' G: {6 [' r
58. Excommunication6 U: a9 ~) l, \# j4 J8 C! {) N9 D6 r
59. Interdict G, t- z! p0 y$ ^+ h+ i+ M+ {
8 \' h( ~# u4 K a$ U: Z( q3 ]4 s
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
w" A. O' p# I; r3 ^0 G1 g/ ` 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& q+ N" z( u E6 C: G) D
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 _8 q) f, M) B 62. Student strike7 w. _6 S; O; j* W
63. Social disobedience9 j+ M+ ^8 U& }$ i8 Q5 S3 {
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
A! h" | u! T' a
) b5 j: m: Y* ?* p0 x$ n$ I7 |Withdrawal from the Social System
" q0 X4 N0 B) O; J# c 65. Stay-at-home
! B' n6 \0 X5 ^. l 66. Total personal noncooperation
3 \" p, W* U( `9 h 67. “Flight” of workers
+ i n4 l/ |! d _6 C* K 68. Sanctuary- n- M/ g/ o' S o+ r6 @ F0 h
69. Collective disappearance# v/ y z$ m+ w; ]6 M3 ^ c
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 s: ]) W e) o6 t5 I$ Q
+ J2 K2 r% O) H; n+ u1 Q
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: L U; {8 {' E: T. ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) w$ v7 Y0 m! H- a6 V4 j" y& d 8 w! Y2 n' Y* a: S/ }
Actions by Consumers8 \ k, W+ }! ]0 H8 X. P% N
71. Consumers’ boycott$ a0 s, v, Q0 s; \" g; v
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" _5 ` ~% ^0 F! V
73. Policy of austerity
, v7 U+ a: G2 F0 I" {- C 74. Rent withholding; Y; D, S) i9 Z4 R0 `. i8 N$ T' k
75. Refusal to rent" s, X/ Y: v3 u9 Y. F0 E, ]% C0 D
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 W j' `! j" Y! r1 A 77. International consumers’ boycott
- H! h E/ n, ^( I( X
& o0 _8 O) F! d, \9 ZAction by Workers and Producers
6 K" G$ @1 [4 s8 ` 78. Workmen’s boycott- \2 W& p3 M7 T1 a( y
79. Producers’ boycott0 f, a z `+ {- ~6 A, B
7 `9 O# l% [8 ^Action by Middlemen
8 k: H2 b; Z( u9 R" A1 e q7 R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, e3 w/ |. J! [ O! s ]) @
+ q! m8 _& G& X. WAction by Owners and Management
/ @8 W# s w' H4 Q8 J) i 81. Traders’ boycott
5 H2 ]% j1 B; j) X8 N' s 82. Refusal to let or sell property4 m( }8 Z" J2 M- M* r. s
83. Lockout
% I# K5 g1 U6 C. l 84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 q9 A* E; c" Z+ O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 D; \4 o1 p0 c e" C
5 O2 P- y. Q* x$ g
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
* Z) D5 ^) O1 c+ @/ U/ ~* X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ s7 X! \6 |1 R& H& U$ e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* _ h6 L( |6 \, F- p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. r- q+ I1 o l; W, E2 i% u
89. Severance of funds and credit$ A7 R( R' U5 A1 N: o9 l
90. Revenue refusal7 q) w0 h1 s+ I2 C0 d
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ S L E2 H8 v* Y+ ?& f
' K- z, A$ l4 i- e6 W* y, E) p9 `$ i4 |Action by Governments" X( o2 @" Y2 f, g$ |4 l* d
92. Domestic embargo+ a# p0 n( l+ O6 e
93. Blacklisting of traders h( r' r0 o1 \& h
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 y: v7 o4 b( h4 S, _: p9 x 95. International buyers’ embargo, v6 V4 \4 n0 X. V# o0 p
96. International trade embargo
3 J5 l: V& a7 @! |% O) y# X% d) ^& O! m' y; _
3 L! J) ?$ {* f2 k' j3 i1 r5 z
, f, Y% a$ m% d& \) o4 u0 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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% I$ f" a# f& v7 Y0 [: _9 J" E
8 L& V" t$ f+ K4 `2 D( uSymbolic Strikes9 U# b' ` B( N: ^/ F
97. Protest strike
) E( m, v- j9 K2 R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: B; A2 p0 x m8 n( X" m1 N2 x6 Y6 I K
Agricultural Strikes1 f) l. f4 Q5 D" A! d
99. Peasant strike
8 @% s, u- `( q) U2 t" R 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' n& A' E9 L3 ^: M
3 G2 N- \0 O& KStrikes by Special Groups4 O5 L) h( n3 R' g3 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 L! E, F c9 O9 u 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ ]$ n; V" g7 q# e q& a 103. Craft strike4 C& \/ I8 S) I% |0 g! w4 n |
104. Professional strike
5 z" r: D* x, Z1 [) h! B, }5 l/ f; o4 A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ |; s5 O0 x, {- y; k; t! @/ ]
105. Establishment strike
0 Y. K; t* u1 l 106. Industry strike. X- e: }. Y9 \( `) k+ g3 P5 V
107. Sympathetic strike
A! s9 M9 ~& ~. l: m( F1 A3 E1 J+ z( [0 b) d" O8 R
Restricted Strikes; k1 K, ? A6 I
108. Detailed strike g: T( _" x5 q0 p( o4 V1 H7 c
109. Bumper strike
- w1 ~1 H; U7 r# [; m$ } 110. Slowdown strike
; G( e' ^$ d% ?+ a& }( \ 111. Working-to-rule strike& z: ?3 P' E; O7 {: D2 k" X: P) _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& m2 O3 [3 @: L$ j; q8 h( e
113. Strike by resignation! s5 [3 u4 g0 i
114. Limited strike
F. B/ B3 V+ ?1 B 115. Selective strike
1 @. z9 E+ w& {. s8 J
7 h" p, C0 q% Q( PMulti-Industry Strikes
a2 L! t, ?% f4 J |+ \( A- K2 ^ p4 m8 x( e& r/ Q
116. Generalized strike) K3 p r/ m# v/ |- U' r
/ @- t1 f& c! R( w: x0 w 117. General strike
n, v! m: n2 i2 n
9 [0 g" i# R6 t5 b8 mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ ] t5 O2 d( x# c( L8 v0 L
- A& Z; L3 J4 {) c b& Q 118. Hartal6 @" \1 ?& v0 Z/ m* [' v- h
+ k- c" ?2 @! g7 V, [ 119. Economic shutdown* R; b7 h f. g. i r9 q3 y) \4 H
# U1 R# c! {& ~+ L: q$ k6 Z% v# m " z2 l5 O1 T P( n8 }9 _+ h
4 w0 i6 X( u' w2 yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& V3 \2 k$ a0 i/ S) C6 `
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Rejection of Authority
) p0 g1 p% x0 `; \2 a5 [3 v 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& A9 T2 z5 f: [ 121. Refusal of public support
) C, d" A9 i+ X* I0 x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 c& T% d* E& F9 @! j$ i) r+ _
% y- T8 d0 ^, A4 \* X) y3 BCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: R4 M$ h0 v/ {; b' E$ a 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% _1 H# F! c5 ^8 w% k& q
124. Boycott of elections1 P3 ~3 _' _9 K$ r" T1 ?
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 j: f) b8 P; f4 a4 q0 \' v3 U* p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& ~6 a' L2 H3 B9 Z) e
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 v( R0 u7 a1 o3 f 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations W( P; b+ \+ ?% H" ~7 s7 ~* V
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( O5 ]3 L" R: _% Z) ]6 B1 n: v 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( M- y: n$ O1 h) p- k% _6 u% v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( ]; L) ]6 ]- c$ J z2 f. `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, P6 G, c7 g- z2 z, Y4 W
/ d! f3 e% w( y2 M8 KCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% |# M) g I! G9 `9 \/ o# g 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 B" J6 i5 r" y1 Y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! N0 G5 A: R" f, J
135. Popular nonobedience
- ~; N: W0 n& c" N/ c 136. Disguised disobedience
% y% b* A% U) L/ Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ d( n1 f. @% V! [6 v% v2 Q/ q$ L' f
138. Sitdown+ A2 D, ?/ s1 G$ n3 A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 S8 _, w4 K* |$ Z6 a 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 |9 a+ _" Y! i4 D$ X
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 y4 @8 }' T" S& V! f3 o, `
/ \0 e V/ z( \3 P1 e, OAction by Government Personnel2 j: f( N$ v4 U, ?% q5 `3 g6 V2 T; c
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: k9 u4 o" |; F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
m/ }' {3 L6 k1 V# _& ]" W5 j 144. Stalling and obstruction- i: A* {: u# ]+ C5 h
145. General administrative noncooperation8 C. @$ i' @6 z
3 P% ?: i+ H2 l; J8 j6 L9 {
146. Judicial noncooperation0 b0 X9 J1 H4 |- k6 Z. f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ A" y* Z8 C& g' s% o8 b 148. Mutiny
1 l9 y' C& Q* s( Y8 |8 sDomestic Governmental Action
7 ]% x% j, S/ l 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; V, t# F& i1 K# t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 d4 c) |2 Y* s _8 d& v. M
. D5 e$ Q8 X* s' ~* F+ o# k$ ^International Governmental Action; t8 c: b1 e A0 G) B) C
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 w% n3 Z' c1 O4 r$ _
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! R. ~2 \% k' g 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 ? f0 K3 ~& [/ f 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 ?+ E" s# ^+ _2 V 155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ s* Y$ f# u0 e$ D9 G
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: r. E% v; z/ W
157. Expulsion from international organizations& r0 n# @- P! j5 e) S# _9 ~
$ A, ~5 Q% C; Y S, D" |6 f / [- P6 G7 v$ H5 O( l! `# N
6 R- G6 y! a" T+ s6 zTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 K7 @; }* d V' X& C& o$ j % m8 U( y1 C6 H. J& I. Q
Psychological Intervention
n& [- h& \4 m 158. Self-exposure to the elements: ?, x" C, S* m5 i- a
159. The fast
9 Q: m0 p7 g5 D) _ a) Fast of moral pressure1 s4 _- R' A- x3 l" _
b) Hunger strike
& m: Z2 I' n5 [7 l c) Satyagrahic fast
# y$ Q8 _# B% O3 M 160. Reverse trial
5 Q1 C4 z5 ^# ?6 V6 z- _ 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ b6 s5 ~/ c }) @3 j& Q' G& k! z6 H9 J* r% R6 ]2 A2 e2 [
Physical Intervention" o ]4 P8 N j c% t5 L& _
162. Sit-in
7 n p. k% E9 L5 @7 ^ 163. Stand-in
4 Q* }; u2 b( h1 z7 H5 h1 a: ~ 164. Ride-in
! F( {% }5 Y' V* H; m3 i9 Y( u, y5 A 165. Wade-in: k0 m& b) u6 j* }9 o; z
166. Mill-in- a# s; D& V+ G, |5 P
167. Pray-in
5 `! _4 X- u7 @ 168. Nonviolent raids
; N/ r! J+ o5 R& m; m! z4 r 169. Nonviolent air raids! r7 w# W8 _' t0 m% o+ r
170. Nonviolent invasion
* D' f! T( ]/ U 171. Nonviolent interjection- M: r* w0 L2 d$ z+ S4 d4 }
172. Nonviolent obstruction
C3 t \4 a, L! Q* G 173. Nonviolent occupation% M$ ?; q1 O6 d! [; Z+ m0 s3 O
0 M/ f6 f$ g DSocial Intervention/ n& U* d0 ~* T. B- N+ }& R
174. Establishing new social patterns, P; u9 m: i! v* I8 n' d
175. Overloading of facilities( ?: t$ I Q) t* O
176. Stall-in
2 s- B* H6 n; z2 H6 J 177. Speak-in, n1 f1 J- e; ]; d
178. Guerrilla theater
; X' d* ?6 x, K 179. Alternative social institutions
0 b$ o4 W- ]& a- G# N# e1 p& H 180. Alternative communication system; v, a9 P& a8 x1 p: G; Q; x
' y8 Z+ c- Y/ ~ H# b& i* uEconomic Intervention4 o4 h) q$ U; I) j. d
181. Reverse strike. J5 X2 U- C z2 ^' }. _ G, q8 L4 T
182. Stay-in strike
/ m5 p" g4 j$ h8 e, { 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) I+ x) ^, o5 O$ u$ t& Q5 r 184. Defiance of blockades
3 r8 y- o* u: e' \& G. Q' v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" J$ K( x9 g8 R# f 186. Preclusive purchasing* M, F' L6 h8 L" `6 a9 f @. M
187. Seizure of assets6 _ a a$ P& P p8 \# V
188. Dumping
; G' `3 _6 \) B- j" Q. V 189. Selective patronage4 ?/ O! }( Y7 D2 c7 F. i6 N
190. Alternative markets
% D, Q5 C2 w! z$ f- T' ~9 I# s9 |) C 191. Alternative transportation systems
# d- n: V2 D8 A' s 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention( n' m+ q' q i$ A& ?+ L' R) y7 Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems: @& d. J6 [4 O& C' ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 R3 D: Z3 m6 b5 f2 C* q- X; p 195. Seeking imprisonment* u, r: e5 G' D8 N+ s
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 o j) r, S* g4 P 197. Work-on without collaboration0 I1 K8 O' D" l1 R% {" `+ \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
1 ^5 J' t/ V8 O
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
