 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 [# V* D6 k* iFormal Statements
2 r* d/ H! z/ `* I0 K8 j 1. Public Speeches& f; {" u+ l; d( m0 g6 g
2. Letters of opposition or support
" ]! y7 @4 z# `5 z1 o, W) u Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 `" [" d; r+ M& u; `
4. Signed public statements
. l/ p( A* }0 J& P+ ?! w* o8 D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& y1 @" g; C/ w, l6 w( |3 R
6. Group or mass petitions
; j, N/ `& t8 i2 C$ d3 C* V, i
; q0 R; d* J ]2 `Communications with a Wider Audience6 G, z7 p( ? t$ H* w. Q2 t$ v
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# L2 X( k/ Q! ?. Y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ z _) r5 A X3 J& R' F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 z" q4 h" ^! B; c0 \
10. Newspapers and journals: R' N/ j/ c( f
11. Records, radio, and television
1 C) p7 X9 K' M 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' A. ^: w7 S& P8 F* s) O z; g+ R0 S2 p _: \. B; Q) H
Group Representations
; E- e# P( V: n1 \ 13. Deputations1 x4 R# r, X) {; a
14. Mock awards+ `( L ^8 Z( N6 v' Y* q
15. Group lobbying/ x1 |* |) m; s3 u) ?2 j) t- D
16. Picketing# F5 m& m* t, p! l
17. Mock elections
1 x% m7 d$ g, r9 c+ u' B+ u
, a7 j$ Y1 S. h7 @+ ?' ESymbolic Public Acts
~6 c4 j, [% o5 k- n( _ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. ~" M/ V! ]" _( I* k
19. Wearing of symbols
- G# k2 [$ R% A( r 20. Prayer and worship
% V8 c& [4 ^# F% a4 c, _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 R% \2 h6 A- g+ v' Q( K' A 22. Protest disrobings
+ t S4 ~/ X, A5 A0 Z 23. Destruction of own property
% o! u e% }( D" _$ ` 24. Symbolic lights
; y" D( \: w4 x3 n" l 25. Displays of portraits& B2 g# ~' U+ X: P( z% n
26. Paint as protest
+ d1 R0 d% Y# `0 e 27. New signs and names
2 f4 O. j1 o* \; i$ G% ^7 t 28. Symbolic sounds" w2 @: O8 p% d; s( u" n9 K) |/ ^6 Y
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 F7 i. E# Y: G3 T0 H5 l 30. Rude gestures2 n1 M- R) J, \: ~ y! y
" t& W( ^! V- t" RPressures on Individuals. a: o/ G; z8 c0 x/ z, `& M- H& g
31. “Haunting” officials( M0 n# w, H! w% D4 }
32. Taunting officials% ~ C% L; F* `7 @
33. Fraternization
8 E, _/ b& v) Z$ |* Q 34. Vigils' @! A# j& w" {- G, j0 n# ]9 O
2 a. e1 e( q2 O w* ~2 m
Drama and Music0 v T k+ V& p
35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 H3 R7 Q8 w& o" G e- ` 36. Performances of plays and music
' E- ]) z/ @7 w 37. Singing
* h# M, r. e, D2 Y1 q4 v6 W4 U1 r1 g8 Z. e$ p0 c& m
Processions( t0 K: C8 ^) z! P8 D* o
38. Marches
6 I! g, J& a z( W 39. Parades( l4 ]9 p$ i4 X3 `8 c( M( Z
40. Religious processions t' S8 ?" {0 o/ X4 O
41. Pilgrimages( |9 ]' d6 L2 @6 k* b: f [1 y# \! B
42. Motorcades1 E: Z4 V* R" }
4 _2 s4 i0 m0 f$ o, m3 d
Honoring the Dead
7 l0 N/ i# _( ~ M$ K$ I0 J1 h1 f 43. Political mourning5 A" X( Z- b: }/ ^5 b1 P; h% e
44. Mock funerals7 n1 j: P8 ?. d$ h8 Z2 y
45. Demonstrative funerals4 B4 D- s6 z' W: O, p
46. Homage at burial places
; K% _3 T2 [+ F
- I2 Z- O% [2 u- KPublic Assemblies( l) o2 f7 x5 R7 j
47. Assemblies of protest or support! A7 I; V, V$ H
48. Protest meetings/ E" t; d+ _# k
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ M7 f, p8 [9 X- a; @8 E
50. Teach-ins# F: C! R, s8 ]! J9 h% |
0 L/ D! @0 `; dWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 o- ]% o9 o- Q9 W* a 51. Walk-outs; R9 s. G' H5 M" I( I
52. Silence3 g8 o8 P4 U8 B+ C B' R5 K: u
53. Renouncing honors3 X# o% v$ e+ l v
54. Turning one’s back
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4 T! ? _! X* I }, ~% J
1 P1 L: `/ O0 m6 b3 E6 n, N
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 U. Z3 l5 r; m: P
/ x6 h2 O/ v) i1 S 6 I1 N4 i2 H, l; I) \% }! L" S! Z
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Ostracism of Persons/ V Y- f9 U; ]3 p6 s8 n! G5 [
55. Social boycott9 w5 c$ X' l) q5 `1 a
56. Selective social boycott4 ?6 e, y7 G# t6 M5 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction7 f' D1 M5 u# a; P1 y/ V
58. Excommunication5 R4 {1 u* R; R
59. Interdict
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4 s) t }) G% j! p3 C$ c) ?3 JNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: `7 N% o4 B! [$ I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' y: F3 A9 i" Y: w3 w 61. Boycott of social affairs
7 N& N9 \# a% b- k& K8 p+ d 62. Student strike
5 S% r1 T Z0 E; G 63. Social disobedience
' ?1 ?" w, f& A4 ] s 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, L; ~ S' P: v9 O& k7 W
" @ g' s! V' q& m
Withdrawal from the Social System
% I1 P: N; A& r) R8 N3 b 65. Stay-at-home8 u$ O/ n5 J& Z
66. Total personal noncooperation/ b1 N8 Q9 Q2 s
67. “Flight” of workers3 O) Q1 `* r" `/ T( e5 l X7 s
68. Sanctuary! z; G Z5 j; o9 J/ P4 ]" f! P
69. Collective disappearance& R2 K6 c" Z& _8 G
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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$ J2 D! L1 m5 z0 b, ^9 UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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$ }& k4 l3 |; N- N* q5 ~( J0 d
Actions by Consumers; ^ z# i+ e! Y; G0 \) ]
71. Consumers’ boycott- O3 N7 _ N5 D$ ~. B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
, S% Q: N; ]& B 73. Policy of austerity
% L" z& C' R! J' R& }$ s) d 74. Rent withholding
( l: F: p* C% L6 s9 Z3 M 75. Refusal to rent
- a" I& F' x6 D4 d9 l- i 76. National consumers’ boycott
( h' V7 t% q6 q 77. International consumers’ boycott
* c J+ c8 t0 N7 x1 r7 u- \1 g& `6 D
Action by Workers and Producers* D5 z) e; s3 A
78. Workmen’s boycott
N/ v' `. r6 J3 S$ G3 P( k 79. Producers’ boycott2 i& x, ]* ~0 E" o5 K
5 q% I' l+ ~$ k6 M+ rAction by Middlemen
2 B8 i: e( I. P) ^6 Y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! ?9 L8 H5 ^' g3 M6 v% H' p
. \7 i' C. O$ `' V7 L/ x' \Action by Owners and Management
& [! E# P3 l) p& ~% d z 81. Traders’ boycott4 W" a, C5 m1 Z, Y$ j4 D6 v/ c- R0 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: B3 H z; k& p( t 83. Lockout% @) K6 R, s& \$ D4 _+ n9 O Q; [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 b( y4 `; y- L3 f. C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) W2 c0 u/ D. q; Q5 N2 O& b/ o# s1 M
; X$ k# N9 v5 l: K, CAction by Holders of Financial Resources
+ Z) l/ M* G/ M. Q6 }) ]* v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ ?, P+ |0 v. t. c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! R' P. H( [/ j. ~+ i- P 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 j$ W& y" e, D1 H B& y+ V# u
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 h3 f, p' f1 h0 B% R 90. Revenue refusal0 s$ v5 K+ P8 }4 O
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ N, H2 d* F. r% W& ?4 Q+ k; |. T& @7 E
Action by Governments Z/ B1 F$ `- t6 P& }" B
92. Domestic embargo% _+ o& f9 p. F7 C" @
93. Blacklisting of traders
, W) _. C: D I+ h+ } 94. International sellers’ embargo; C; r* K' r, P1 J9 i/ m2 i: H
95. International buyers’ embargo) }- J& e# w' _* t
96. International trade embargo0 G, ?6 K7 `! j: D. K2 G' ?
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9 l X0 l' f& x& q m) e5 q# j" G
' T& n# U* S% E9 d U. @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 {! L/ _* J! f) M; m( `+ ~
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Symbolic Strikes
' d) ?% F* B" _7 ?* v 97. Protest strike
! t* d3 u/ ~0 n! ?& R" c' j* ]( w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( e$ R* U; l5 d6 {1 [
1 S* |6 ^7 _! \9 \
Agricultural Strikes* h) e) o0 | S& D. J4 i. T' x
99. Peasant strike
" t* X0 ]3 ^# ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ i2 Z- ?9 I* Z$ y/ v4 H, j6 t3 J: }: \# o A1 a
Strikes by Special Groups
+ A7 d8 J% W; Z0 ~, t; s 101. Refusal of impressed labor2 G! P( w! l6 W% U% u7 z
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ ^" X( S u: o, z 103. Craft strike3 @0 l, V& G5 f" E0 Q
104. Professional strike
) B* E' h+ X# g* [& X' n1 c V
4 E4 }9 P5 [. Y$ pOrdinary Industrial Strikes
8 P6 X0 ~ @, b0 s 105. Establishment strike
3 z. r( } W. Z C' o$ L 106. Industry strike
2 t% C& g `8 Y' i9 G4 W 107. Sympathetic strike
4 ]6 X. a; ]& A: H; b/ K3 m! F0 j) x& s5 m1 Z& R$ ] A
Restricted Strikes
2 b6 Q h! A3 ]$ l 108. Detailed strike8 Q7 @, ~; `- H- y
109. Bumper strike9 ~! q4 v5 q6 Z* J4 c; z6 U( H
110. Slowdown strike
Z. a7 H: o1 a+ w 111. Working-to-rule strike+ b \( p2 P9 T1 v. J/ k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: z7 i" e% d H; g7 ?6 l7 F6 v5 s 113. Strike by resignation
/ P) V( t9 i( }& v* `" k 114. Limited strike; k4 g: s( c7 X6 ?; c
115. Selective strike7 j O, ?8 D- ]0 Y: D
3 ]* g, i' [ Y o: Q {" Q( ?9 k
Multi-Industry Strikes
9 |$ j, |6 {5 }' m9 w# B
% M/ w8 m3 G# {* Y, B, b6 o 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike2 ?3 I6 Q" l3 L& C6 z3 V; m
$ m& P$ N# b# ^ @9 X1 [0 HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. \( M, e! @) H, c+ `: w* U4 j
8 j# t" X8 h6 S3 ~2 g. L 118. Hartal
! X `5 N/ u. y
- o$ \ y0 `) | 119. Economic shutdown
H3 F0 S4 M S' Q+ S# ?
8 W4 m4 c- k# F& k+ t; e" l) l; ? 2 z5 Z* Y. M) Z1 f; |
& B4 N4 _- n. n q, c. z9 f/ _THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 E* X, ]0 F v1 L) o. u! u+ a1 `# V# _
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# z* }, q1 j. c. D: t( s/ h0 RRejection of Authority) w' ]& q; |* P( w6 B3 z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ J* l3 D6 ^% E3 v, t! x 121. Refusal of public support& s0 W+ y; `0 X& C5 m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# @, |3 K0 X. d% r/ c$ E& r
+ Z# l' U' K" }7 [7 @" }5 o; k8 O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ k+ ^) T+ F3 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% A$ M% `5 {( M) G# z 124. Boycott of elections: ^) X* f# C* f o5 w0 w5 z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 T( R9 m9 d' H2 T# H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ o/ D# N& j' i5 l7 j+ f' ^5 W; { 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 z$ _ V4 p! C7 ]$ [. v 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 i# d( z' \3 e9 y+ y' ~: o0 U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 Z* V+ J$ l, N2 Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 h, Q; ^/ O% {( N) J! y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 M# Q& L2 Z6 J$ e) N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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$ G9 e; m! P/ G2 g" ]/ GCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
U6 ~1 A& s" H, q+ z. m" `: h3 O7 I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' L2 G% t% m; j2 A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; O% R! b& b$ u" ]2 ?0 t+ K
135. Popular nonobedience
2 l) o2 m4 s' N; d: h1 b 136. Disguised disobedience; o: p7 ~$ r9 _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ d) s5 Y- R6 X% d4 p3 d, ~ 138. Sitdown, r! |" Q8 s! M) P- C
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 O, |" m; o9 x1 |) F0 M$ v 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. `6 W) Y) u/ z" C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& \1 f2 l( b( w6 Y0 |( v: n1 B' W7 @9 S! _; _1 V# ?
Action by Government Personnel! j6 C" Z4 m+ `- i5 E; _* @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 E! h' F' a/ ]" E! ?( x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) t7 }$ W1 {, \/ V3 ?" L
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 Z( {) ^# }/ @6 \0 A4 _" B8 k 145. General administrative noncooperation
" m5 [" ]. r u' V' J
. ]2 o, v ]6 ?" S( ]8 N% g 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 J( v# C6 j& C6 [6 { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* [+ t: Q5 I; G$ U' v
148. Mutiny1 A. d# X n. M1 O
Domestic Governmental Action
/ D- K9 l$ l/ m, [ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 f0 }* O% _% e, m( f$ K/ T
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# {7 N( g+ B: B; Y
. b6 K. C* _7 @ o7 qInternational Governmental Action
8 t' f2 I D7 G" L 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 c# @% b7 m6 E! p5 o( p- l 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 x* m: g$ h! d) H
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) ^) Q: `3 K6 X* ^% a, ?1 h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% @1 l$ U, W: W+ O. \7 |% J. j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 D0 q4 w8 ]1 K6 Y! H/ m2 d1 B 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 y/ s+ i- K5 L# j D5 \( a
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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5 ?2 q9 _, W* p! hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
, X2 @: j. k- v4 x$ O 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 C$ @2 A K3 N2 g7 U 159. The fast7 k) @2 _8 a1 T4 l4 G; K
a) Fast of moral pressure
# N7 p6 _7 G' k/ M0 B9 M5 F b) Hunger strike0 v" [7 q) s) Y3 t0 G
c) Satyagrahic fast
# d; d8 R" |: r 160. Reverse trial
2 x0 D$ }' P0 J% O9 ^. e# ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment+ J) O. o$ ]7 |6 ^; H
( z& ^( U- k* |: f5 Z/ p8 Q
Physical Intervention: ]9 L: _5 S1 b* b E. W
162. Sit-in* ~- h% F& Q2 ~! e4 o5 s6 k
163. Stand-in
; w; v( s; C" }& h9 s3 i9 V 164. Ride-in
& { E' \4 i6 p) k1 X( D 165. Wade-in
) c4 D8 ~& H( @) ~ 166. Mill-in
2 e# _4 K K5 M8 ] 167. Pray-in8 g( Q* Y$ u6 p7 Z$ n' M+ p
168. Nonviolent raids; {( l! D3 S G' |; A3 V# k
169. Nonviolent air raids4 S1 e& O& {) ?" P+ [% Y* x
170. Nonviolent invasion4 g' W9 W& z( T7 ]
171. Nonviolent interjection' e y5 H( B9 b! C; N. g) ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction
( I2 | I! U3 m" y) c. S0 { 173. Nonviolent occupation" I b2 ~1 |: t( J5 \- k
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Social Intervention. I+ w! m9 C9 V4 P0 a
174. Establishing new social patterns& A: E- }! q) S8 Y4 [
175. Overloading of facilities: f" f8 u; A' E% i
176. Stall-in
6 b! [2 [6 u( s& l 177. Speak-in# E' ^" Q% J; G
178. Guerrilla theater
& ~$ Z' @0 z% q+ `" ]. u2 o! |( ? 179. Alternative social institutions
/ f6 w! k2 g6 u9 ^6 [8 b4 M2 ] 180. Alternative communication system$ `/ d7 K( h$ |" l5 Q
! ^% Y/ L* U! w* ]2 z. N% x9 G
Economic Intervention8 z5 B. L5 e0 R9 U
181. Reverse strike
' {* H' o: o/ V1 ^6 J9 r+ M$ q6 X 182. Stay-in strike
" z1 G& _: b# |& D+ T4 G- v' B( X 183. Nonviolent land seizure" k9 y" D% `/ y6 z
184. Defiance of blockades$ F( L% [) ?% G( J& w, X. {2 ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: m* l. R3 Y0 E4 O" h! p
186. Preclusive purchasing
: W2 Z: Q% Y; l$ U8 |# J: E) o 187. Seizure of assets
# G. k; r5 |2 @5 f 188. Dumping
. I& M- L% @ |) |1 r5 |6 W 189. Selective patronage& i8 o# y8 F/ K4 R& C' N
190. Alternative markets
3 w/ B, T( P# }. r* H6 {. m3 O 191. Alternative transportation systems
- d0 I8 _: J7 q9 I! \) n 192. Alternative economic institutions- M+ Z! U4 |8 ~' O0 S( q
, h0 [2 }( c5 W0 d. a& G4 _! \( RPolitical Intervention
9 P4 H5 K0 X6 k 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 S+ L) x, O5 y: @, A- _* R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) ] x) Y! h/ |9 Q 195. Seeking imprisonment$ x; o6 s8 M8 ]; i L/ r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, ~* f2 F0 K1 v! @- w7 b$ W( y4 i
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 L' r- P8 h; F6 F8 x9 T2 ~9 y) E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
