 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( V) X( Y9 X9 Q8 I) K5 Z
Formal Statements
6 K4 n# [5 q' u 1. Public Speeches. \9 m. e- a3 S% K! \# N( }. X( x3 T
2. Letters of opposition or support
9 t: l7 V- }( {) q$ H5 \1 k9 p, U' f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. ]4 h/ G. e l3 L
4. Signed public statements
9 F* ?7 G# u) R$ |4 A5 I7 b N 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; L8 _9 P) t1 x 6. Group or mass petitions1 ] a9 C& r% |: {* }
* N ?$ J! i- k k! j0 ~3 hCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ U0 v) B# }! Q; p! j7 J 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" w7 A8 Q' ]5 l$ V7 P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ S8 O# \: u( z; a4 A j4 e& {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* D1 f/ v8 n* m% s% Z- w 10. Newspapers and journals
& ]2 I" j' S/ U! I 11. Records, radio, and television$ f% g* i- x6 z; [# b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 T& m9 E, Z9 ?6 a
, h/ U5 r$ M- J* f9 {Group Representations
4 ^, M0 K2 U8 z: U9 U' S7 A/ k 13. Deputations6 N, y; J7 b, A8 W
14. Mock awards/ q/ p1 s; c3 {6 S" C
15. Group lobbying0 A. W+ G1 C7 d1 [0 k
16. Picketing9 |1 p+ ^ u* H
17. Mock elections
& z" A. G |4 w, F, B- A9 N* E# V1 b; k$ Y% Z8 d0 A
Symbolic Public Acts
' x3 U7 L) S m! C 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 s0 y+ z7 Z7 V" l 19. Wearing of symbols
8 y. |' h0 |1 r& @/ P' v: p5 j 20. Prayer and worship/ ?# N9 q0 l9 C; {3 k8 z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: A- `+ `, P' n 22. Protest disrobings
p7 M- p! b* {7 q3 K) w8 p 23. Destruction of own property
1 g. I+ n9 ^9 o: y4 K 24. Symbolic lights
% d3 h2 Z; x: ~% E 25. Displays of portraits
% v3 I G6 ?; V 26. Paint as protest6 E$ o' O. a$ l8 J. o, R
27. New signs and names2 H. l) b9 K" b8 I6 ^# M& m
28. Symbolic sounds/ P( V3 L) M. ?4 K( q
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ X3 {) g5 t6 ^9 Y& r7 b: @ 30. Rude gestures' W4 n3 L% w- B1 m/ F4 b- W2 j6 Z! \
' `! Z0 y$ f" o2 c) D1 J
Pressures on Individuals
3 q* m6 F6 I$ N 31. “Haunting” officials
6 O. j4 i! n$ P: m 32. Taunting officials
7 M2 h% E' R' w: p8 }: Q2 k! b 33. Fraternization7 t! f. R& x+ H# O% z
34. Vigils
# N0 P. `! w7 ?% J; w3 m( J" q, t; U4 q
Drama and Music
8 D% l0 ^* d" `4 p0 I7 a* }# o 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 k) ~' x' T, X1 G% U
36. Performances of plays and music
, v% E9 d1 h1 q& w5 [ 37. Singing4 s/ Q3 i, A7 J8 C x
- Y5 }' w6 A) x1 v
Processions
, w: r( }" Q V- ] 38. Marches
~# s$ t+ t' g( e6 W# { 39. Parades
: x' i6 r( Y. U( @/ I 40. Religious processions
9 p, i5 L' R0 i3 n7 S 41. Pilgrimages. y; O& B- C! N0 x- w# `
42. Motorcades
7 O1 x6 H( X6 T4 V) u3 w# U9 s6 l. n& O
Honoring the Dead& D! P7 C0 _( h9 q3 F- k9 y1 z; @
43. Political mourning5 y5 Z# I: e9 U9 V0 |) L
44. Mock funerals: B: T/ V; U" ^+ d' Q2 E2 c
45. Demonstrative funerals( ?9 p9 ?4 ]. d8 [
46. Homage at burial places+ s& o" M# o9 C! [
# j& v" H b; }' m9 rPublic Assemblies; W" q: e3 f7 }9 s, @
47. Assemblies of protest or support' ^+ K6 w1 p: g/ l% @: s
48. Protest meetings
9 P' V- \: y' }1 b& W( J5 @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% J$ f% _# T1 Z0 I0 J6 I 50. Teach-ins) Y/ a4 ]4 w, Q& `+ _. {
6 N6 O/ p4 B8 B8 j" w
Withdrawal and Renunciation; t3 _# Q3 ^1 V
51. Walk-outs9 F! A5 ^+ L0 O6 V4 a# P9 \
52. Silence
) d& n- S) x2 Z& W4 [ 53. Renouncing honors
: G; A" M% F* w' O; N: M( j# u; K 54. Turning one’s back! D3 |" e( L+ O! x4 n
2 b" f8 e0 f0 S2 t8 b) {3 ~1 |% h
4 Z1 X0 L( `3 g3 }5 e' y6 c" I) H& S! S0 k: m4 Q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 H0 O z+ l7 |8 ~5 p, z1 @9 {
: U! K, f5 |2 O3 w( O* ]
- Z7 u( p* |2 x, D
* I' q* c, \7 x# E1 j" t5 \; T2 |Ostracism of Persons
6 n6 B, d; x" K, j 55. Social boycott
' ]( C& h% t! [9 f 56. Selective social boycott
. g# k' U7 y. }4 ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction
- I) T' [2 Z" E$ a( J 58. Excommunication
$ ?% _6 N0 ^4 Z% R# a 59. Interdict+ o: A, L* i# J% E6 |1 M0 G
) S! ]8 R; w) g9 }7 t2 | [Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* \& x+ I8 Z- ]0 P- R 60. Suspension of social and sports activities! _5 k( u" M& l9 U
61. Boycott of social affairs
* M9 j" \- ~, @8 d, h3 | 62. Student strike
% ]1 x% D+ P1 c) K) r1 H 63. Social disobedience6 j! g6 t, F r& I1 s% M. A0 Q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 J5 D* u/ t/ a f5 b1 a: s( i/ K F9 W0 r& b) n& R; t) K; G
Withdrawal from the Social System
4 e1 a; N9 `+ \8 W5 Y3 n 65. Stay-at-home$ s, }7 n( R( ^0 H1 G& g
66. Total personal noncooperation9 H( m" ]: X: z$ r2 v: [: T3 o0 D2 S
67. “Flight” of workers5 C- v% X5 N/ |0 ^; V7 |! L
68. Sanctuary
1 L+ P5 }3 y* i3 T 69. Collective disappearance4 q* N# u- e+ h& m: q! e
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): }2 u2 `* X1 C7 ~0 n: F% E9 b
7 y8 U0 Y& g1 r1 l+ ~2 q* K
- U, B+ r# E/ U# e) `
' _* `/ z% W: i; j! B2 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 a* I3 n8 a/ _# h* o+ ~
) E' o* g1 P, w) w5 ~# W& H$ J. _
8 O8 w3 |- T+ S7 v
Actions by Consumers
! f2 H# Y/ l6 _/ O$ F+ O 71. Consumers’ boycott6 G; T. y3 T- S$ _" f
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ P! l# T, I, t
73. Policy of austerity% x. g% Y$ o9 M# F. O7 h( K
74. Rent withholding
9 {, {3 q4 y0 z; g [' p3 { 75. Refusal to rent/ ?+ S: q; D0 p, b
76. National consumers’ boycott2 d1 N0 F9 r; X/ r; g) `: t) s
77. International consumers’ boycott: A& d* ?1 G r; b- A P6 d) |- D
$ U2 j( Q" d. c a6 |' T( u" `Action by Workers and Producers* E$ G' l' o6 i
78. Workmen’s boycott" K) }8 e3 N' u) n
79. Producers’ boycott* e5 c& A8 x* H# L8 T G
$ j9 e j7 b# b, @- JAction by Middlemen
2 `1 k6 P; Q! o. t6 E6 s* R1 B 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ d5 |7 x. `# K9 Q$ B+ J# ]
_7 b: g: Z* H" G
Action by Owners and Management
. V" L4 a; U' D/ T7 \ 81. Traders’ boycott
" G5 E8 L6 }. A1 Q0 y 82. Refusal to let or sell property
! k) e7 t9 O0 c# D* U 83. Lockout8 m; a1 j( j+ ]) `) s& A
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, y/ f$ m9 z5 I! ^: X: I ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”, ~) ~" B/ }8 q% V. Y! p7 ~0 d
8 n' U2 ]6 t) O1 {) ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ ~5 u/ E$ y0 e6 |3 _! l 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. M q+ E0 z7 n! h 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) H/ O, D+ X ~7 J$ n
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& E5 A, G5 x+ f2 q% W) m: ^
89. Severance of funds and credit5 F* J, N! b" i2 x8 ~+ k2 F4 L
90. Revenue refusal
$ \9 R9 z1 ^! q9 H- y/ U 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( i# v, h4 G U& R! e& j, t, J: T' I7 n
Action by Governments0 T: e0 \9 S/ u$ I y q7 r
92. Domestic embargo
1 Q, e% B9 H* U; n5 U 93. Blacklisting of traders
, q/ c4 H6 `0 m* v4 W 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 H. ?6 r8 B5 d0 t. ?; S 95. International buyers’ embargo" U( r% J' A$ p) n- M) R% o" o O
96. International trade embargo `# Y6 h" F' Z; N1 _& H
. f: X" |2 G+ o$ H & t2 ?0 q& v5 {; ^4 e- Y/ F
, h& i: B+ W) P4 ?- B
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 ], H& ^' ~' b
5 S; ]1 Y. e2 _
9 L/ R/ N% d8 x! c5 X" lSymbolic Strikes
' K. ?8 h) D' q! h/ v" a+ g( l 97. Protest strike
; \/ H3 U0 l6 c% d 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
/ [0 w- h E6 X8 s6 B0 J
+ ^- I+ x% k# W4 ^; {Agricultural Strikes
) _! Y! O! a( x5 }7 @ 99. Peasant strike5 i/ f& |1 f8 t, i
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 [; ^; q v5 \% Z6 v% b
4 ]6 ^/ t( \! {% |4 T' N+ V! OStrikes by Special Groups* _% c \) E9 p5 N
101. Refusal of impressed labor, W" V# x- w* n; W
102. Prisoners’ strike
% g$ E8 y; |% n, o# ^9 j. { 103. Craft strike
9 S$ P4 t' u: b" f' Q' K7 s( X 104. Professional strike
6 _; D; N. A9 _/ e# X0 [ ~$ F. [) O8 L8 J w" o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- g3 S* `6 |2 C( R; M
105. Establishment strike* R$ t: y; c0 k( N- {
106. Industry strike& S7 I2 e6 I. Y: N6 K
107. Sympathetic strike
9 t' L% {; p3 k" \
% R+ e. j9 Q h' R0 ~* L4 fRestricted Strikes. B" c2 i8 a; G0 T6 a
108. Detailed strike
: N ?9 Y% u4 S2 N8 t' Y 109. Bumper strike
- |, d. { |2 b( A 110. Slowdown strike
& }/ Q) c0 d. H) Y6 }' p1 b+ x 111. Working-to-rule strike. d0 {1 s2 a6 `- A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" h* ^: q2 z5 U% E 113. Strike by resignation* g' }+ w9 i; T; ]% w ?# P
114. Limited strike! Z8 W4 X, L+ f) V) g/ N
115. Selective strike: B H. k; v0 a2 L
, e; z9 S6 r8 t2 mMulti-Industry Strikes1 v/ F, t: c. |1 Y4 v0 t; |2 W# O1 R
1 O& z I/ L1 w( r1 h) x: b X* a, w
116. Generalized strike3 P b6 q$ a; J
0 N' M5 j& H( M% D o
117. General strike
7 y9 M) F1 ]! w2 r }! y# E; P. r% T; e( p1 `! ^- r
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* Y# \: x. @0 U) O! K( O8 S! G9 D8 |3 n/ G
118. Hartal
1 F6 R! O0 h& b* {1 U% P# E- Z- i+ D' m
119. Economic shutdown
7 y: {; ?% O: S5 c6 g& g+ W4 S! `; O6 x" T& `1 ~( _/ L0 x6 c
$ k# g, ?% i% Q
0 A: q' y+ ?. `( |4 q. h+ _4 fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ x" w, a2 @! O8 J' _* A5 g2 R( J1 Z! f; b
- ^) L0 _ w- I7 C* z* G. M
Rejection of Authority1 `/ ^) p1 O1 b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 M3 X+ J. O: f. z* _3 p7 f 121. Refusal of public support9 V) @. x2 r5 P( h0 N1 R) b
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 c6 [3 A6 }- x. P3 i+ E; ~8 ~ h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government k. Z& s' ]2 e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 L- b' |" @( R: M" N2 [( \ 124. Boycott of elections
9 a1 X. a2 G B' G3 u; K 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ ~4 M. h0 l ~# `1 I 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ U( K2 a, g7 v* g6 e* _& m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) a9 O8 a' N9 V, K9 d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ f; ]! a0 F; B# c
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( [% h4 z3 x7 V: d( m# y: H- r' p3 \
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 a l9 K+ l4 a4 b4 }% e4 ~1 I3 x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 e$ B' s% v! s0 R 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* _1 [0 b; ], j, f: [, k4 ?
3 C" C( s( J& A, B8 O" _ HCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 b% h6 w0 o8 x K# Q2 r m$ v. p+ z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 v0 f$ [0 W+ j 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 g# D# M: l8 e f- B
135. Popular nonobedience
G2 Y& z3 U7 H3 O 136. Disguised disobedience. ?) ^. S8 \9 f6 @5 P' @+ a2 _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 q& r6 C& i% ^$ P/ a$ S" c 138. Sitdown, @. b) @0 o z. A; x+ O* E# v
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# o( _* [6 Q6 M, j0 R 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" w1 y) g3 _/ M! `3 B: \- V6 O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, Y( d- |9 F" |
/ {/ x X0 ]2 z) Z* ZAction by Government Personnel
- i5 a: b: n @ @) ?- M. e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 t0 u+ {7 I& T4 ~" ~$ J' H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. V, y- c/ Z* Z 144. Stalling and obstruction+ D; R ~, x A
145. General administrative noncooperation* V5 l8 s7 B& X
3 g i! Z. K8 l$ i6 y
146. Judicial noncooperation: m! P+ O& C* F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 M7 x( @2 e7 @
148. Mutiny
2 I( r3 O/ U+ s' h3 i0 l" pDomestic Governmental Action
) d; }1 Z0 [; \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, B5 r1 r% ^7 ~ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: W7 p4 {9 B. ?/ e
5 I7 S7 T) e) z+ _4 X2 x8 B$ f( @. H
International Governmental Action
% n- j9 E# Z' ?( W% Z7 y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 r n+ Z5 w" N6 Y O7 B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ C# ~9 C, G( a+ t* ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* `- N% ?5 i& T3 O" u
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! _; G& |( S! U! P, q; r9 z q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 @' d+ w, U a, j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ F. l# n. ]8 ]1 l$ G& A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
& O$ E' V5 _8 ]+ G$ l. o2 M$ W4 J2 D: G4 V( J7 ]
- \ Q( s' b( g9 c7 t6 l* i$ q S% h8 ?9 c8 u5 I
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; [# C. s9 h# K5 v+ @3 ?. v
, U$ R0 @5 C5 M4 H2 W
k R, B! W: j% y+ a% OPsychological Intervention4 F: q+ G4 k0 H, T7 h( W( s
158. Self-exposure to the elements' `/ h4 ]' _& C
159. The fast6 o# o6 c: ?" [: i1 j2 G
a) Fast of moral pressure' w" a: C! N9 P6 x
b) Hunger strike
( X; t# x! P5 F8 N c) Satyagrahic fast. \5 W1 y& W9 A3 c7 z
160. Reverse trial
) h' [5 D: r }1 S- I' y 161. Nonviolent harassment; h! m% C. D& P! t( g* F$ }
+ n. ?# { d7 ^0 w; N x1 l" gPhysical Intervention
J1 Y: c9 M$ c- D 162. Sit-in
5 V" V4 n( j8 A* V 163. Stand-in# Z O) t+ K2 @4 j) s6 z. c
164. Ride-in: N6 H! b+ W; \$ _
165. Wade-in8 n4 K+ [' g* l7 L! q9 G& g& k
166. Mill-in
6 E: O& E0 {1 _ 167. Pray-in
/ `' g, q% Y+ J6 F 168. Nonviolent raids' k. D9 v' G+ z. K
169. Nonviolent air raids6 {" l; B9 G! Q8 h0 x
170. Nonviolent invasion' R ]7 r) ~8 `- F
171. Nonviolent interjection9 m5 }5 z6 @$ B
172. Nonviolent obstruction( F% C. f* f9 ?; V
173. Nonviolent occupation
$ j3 [2 T5 T! I; U2 ~6 W; T/ I& i
Social Intervention, v3 q: ?: U) w8 H6 P' `
174. Establishing new social patterns! j8 D/ s( h7 H7 H' ]. A
175. Overloading of facilities
: j0 w; n; C1 A. i+ ]1 Y 176. Stall-in9 m$ h, a1 O7 F5 ^0 d {8 \
177. Speak-in) r: ] o$ v1 F$ w0 q
178. Guerrilla theater2 w }3 l& ~. c, o2 E) r8 A
179. Alternative social institutions
& D& W0 N. L1 T, m- j( l* d 180. Alternative communication system
3 @$ [7 w& D/ r7 j$ p) h" _" \; W1 Q P/ z* N
Economic Intervention/ x, e2 B! q3 w5 v
181. Reverse strike [( F+ O' L8 c3 g" m
182. Stay-in strike
7 y$ y/ @& x' A1 d6 d6 n 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- [$ Z2 _4 H- S/ x& L 184. Defiance of blockades
5 e% m# j/ d1 ?" Y( u5 x; [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: @! U; g6 |( W
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 `1 O8 K6 ] _: A3 e& i e6 @2 m 187. Seizure of assets4 h, c8 I% u7 U' S* |8 X: A
188. Dumping
& h3 ~; O" X; i$ X& p4 Q 189. Selective patronage
% L; @& Y1 a% z2 a1 U: E6 ?# z' s 190. Alternative markets
/ \ v0 v) |' D! T7 Z5 p 191. Alternative transportation systems
% Z1 B' t9 t: O% b2 Q 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ r1 p6 S7 o, `& s, p4 R# {4 D$ D0 N3 l8 y( y$ m
Political Intervention
' O6 ]) ?! P( u) V8 K0 A 193. Overloading of administrative systems) \" e% ^$ y4 ?3 u1 I/ E" b% B% E
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 O. i9 k3 W* j. n1 r: y) E5 o 195. Seeking imprisonment
- q. ]0 T3 Q0 u6 A! O4 p0 r+ d! n 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 v8 c$ [0 |+ y8 z
197. Work-on without collaboration
" N8 }6 U- S$ `/ }: c/ n' [5 o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
( W! }, }" e0 h6 _; P
- Z8 f4 n. K! g. D$ i8 }5 ]( x |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
