 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。3 T' V& n( [4 k# L# ~
" A' ^; T A4 {2 E8 ~1 ?我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。
8 S( W2 O4 \$ ~( g/ |: `" lhttp://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/index.html; N- G$ I. c& x* a% R
) G$ }, U3 t& z4 t( e. o! l关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。
M, a6 w! v G3 K4 Q* Z> MIPS Equivalents. H/ J Q& s- c' C4 [2 ?
>
' o9 Y4 G8 T. z" E( j2 R> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS! N) O" m5 F/ S3 h. l
> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
) S0 r+ t$ Y/ O5 ~0 G/ I> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS0 H R6 M5 u' u
> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS4 f+ Q% j, {( U( C4 Y* `/ v
> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS: v/ T. R1 X/ W( S; g2 c$ _
> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS
! I, R# F+ Z5 z k5 t2 A2 A0 q1 A> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS: t" H1 k7 n! b/ K7 ]% M' ^3 s" G' a
> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS
% y/ i {" G! T> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS6 G% E3 ?$ Y2 g0 J' W. l9 Z
> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS 4 z+ L% a- {/ ~* B# O
> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS
$ u5 }4 ]& j$ z8 g> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS
n! r0 [- l- v3 t4 a2 a: i" G> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS3 Z" j( g5 e2 b
> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS
( e2 d0 L% O% z7 q# y' Q! P0 C> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS
$ Z- W- q% k) y/ t% D1 J> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS
! [/ L. c" G4 O" `3 ~> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS7 }5 n8 U0 ^# Z9 q+ R
> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS/ Z" o" |7 \. M5 R
> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS
" Q2 v% |5 N0 G9 t0 E1 |> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS
" d3 I" A0 B7 g7 X. }& m> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS
% k( i2 y( v0 ]0 b5 r6 t> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS
5 i5 Y/ V5 n1 z# R1 q, Z ?" Y! ^3 T> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS: _5 y/ T$ }. L: |4 ` M
> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS
, D2 D; @% c% m( M: B; x: P" ~> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS
+ {# z& g6 s! Z6 u>
! W" l I; L- m7 g0 t! c }3 _! f> Type A$ W7 N; M5 q# r
> H Hand (manual calculation)/ G# Y }' j, H1 s5 A
> G Gear (mechanical calculator)
; s0 n a3 f5 M2 r; v) D> E Electromechanical6 N+ O# G b# N! e+ b3 [) r9 D4 E
> V Vacuum tube
& Z2 v% U y2 ` A4 K1 U> T Transistor
* c: E: m0 ~4 x: w1 W> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)) t) U% L$ |6 k5 U
> I Integrated circuit Z, L" j0 m2 |- e
> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)/ d5 m; V3 }1 n
> R RISC processor
3 x! h! o/ c& [> M Multiprocessor* M- e9 O" T5 p3 ? }
> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph% S/ X0 ]' [3 O$ H. w5 s! t
>
3 T# G" W/ D5 A> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS g$ ^( ^' p) F( r4 Y9 I% l% m: ^+ c0 f
>
+ i/ r- r1 I1 zBy_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-08
- k* s8 f0 l. j2 V9 yOhdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-09
( o' t2 C4 J7 a. }( @4 ]Steiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08
7 q8 \9 t/ F: n+ \Hollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-08
9 h1 R2 C; s6 k+ z1 [Analytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-07/ B$ z# t1 v+ S: N
Monroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
6 e% q' L H6 R" g! h: d( \- vIBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-080 g* `) n- @/ O3 z8 R/ p, s2 H
Torres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08, o! ]) `( N3 i( S* s( V" o3 D
National-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
$ x7 v* |6 C% @5 x5 T4 o$ k& o. `Burroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08/ s; K- ^% G0 h3 B
Zuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-08/ y% m& T* S7 A# t" A
Zuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07, {# j+ y& R4 r6 P3 {" @: C
BTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-06& {9 E: r9 f0 h
Zuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-062 }, Z" b* `; P+ ]4 a
BTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-06
& H6 X9 P3 N2 h# W: _! UColossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.000224
- u4 E; q9 I; r8 m; q- }BTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-064 Q. t4 m2 f' y; c! L0 a
ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06
& F; Q* b3 Y/ v, G0 N2 S' ?) TZuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
3 z: I/ j. c1 x. X8 t/ X( q9 cBTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-06
- a, H; f- J; P8 c( \( f7 r8 C- b! BENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.00289
8 @$ e+ j/ G" j7 ZHarvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06
) J8 v% w( t# F. lIBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597
/ F7 a: v- K$ s2 b K: K9 y- eEDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
$ ^' |& B: n9 Z6 b: c7 Q( OSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.004161 x v1 Y. K3 h. w% q9 l+ d
UNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575% G3 {7 f% ]# M: k9 G5 I( n& v
Zuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-06$ \% W1 P/ H# G4 e _
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.00176
; b0 @. u2 W1 U3 I# IIBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966
; i) V3 b. |# DEDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.0017+ d1 |: v. ?' K
Whirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694* w8 N0 i8 |+ a+ m' e' C, r% D
IBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.0536
0 Q. v8 X1 @, V* c9 fLibrascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701( V! J( f" m5 R+ @. H |; b
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.326 J" b1 y; T0 n7 `7 g$ Z' h
IBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.00103
" ?' S |1 ^3 d) I4 A |DEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.124
6 q" S' ~- H0 IAtlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.4
2 B! d% Y1 L. C5 ]# U+ yBurroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.0989
0 o8 H& F( S$ f- XIBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063! z7 L4 k, g( i4 l4 b
Honeywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.15
3 e0 V- U: U: B) IDEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.169
- a0 B- w6 T5 C/ I. jCDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.76
; P; V$ x2 D" PIBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15
/ p( q5 H* H" V' ^IBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.541 l7 Q& M+ _9 T2 e
IBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.24. Y' a! n) V) f$ O! H9 K
DEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.655( f; p/ p6 p; W0 U5 u
CDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7
# T" X& u# r: G7 t; e6 Q7 C8 ?- nDG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.11751 g4 m& F5 U7 L/ h3 \% Y: L( Q* v
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649
6 ^, x* |+ Q& e) N0 L- HSDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.105
, b o" U n0 C2 O: xIBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.3
U9 g3 @, d- ? r% wHoneywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.0757 R3 D H0 X/ P2 y U# Z
Prime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.36
) L, m' C' q3 k) V N0 ~IBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.88! W' i; L5 m1 Q+ g
MITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01( M! I2 G1 m$ I
DG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.477 |# U6 U2 e3 r! |5 l
DEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.3+ x: B9 o i+ P1 ^( b/ }6 j
DEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.43 q: G1 \2 P* o2 f+ k: c2 ?( } J
Cray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 150# E, x K7 C+ r. e. k3 ~
Apple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.022 J, Y8 \1 u/ a4 r$ M
DEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.0
/ ^0 p4 m- e% }) UTRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04
5 U* Y# I Q; P3 g3 M3 |Commodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06 V. n% \- L# V# a
CDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.59 ^6 d% [$ N) M- {2 x8 g
Nanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1
7 H& x0 p0 g" i$ g, m7 I4 L6 ZTRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04) T6 E9 I( g4 E% Y6 v; ?5 Q1 a
Sun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484
: e& B" c# d# t% u- a4 xCDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.2, i! p9 h: t3 U+ i- a
Vic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04
0 f2 H) }# z! ?$ d6 {; S) l( zIBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238
$ G7 n" n$ @0 V# K4 L+ _' uSun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.741) O( o& f! N- S# M) \: G3 @6 U
Commodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.2
7 [7 a1 D% o' J! T* ~& ~. q( ~4 cTRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2; g o$ J$ S7 P0 B( }4 w( u
Vax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.799+ R f0 c) B( @2 X
Macintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52
& b Q/ k; w1 h$ A dVax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.26
8 N- R/ Y! u1 l. ^; @7 iCray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 8245 F9 \5 G* {0 A* `$ s
L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.26/ t5 W0 K# C3 E5 W0 j; z. [
Atari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165
/ v9 v4 O2 w# V$ N- k6 }" f) USun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.05, d9 W2 r$ p0 a+ y) R$ k5 |& B0 d
DEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71' I4 k6 O& p3 v: ]5 e% f
MIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.5342 T$ `1 @, Q v6 y+ n. s7 f6 E
Mac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.5
1 H" q' {- X* F9 n' K: hSun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.87
8 Z) F8 ]# U U7 _2 x2 V$ P; nMac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.9& S3 u1 R* J \/ w7 D- J" f' C
CompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8
& }& k' B, r" ?, \# V, RPC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.3
! B1 R& v4 E* a$ P7 [" e1 @( eWang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103
% L* X8 Q3 O% l* F0 AMacintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.9. t5 m( I: p9 i0 V1 e4 }
Solbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5
$ r4 o. k' N, ~# y xStardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.3* q' J' }% \1 ]! L
Dell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.5/ g2 t* R7 O$ r1 E5 {+ ^4 P
Mac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.00 L2 ^7 C0 m: o
Amiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5
4 D+ B% `% _: {8 K1 O& C4 P- rGateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9
# v5 G c! g) k+ G5 `* q$ @7 kACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8! v0 @2 M, n [! G
Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0: X: Y: S' }( \
AST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.9
4 y9 R' {" }+ {# x a1 VIBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.6
) r2 n Q9 I" E* I$ z. r/ l3 LNEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.8
4 j9 R0 H( y. B" H' nIBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1
1 a& \. [$ b3 T6 @- [Acer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5
2 V% o7 X- K6 E7 vDECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.6
# ]1 Q4 o6 l9 v7 A' X+ \IBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1
& `1 l ^: A! c+ z# OGateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.29 ]$ J3 X+ D; ~3 |8 }" \$ h
PowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 100
1 v! N0 q* _- s& e! W7 \PowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180
, m# T* y0 `" JPowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 200! p. \# u0 V, u% y+ j4 [( I: t
Intel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70
# B% t' k2 y6 {) o6 M! EGateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 925 a& v" m1 O" \" r8 l O5 E' r4 [4 M5 V
Power_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 300
7 K/ g/ L5 j, _, TPowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160
7 l2 s% f2 ?* `Gateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 350' m" B8 B& m# ]1 \6 L9 i* x4 L
Power_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375. A+ m: g- k Q
Mac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 500) S! D, T$ _8 D
iMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450* B/ a4 R; F! {3 u5 r$ x4 G
AcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 475
# }+ B7 T; q1 q, f) GMac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
) ~0 i- `: `6 {/ X" }" \* f4 yPentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750! b: J' A/ f0 q! e
Pentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820
' _, K( r2 @ m) w5 L2 yMac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856
; J# s! @- M8 O# q: WIBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e6
0 Y1 P! \8 a+ K5 |Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 60006 n* [' w- _" U* v' t& Z
Mac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 1500
( q4 t) N3 z7 ~/ ^0 C0 KCerfCube R 2001 500 32 230
+ `$ O" K5 |/ T1 W/ r6 T# h# ]Mac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300
! Q- @# y% |- {. GDell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 33202 e: o3 q0 q. t1 G
iMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 1100
- K7 f8 A" R* y5 Z# UDell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
, e+ j: b1 U* j) u7 f. FAthlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 41444 V, S9 m7 Q2 H' | ]0 s
Mac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500
0 v( R+ z, U! @& yDell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 4439! n' I' u3 [3 _& C0 J
Mac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 7413/ w& g6 V) x3 E0 y
Dell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 51008 j6 Z8 s0 f( r* `& ^( F
Mac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 10000
) j6 Z: y3 l K s1 S: JVAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e6
' O3 z& s5 p& M* gAthlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800) }' Y& H. w' D# |- q
Mac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850# }+ I0 w2 ~4 V# K8 Q3 F5 H
Opteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 70005 W0 e& h5 `& ~1 h0 ~1 p0 ~# B2 g
Mac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000" i" o( y, D; |+ [
iMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000) X0 H- l6 d' ~, L `3 X# r+ y3 a
Mac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
- @3 p6 x6 o# ^2 `Mac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 9000
) m3 u$ c0 V* Y2 I' G8 D( F: @5 TMac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000
$ O; G& I) b! q* B& ESun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6" C! L+ H( B: |
IBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e6: N! ^5 t0 D/ o$ |
Mac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 600006 C; g+ J6 z: v$ X8 I4 b9 y+ l
IBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e92 P: s# }5 s' c$ L' W
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9& g0 }7 H: ?5 _% q9 n) R5 M% V4 \5 J* X
Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 110001 t2 [. \: E* H, q( Q( F
Acer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000
7 N, r" |1 A# G% OMac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 78000
: x7 T: F' `& r* K4 Z! C. UCray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e96 Y1 y9 P, D+ o1 ]& X. T2 D
Mac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 121000% H* E- v9 R; s B0 [
Tianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e97 G/ l, o4 G: }. X( e
iPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600
' R5 v4 j8 \9 M# j! l/ V: piMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000: b; V& {% b) A) J: E6 z9 m
MacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 51000
# _: ~/ j4 g& I3 `* DFujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9* M5 y2 v2 R. u% h+ G8 P
Raspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 1000' Z" _+ F1 C; P E/ C
iPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150, U) i0 C% C6 n5 M& T' A1 ~, k( p
iPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 92104 B4 ~6 P4 n5 C5 {
iPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200) A7 y7 u$ N9 Y. z8 [9 e6 _( Y6 {
MacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240
& F# @/ k8 |5 V4 w+ lMacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153
4 m `( B* Y/ K4 ?+ y>. g* V" j8 h( ^- ~
> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS& |. K, F" z8 T2 ~3 N0 U
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