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/ d1 X8 {5 {9 F/ O7 [http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China' A# N5 R7 w- q+ Y
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
2 y* E! W& X7 e6 I7 Z' G6 z1 E2 ^Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
/ t, v- m. S3 {7 K, \" w( a. g: R; B/ A# u2 s3 r
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
) O l# B @' }: T8 t/ [* AFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
' I7 j3 r/ N* p8 I; n4 S8 |% l$ o1 r; H, G
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
* [* m6 j: @' {* C& kReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018. G; G/ k; R% L' }( c
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract7 Y" r& a, z5 b8 G
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing+ E: H1 Z& ?- o4 C) B# H
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The; q; c6 a! r6 R7 ]9 f
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been, |: w" {; ^9 x, {4 y
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not1 V, U* h1 p; F
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific$ ]) K. q0 ^) z# I; a
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
" R) R+ H" D1 M; g* B6 B+ qto the standardization of the scientific terminology
2 ?6 K# [" d7 v. ]( w& v8 Btranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s% r5 K% n; K; _7 K/ ? X5 k9 t
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
) D! k: A6 `: A N, o3 b8 hand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
% k) ^; Y" Q) _% `/ @0 r4 s9 ]standardization of the scientific terminology translation. R8 H5 A- A8 f. m; n- R- B
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien+ O: ~! _3 d$ M; L
he established had helped greatly with the popularization0 |1 O7 o8 c# C. B( ?. O
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
2 {& Q8 j) [( Lthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way% ?# L3 M- u6 I9 k' z: }
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and8 d. Q# P5 Z8 x- j% y
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a" s# P* l8 {0 k( w7 R% ~" k
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific) A" Q) F1 W4 V* p3 |3 }$ k
terminology.
; ?1 k* T4 H {# J$ H* AKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
9 Y* o- \ T7 R6 u3 a OStandardization of terminology translation
7 E' J$ E% Y! ]1 x8 p- l- kYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to1 Q7 o& @/ ^3 U, b6 g
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern9 X3 _. h2 Y1 v k% n, B u* n# K
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
) ^( T7 C8 d8 D9 i+ [from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
; d$ e. ]! p9 D' v, o' vDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213) S( ~) |" L& w1 e: c
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INTRODUCTION4 J% Y/ @9 l V+ q
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and3 X& c# r4 A$ ^; v
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
" m% |) q, k1 N m+ kDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
. z3 f4 h$ q1 X% }4 p% e" YHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
+ G1 M& H" @3 X- J3 e. v9 BSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
9 k/ U# s# l) f: Cby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
& e1 R( Z8 b7 V" han editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
- q6 H+ E( B9 g1 s" Bhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
. t4 W" R& _6 D7 P! H1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific: D' j3 }' r* h6 B* c1 e9 m
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
" O* r0 T5 L& u: H/ L3 A, d( uFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
- P7 B- v4 ]0 \4 e- c- zNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated# I! v T6 z' B" b, t
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant$ a# n+ `( e5 s' X: o
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
$ x- }# ?- A9 f: G5 O" Hrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,+ Z4 p" d$ h; R- M$ Y( u% W& M
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western, Q% t ]. W" o. B
books that made him the most productive one among the2 K% C' z! U3 U/ ~
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
9 u9 ?/ C5 H! o- f f3 J0 f7 `' ctranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a( ?% o# ]$ s3 t
noble work which could help accelerate the process of& m6 y6 R3 l5 W% k K
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).$ ~. Z; u, Y' P3 h6 J5 _) A: P l ]
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer0 J* C1 p3 k; S* ^
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western% B6 |: v9 {' T! I+ c, \# ?
science and the standardization of translated scientific
H7 g1 M' f. R2 @terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
) Y5 @: u# P' ^; ^# Y; xmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
6 a+ {( f# Z) `" x" uestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
4 p. d& z6 l6 `9 acontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series. J& P6 H$ H% [
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in4 ^( a" z, J) [- s! @( A' P; z
Modern China.7 N" k8 X, s( r1 _8 j
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
9 g; ?; \4 h- }/ c: P3 CThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of# j2 Q% w/ z# b& E! M O
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
0 r2 Q2 z+ Y9 ?0 q& @9 V6 a2 u% Va lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In( l t% h7 ?7 G8 J. x: ]6 X
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and. h) }6 `; [, c: B
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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