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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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, W% C w0 j. j. I* I( |1 pJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China4 y# \% N) L/ p
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
1 \3 ^" _6 A+ M gFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
4 d: l# D R1 z* H- v3 X& P0 ?% w y. F0 q2 |# } S
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
) F0 G* J& P$ x: M$ u x2 a8 Z6 }Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.8 y* I. Z% y8 K
( V3 A, i# o. g- dSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .4 l; F8 y9 b( f+ B6 u$ P! t
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
( g) u" U3 T2 j( EPublished online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
; W( y, }# h1 y4 }2 k5 tJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
) x( I" R9 u9 o1 {( [Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The m/ O9 x# k5 k
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been. J `: M* H+ X! q5 s
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not9 w) ]& J; `# L" H& V* I
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific: H" k0 ~5 w# ^+ F% h
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
$ k8 g5 x# E8 x6 N% G5 tto the standardization of the scientific terminology3 R# \5 g' {1 \4 N0 j6 D3 `: `
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
& U( k2 t" j9 q# t5 f6 qscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
8 c0 G# w" y) e. e" }+ @and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the1 F, u' A; L9 g# D K+ X: g6 J( O* P
standardization of the scientific terminology translation: B: U. f/ _5 z+ k$ r
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien" i/ h. Y9 z( i4 B
he established had helped greatly with the popularization# B% n% ^. F2 h! i/ m. H; P& r2 J
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
- z* l" O6 y. z1 J! l9 o5 Tthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
; a% P! n# ~. ^& m' P% [! }- cfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and, _8 `+ J7 h! }4 g$ u' @5 \
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
# I0 g' P2 u- B3 n) G6 ^& pgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
* d# c! y! T9 }4 n/ \ `' qterminology.8 b+ s W! L1 I' f
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;% x) _* R- f, D
Standardization of terminology translation
4 [7 ~+ L o5 u2 {Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to' e: X' P4 W# v) p5 n% P* X# }
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
( m: i. B! B5 p! }( N. v7 AChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available: {7 ?9 [8 M9 r4 P
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
8 y0 Z: ^, g/ |7 |: yDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
+ d" z! i' L- C# Q) k9 h0 EJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and% G% M* G) e& @. }! ^2 a
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912)./ M% g, _4 D$ V8 x" z: |
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
6 K# l$ [8 W1 p/ s9 h NHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of- X% s2 ]1 B9 g0 `
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed3 k$ c) W; Z$ `. j0 [9 R
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
% J. @) g+ R: o* G( I S. W$ R Uan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on( i( s) r8 H" D8 b
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-5 R4 {, z2 O* Z
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific3 Z, t. u6 T8 ^, r- e
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,7 {* g0 I! [; a" N- V3 b+ ^. Q
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.8 s$ F h S# K4 r
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
/ V9 w* }& d+ ], ?4 Tto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
5 z7 Q* C) G2 x; @! e6 i( x/ E% Wwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,4 z% c& [8 E. S b: p
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
' Q+ H; B6 d, w5 S! SFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
8 i/ K0 b* c5 gbooks that made him the most productive one among the
7 G. x* i1 R6 c: D! N5 {8 ]& o/ ]( ~foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
; g& y3 d* }) ^1 V# ctranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a: a+ x3 G0 I9 H
noble work which could help accelerate the process of/ g0 q! B7 @1 r3 Y( ]) `. ]: D
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
/ }( `- {0 @" r+ K0 @5 a2 dIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
3 \5 ~7 k! \4 Y. Walso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
# q# d5 t6 }2 N; z# d Nscience and the standardization of translated scientific
/ r& I6 I4 L" b! fterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
T! ?) r; {7 q0 \8 N% R$ i6 [2 emagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the) v+ o( V: l/ F' z# X
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
+ D* v5 Q8 G- L% Rcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series7 o H, Y; q9 ^; R% @7 q0 s D
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
! W& E5 D" Z8 d4 r6 sModern China.
: ~ x$ j' E6 ]" g4 d }3 aAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
' B* L% f6 r( VThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
/ X& [# y4 ~0 E0 R; i" J+ ?. ptravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing0 V7 C0 g, F; t
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In! G& t- ^( R! C c3 b% ?
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
2 k- W2 {5 Z, C2 J; f, sTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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