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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 3 z& p9 G$ v1 a- {- T
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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688 W+ W, n% l2 }' \. e0 O
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
1 A, ~3 y; S* c- O% zYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
# L/ l. @5 j! N2 hFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
1 ^- Z! X6 a5 S# c* V8 x# g; i. Q! R. I- O" I- ?/ i( r: P; F
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
* i1 v% Q5 ~! f K- Z- Y: pFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
% s+ E% A: M- r2 l* I- o0 I& U* A" g3 \! ?7 C' o9 M
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
' C2 b# i; q; E$ M1 ZReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20182 [0 K* w1 f' j. Z
Published online 26 January 2018/ F7 p9 n+ g; R: N/ \
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Abstract! t" @1 {) {4 y( ^+ s2 b! P/ d
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
0 n6 `' c7 D/ @9 h7 |+ R* {0 N fDynasty who came to China and was employed by The$ ?9 R% T7 v% h+ R* x
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
! J1 h9 m' G# n+ X4 O1 |engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
9 Y: |& W: s7 d. Honly having translated a great deal of Western scientific1 ^+ w/ n% G: g6 Y
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly1 x% \8 U( m/ I, w" d
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
. \! v1 n. A0 x* a k% r6 m; Ptranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s I% T( H7 v/ N: J
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,% n$ h# b3 ?* P" F) }) t/ v
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
, w' _8 d0 {+ o5 ]. J2 A Kstandardization of the scientific terminology translation5 \& C: Y7 X B
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien) T; s, K! V/ E: Z. G/ ^- K
he established had helped greatly with the popularization* J) ^, V/ d0 w0 f
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring: M% l* K+ V& r0 D
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
& @- J N% }: K+ z- U+ C! e# xfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
& F8 }6 x# l! ~# k2 l( Z% c$ tthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
! r+ V/ B! w) G e dgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
& `& y/ b$ K6 yterminology.
) \( l: x. E) Y; c, p- k1 s$ ^Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;8 c6 T; ^0 X8 N' I, M$ v: Q
Standardization of terminology translation
' M5 _0 T. [6 C( K3 g gYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
( _ E& m; c- t9 LStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern8 v! V/ t9 Q( s3 B7 `1 W
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available( B) y% ?/ c8 M$ H' u
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213' V' j* Z7 B, H
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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# N1 d1 g! i6 J! X* VINTRODUCTION
# C1 x, ]& P% ]: z- Z- U5 DJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and- \" l8 C+ n8 M* I$ j
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
7 D% q: D% `4 g, `/ A; g4 KDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to% z6 `# h8 L" q n; K
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
/ G4 i3 [7 T; C0 E: R- bSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
+ [' k) g E: l! X" l7 `4 {! M3 @3 }by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
: { R! \# @: }- w3 Fan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
/ [7 ]; q! I: b6 A: j' J: k( lhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
, e" I: S) v0 Y1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific$ _3 u# g$ {5 N
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
# c6 u; I+ h" @* g! U7 y* ?0 R" rFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
F1 J. d+ c$ L9 w% e2 uNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated3 m) T+ w' V& f& e" M" c
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
7 @& H- i# M1 c% `7 @; vwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
7 X$ b; p% M2 y) s! U9 v orevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
: @" a' }; F4 Y. N: m. }Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western- a( V0 v9 I& t$ H' d+ z. k+ j, R# ^2 W
books that made him the most productive one among the
% d0 p8 I' r5 Z3 `: H7 g' j7 Jforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
5 z5 l, a' T! `; c( Ftranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
. Z5 `# L. ^1 V- I/ K( Pnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
2 P/ D; ?% ^4 r4 Rpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).& x/ |) s- Q8 W0 K3 M z
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer" S' {& \; C1 I& s5 u
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
& p9 b0 M$ {+ I$ n' c* Jscience and the standardization of translated scientific
" a+ F" [! g! I9 |/ i: T5 i8 Rterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific3 p8 O" C# d/ g( h! B
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
3 t# o- d$ |7 w2 M. w1 f; hestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
' K" I: R: @4 }. Bcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series% \, C9 C, n" s, v: s4 B
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
+ K- ^5 b) F( a: ?Modern China.+ Q; d, G3 E$ T* P
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published# Y5 Y/ s* u& B% c5 E7 X5 L
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of* `8 J7 o) F7 x* e( {# E$ |
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
* `0 N5 Q4 N- [4 xa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
5 ^+ M4 L& L# G5 O# c; dJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
) X. W! D9 B' d, s- p$ x3 F, J* P/ wTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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