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; s* _6 k. r1 c2 i1 o+ Y# K7 X9 Nhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688, ]9 L3 U0 e: U8 l* D3 ~
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China: q% z2 ?* l3 G& y6 W5 b& J( n. L
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
8 ~; {# B% N0 r$ S9 h% b8 TFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of# v& p& o( Y4 m X" F/ x8 V4 \6 F
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
7 |( u% `$ B# K3 @4 j% k3 P. Q* T& r- l5 G- T' y7 Q; W) K2 K/ C
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .0 q1 x& ]; d3 a$ Y9 i" }
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
3 L3 y6 M7 e: U {( Y" o+ F1 ^Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
( O$ _* v$ F) I2 I* qJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
! Y$ x/ V# m+ t6 L' I9 v" ~* ^Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The: X" g6 c% P2 J$ m
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been: H0 q! Y2 T w) |; c
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not- t. X4 k! p+ |' [" z
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific0 | A% z. v2 X4 `& }1 T
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly- F5 F O u ^6 f
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
$ O5 d, k2 b& D5 Z* g; p/ dtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
$ N F8 D& c& H( B2 |scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
- l7 }, [. i! V) land then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
" }2 I: g1 {! }% R6 Cstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
* L" K; t% j. I/ z, vin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
& [$ I2 k/ H( v2 t: F: V3 Mhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
. ]1 H& _: G+ Q4 N' A. kof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring+ @$ n, {) P0 \& Y/ A; X+ S# y
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
# r! M1 T# b7 p; e- p8 `for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
" ]# ^/ X0 `7 fthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
9 @/ d/ g- [! U j" {* m& ]" sgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
% F( W1 \+ ?0 ]7 q/ n$ Yterminology.) Q5 Q) m. z' g3 v. i$ G3 t; r' e
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;- u) q! X4 B7 Q/ h* Q
Standardization of terminology translation
' s; z1 b2 j- }6 x5 T* l' zYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to* n8 A" k8 U u Q! X
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern9 b( o2 h0 \8 _3 }- O
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
# b6 z9 ~+ m! o' e# U1 Efrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
8 X7 L- I1 C! T2 ODOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213# T" b' r- Z ]7 X$ e4 _
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7 Z$ x- h& C$ Y1 L2 NINTRODUCTION
6 e# V, A" i/ MJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and8 b; a+ i$ j8 |/ |0 |
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).) e( M7 Q0 \3 O/ _0 L
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to' c; {& {6 X* L7 c6 h. U9 h
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
' {' l+ f' X/ s! ~St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
E+ V1 _ _8 `4 M, Fby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as* o) W; @: t/ i* f
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on' F. d; E4 X9 c# {' \1 [ k
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
8 H2 A+ l7 O' Q& A/ @0 Q! H$ ^5 G1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific2 H5 @4 f* [+ @ o" i
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
- Q: c1 q8 o, w6 j! |0 k* c' E+ xFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.: q% |9 s5 d7 {
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated1 f B: {7 c% ?6 y& K0 n" u0 Z
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
, I f0 I& m# p! gwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,. S- ~6 O+ i( `
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,; `/ M: n! k, l Y9 t, j! u+ L! I
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
, F# F* s) f4 B# R- x# [+ _books that made him the most productive one among the
" i2 d6 g. K9 [( `7 `: p3 H9 pforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
. ?8 s) \% Q% [* }1 J1 Etranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
; j( y) v9 P5 Tnoble work which could help accelerate the process of, a8 K2 f5 M, Y; l9 `
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
; a: Q2 ^. u& }In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer# z- n3 r5 U" ?- c. O
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
# w7 P( z& s% J5 V$ o. Cscience and the standardization of translated scientific% v/ X1 ^) ]( A. l
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
" ~3 Q8 G. }& Y) F6 D0 omagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
! n% ~- H- P0 b) j, p3 Jestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
{- L% D/ g' |1 ? w' y- k Ocontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
; b# e1 E& r7 [9 {7 b; Sof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in! @: h1 e0 k, Q
Modern China./ T; D; m. E: u% `2 i1 d w; V
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
$ g1 m& a! B! u- nThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
( i' V. Z$ S, j, N7 vtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
( S ?7 H, u+ N2 a) Q. Sa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
~% ^ M* S: P' |John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
" A' l G9 p& R, c X7 NTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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