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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106887 g( S+ T! v; {" g: c2 u
% X1 v k& K1 f$ TJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China! @9 B- R/ m& E a/ R1 Y
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
0 v; f! U: R0 v; u1 k; @, PFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China./ _2 v( p, D& V0 _
/ v- t; j6 S' n3 G C$ VLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of( X8 Z2 l3 ~6 a8 O) t
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.* ^8 E) a. M }, `/ l
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
3 D2 n: r. [: }$ D" h5 @Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018+ |) H2 M, c9 \8 f) \9 {
Published online 26 January 2018
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John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing* R8 j2 B, V- Q% l0 l& w# X
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
. T7 \8 c$ ?6 M qTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
) ^/ F# f4 u( @0 nengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
9 h$ S& k" l# M2 }$ Bonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific2 t( ?0 L+ s$ ^/ D
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
$ {# ^& X3 y% S. D. Fto the standardization of the scientific terminology# q/ D! j6 W, I7 K$ v3 d- }, _
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s/ n4 v9 P. Q( J) g& J3 O
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas, g0 Z- J' e1 x3 a2 @0 s
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
, \6 g l% h7 Q4 z, _standardization of the scientific terminology translation( z4 B5 {6 A4 x' ?
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
( v8 U6 `! X+ Z8 S( y' Y+ @he established had helped greatly with the popularization
: a( u; M* \2 Q: o7 H2 V8 Y, tof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
- N4 n; X. w& @( M! N* U9 gthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
2 O* e2 |9 N- q4 W& ~for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
5 j/ J/ u2 ]# U/ @' g5 b+ {that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a( U( N/ ~% O2 x3 L
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific0 z* D4 q6 Z* o) m; j8 N
terminology.- N i/ o0 c8 G% C
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
& B; {% c$ k$ W) L/ O# hStandardization of terminology translation
: Y, m* J; {* x) `2 L4 \Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to% l! h" e K" C2 N( R
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern& W1 t! G( O1 |5 i) A/ N" v$ |
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available6 h; M* P$ F8 v
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213- Q$ ^: k) S2 O- C4 }1 V& K& f% d2 T
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102135 g2 U6 D, m1 F; w k- H
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; B" x6 [* }$ A* @INTRODUCTION
8 v+ I8 X* m) q) h; r. R2 T+ sJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and4 k& K+ }) C e* v
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).7 e: f/ u# r; e8 u3 @
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to* a( Y+ P$ ?; g+ G7 G
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
0 R* r* {2 I3 w% ]- xSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed. Q; U B3 }9 R. ~
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
5 T: T* ^* C; G% J. k" E" S1 ean editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on$ U& j6 ~: n3 a3 [+ I2 z6 {3 G& O
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-) s* ^) d7 F, z; j6 i
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
! Q3 x4 v- F% p( w3 J: oworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,- V! C" v& k S. @' p* S
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
& F$ [9 n6 R1 N$ @Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated6 S6 Z* a! H4 L# u7 V
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
' g5 z" k0 m5 C2 M7 g1 F' @would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,% E9 v% L6 b2 N3 \4 l6 j9 [. ?. [
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means," \5 }5 N: i9 s
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
4 ]( r* Y& S. H; F9 l( _8 Fbooks that made him the most productive one among the
1 a. F% R0 V; |' b; zforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer," \+ K$ m; V+ V+ m* g8 _2 E
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
0 L! c" y7 q; G1 Q& }* `noble work which could help accelerate the process of
8 W9 v' ~; z% |people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
# {: ]% ~) {% ?* Y mIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
# Q' Y+ d' X, W4 Aalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western2 o! h+ k9 s" J0 ?) a9 b* `
science and the standardization of translated scientific6 w4 d2 B! @! l
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific, @. @$ L# D& N0 Z1 g
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the5 s8 p! C4 |1 p1 n% c5 c
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
1 _! d: S; F, X7 j$ @' m9 zcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
9 z: C) d: r/ f& i6 @3 _1 Tof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in0 Y. N2 j" S1 Q
Modern China. b8 ]: j8 m! K2 k! l( [
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
# ?/ W) G4 m- Y" {0 S& q6 B3 AThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of$ w+ y3 c) x# t4 q9 ?; p7 S0 [6 E
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing# N4 G" ]! ?- M/ g! O! T/ ?2 H
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In4 X9 y+ P+ A3 V" I2 m' E# q
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and% `* ]3 m* T. C/ y& |% B1 x9 D
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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