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How to figure a home's fundamental value% u8 E$ z1 i4 x! Z1 d
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.1 V" X% f( n% k0 I' V5 e6 [* s
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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' U! S; r0 k& U7 B$ u* ]Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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* A1 p9 ^1 t" D% ~# k# T n/ ]To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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# r; o% {" V/ K% i& NIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.: K* C2 [8 p$ s' j, U+ Q2 D' f
3 |3 |" x( {* o6 c h4 NSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
0 w* v# C: S( TSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
8 p) w: b2 k' R- @$ @8 J2 \2 ]1 GNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
. H* B; \2 U% S/ X1 F/ m3 y, xYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ) j' @! q0 p+ S8 B% Y% R4 C
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.( X6 L( m/ p- }6 Z, h
8 |; p$ o/ C* h8 JIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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# n5 Y0 o3 G3 }: l( \ Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
8 e0 T! o T; r8 ~ Avg. 1988-2000 2001 # i7 F7 l$ l2 ]+ e2 {! J Q
Boston 20.5 30.2 1 E& \1 @+ J! p$ w7 w
San Diego 22.8 29.7 , ?% t2 b4 G- D- f6 g( |% \
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 ( W% Z1 y3 {0 n( Q" `2 H4 l$ z y
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
$ z- `; }, `; J' SSeattle 20.4 25 ) K$ r6 A ^0 k3 p) }
Denver 17.7 23.7
* ~$ q- x+ G( oNew York 21.2 22.5
& |9 I! q! H% G0 `0 _ e: fChicago 17.2 20.8 2 W3 w1 ^' y Y8 J
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 ; [0 N" s' {. e
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. K2 W$ k# K8 Q9 T8 F& X! JIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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G7 X( Q" k% \4 IFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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