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How to figure a home's fundamental value, H& W+ k" l8 g2 R M7 [" a6 L
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.- ~$ \# D& g7 D& A' l# S
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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. a0 K- x, U4 V5 }In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.% F. C: f. D$ k( `: v
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.* r/ y( K- h# @4 o4 v) ~: k% F4 [
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.9 }+ G9 _4 \( Z3 I E
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.' T9 N: O4 x/ ?+ I2 J
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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+ G, Q/ A6 _$ K5 V5 RIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming." j& p1 F( ~* ]. F5 S1 _6 `+ c5 B
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable." u4 z- y7 H% g: F' w! |9 G
5 ], G9 o! N- d% ^ Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas + f L3 e' o# Q* t, L; c: a; h
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
$ J* X9 i2 I6 Z) Q) J3 EBoston 20.5 30.2
$ g, q$ ^1 _: o) |0 nSan Diego 22.8 29.7 $ l5 L0 j" l4 A, f( N3 ]
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 ) y1 K4 X; O3 U. k
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
+ p. @! Q2 ^4 q; G, GSeattle 20.4 25
( T8 i! H0 i8 C$ y z& `1 pDenver 17.7 23.7 3 M, o& C. h3 G
New York 21.2 22.5
$ [4 \& T @. H1 w2 |9 [" |( zChicago 17.2 20.8 8 r5 }5 g& z4 `: ~; k6 @
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 . j6 T/ N- K. r8 |
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.$ [; J# j, t0 a
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& m; U6 A9 K' G7 |From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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