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How to figure a home's fundamental value
& e9 y) N% P3 w6 e3 @, fLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently. i% ?1 V, @) P2 V
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:0 Y! |8 ~' F) _" z! r! y
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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% t% c0 E9 E3 G8 v' [# {San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.+ {; N( ~& _* Z! b; e
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.- ]- F; N! a# S' r! X6 @4 I5 F
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.# |' s& P3 \- W. g' l6 t
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 8 L9 J: C$ ~( x& u( D8 J
3 m- E; ^4 r# s! n- K% C. X# `If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming., r4 g2 H* z, U
2 E* c8 r3 E3 G8 bIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.1 a; T; l/ k2 e& F- G& P
* R9 H% ^ g4 O Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas / ^& }" F: ?7 k9 Z% j: z3 [
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 5 L6 ?8 R4 `! ^( P; I
Boston 20.5 30.2
* p- i% ?7 ?% b! QSan Diego 22.8 29.7
+ l; B" X$ N) r# DSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 ' w. N" C, ]0 E1 d* _/ x! @! o
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 $ |% g$ z( h8 ]
Seattle 20.4 25 1 \/ [ q( h+ S$ e8 M) u
Denver 17.7 23.7
( O3 ~! n9 B5 o9 f4 oNew York 21.2 22.5
) j; B, F( W7 m, O. d8 bChicago 17.2 20.8 1 g ~) W( D- O. ~1 X# O- {9 m
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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2 G* a6 u. o: _& K7 S0 \It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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