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How to figure a home's fundamental value, e, c- c/ N: N7 K
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued./ A2 Z% B7 X7 |% m
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:! A* Z, G* t5 ]0 I8 U! n5 h5 w
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.( M& Y& g6 E9 A" g$ o* `
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.( V2 s8 h* G& v9 c
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
# U" q9 d% Y- n/ H6 |6 ?New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.+ n! ^: y! l9 I+ r' Y2 Y3 V
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 4 n- ?* q. f1 I; M: J3 K% p
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.9 @9 P% { L& G
" j- a: Y% C- I3 k/ J. YIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.8 i3 p. i& n6 z* O* r, g% D& V' C
# L: P% @, b k- l Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
$ ?8 P' A8 A3 h9 E" w Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ! p; d- c9 O# o6 Q: K+ h, m z
Boston 20.5 30.2
8 O8 D( O# L# Q' {San Diego 22.8 29.7
5 b4 o9 E8 b. \0 gSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 7 J' I, S7 ~/ ~5 a7 ?& X
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 % [- e3 h# m: x" b$ m a
Seattle 20.4 25
) r2 ]5 E% ?$ D4 F1 _; d1 c$ XDenver 17.7 23.7 3 C4 h( ]2 B8 o
New York 21.2 22.5
! R( v9 L" D& g- ?5 ?7 ~ vChicago 17.2 20.8
+ K* P; D1 X" ]" o F. _Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 1 t( X2 w- F- C1 }& F- C4 R
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.- s' v; H; b4 q4 T1 K8 M5 g A
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9 L! c4 T" K6 ~3 a$ b5 o2 SFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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