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谈英语俚语
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$ f0 w% W! L, F8 `在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
/ T% E& [( J/ G( Y+ L) B0 d2 T之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
m" `' H0 J# p! I7 ~) Q2 o若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!0 K+ R1 j9 T C* D, I8 } s
{5 P2 A' v* z9 a; i6 Q, k; E6 b(1) empty suit:/ z4 k9 G5 i" `2 i5 k4 k$ R
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。& l/ ~* ?' U! Z) U
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
0 S! ?/ m+ b2 D% Z例如:$ z1 Y$ L. l4 V2 i) b! P. c
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.. n3 p& _' l% _/ o% Y* b+ f1 X
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)) J: s. D, n/ L' P) J, z
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.. H7 f2 V' u8 B. J: R
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。) n8 s- K1 R# e# U* O# ?
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
: Y8 t# z" Z, {' l( ^9 k- m& a; PThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.' r+ }; N) ?9 _
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人): h. j9 u+ V. J
(2) fair-haired boy:. h/ _9 _2 v F
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)8 j7 t3 s6 |& h* w2 D
(通常用单数,当名词用)
2 `% O# [( c" ^& G例如:
. Y7 f1 V2 [8 Y/ z6 m& T8 p6 q7 GMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
! ]1 S. Y) \! ^0 |& ^+ {( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
( } }1 o6 }) T+ r8 Z! ONot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
( A$ u; N6 m# E+ j( B- O5 N* j(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
) S/ s$ k9 `+ L U X0 i有时也可用复数:
# D) R8 [: {% q+ pMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.$ X+ Z+ e" k1 o
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
/ [# b F3 R3 G6 kFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses. d. l& [& V: x4 j7 R% I
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)' e M X- F/ l r4 y2 `' f
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)) J6 x2 H" F/ K+ o
(3) fishing expedition:6 d$ h! u7 ^) O' M9 p
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information). W& T6 |# W: S) N( e: A
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)" z- c- v0 g- B! |
例如:
. {( o+ Z; T5 ]8 eThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
, f( m8 x* y* A P" e6 `/ ^+ V(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)1 X' ]4 V+ N$ ?. q& Q
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.. `7 Z8 u& S! a% s( E( q! G% H
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。); v) E/ d. i# i# l9 `0 C
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
: d. { }) ]% \: v" [% T! q" G% f; MThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War. \9 b2 d1 L% I5 a: q, Z! s
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)0 R8 X m- z& R9 r0 f; n
偶尔也有人用复数:2 \: N' k& {& n
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.& |0 X* L) B+ o0 ^( L) ^( P
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。) N5 t8 h8 R: g/ N% g$ d2 n
(4) filthy rich:7 A" Z7 e9 b' i& }9 R9 J
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy) m4 f* T7 o. I0 @9 b- y
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
5 M& U8 H1 Z) P$ L多半当形容词用。例如:
: m, Z3 l2 X) ~: ^4 l2 {With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich./ |6 V7 @ f5 H8 O4 p! d
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
8 c/ K% C# U. b1 NDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.7 g s9 E7 D% O/ g2 p9 v# t0 e
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
6 H! j& D7 E: ^A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
7 N% s/ N) q# g7 o(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)$ P% ~, L8 E/ |2 k; ] @9 l
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
6 S4 R+ I; M0 O0 e! `9 ~3 ~# C(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)
+ C" ]! h! h" e4 s$ M9 f(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
) f R; ~1 }5 e4 h) B9 m% R `(5) fairy godmother:( s, d [% C- C; ] B
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)) u# ~$ d8 ^, Q9 p5 s' {$ T8 n
(多半指有钱的女人)
/ q# [1 Q3 s( y% x r(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:7 q# ~/ m, l$ l' B; R/ [5 s
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
; Z& D/ `! l5 D1 \(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
) c! v6 y& s' q6 _" cAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
' W- A+ o2 w& t& h7 {(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
6 O& B8 r; G1 b0 t有时也用复数:
+ e' P& @ W7 \/ s8 C$ p$ J- ]Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.! K0 o3 o7 h' ^
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
3 m( j; t9 s b5 N+ vIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.8 d0 n4 u$ V, {) d: T
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。), m! r: l" P3 l1 b$ D7 q! P
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6)eye opener: t* k# F) y% z4 H" p d6 r l
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)3 t7 c1 U+ f5 G2 ^# e' G0 o0 c5 `8 b0 z
(当名词用;通常只用单数) s% W k/ G8 |1 A: t$ O& t
例如:0 U/ Q; ]. D+ ?' w1 W, n& L. {
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
' O) k# c8 Y% `0 \(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
& B; j7 A% U; v% T; _- E3 q" mMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.1 }, t$ l8 u0 q9 G
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)3 }" I% y; }8 c
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
' P- h; u8 a" n# c) f' i(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
# N7 A- o$ s. |* f3 q9 pSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
6 L% d' C. Y( F& b(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
; C5 E$ z+ t9 D(7) hot dog:
4 c. l- G1 c) r3 a- a$ e6 r指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)5 R! m5 g" ~/ ]0 n2 y* J6 V) @
例如:
- u( S6 V2 g6 {6 iSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time., j8 P: {4 D. O! q1 `
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)$ r& \" |# Y: d5 Z. v
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)6 U# m; o0 C! p- E7 b
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
, m, }/ I6 N/ N& s5 n(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
8 {) |3 p6 I" V, @4 I8 m" C(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging), C! j# m" O7 p( K( P/ m# r
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.5 ]! {. ?& ?1 v) H8 K1 {* \
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
: |- n! E, u6 O- ?- b+ H也指真正的热狗食物:- U* {4 Q- f* @/ v
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S., }& W* q; Y0 |& Q& l" Y
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
4 U- ~3 Z0 P: `, U' y也可表达欣赏的心情:
* X, S; {- g4 a, @8 d. h, T9 |% l5 hHot dog ! What great news for me.
9 d" U# h" V) O(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
4 p0 @0 s0 f6 }/ @* {7 c/ L(8)eager beaver:
2 [/ I7 ]! Z+ Y; }% l N' h" [指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
1 }0 ?: { R* P, _" p' v(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
# w7 y4 Q7 w$ G& g C8 S(当名词用,可指男女)
6 L8 K2 v# K) c例如:+ v2 Q: v: D' `6 J
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.4 t% ^4 m: b6 k v
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。); @3 v9 G( ?, h2 E: Z
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
. x+ c! k) d5 c4 R. t(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)/ K: m6 `4 j# \$ e+ ?& |/ v
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
3 V( g, w& }, a" m$ v0 [: |. U& f(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?) L* ?" X4 m& o5 r$ K) O
You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.+ d' t1 r2 Z/ g
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)* \+ ]! P# y/ f
(9)doubting Thomas:2 V7 a7 O1 X4 J& N5 U
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)6 x' a* S2 q: j; E# i9 y- X3 s
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)5 V4 x# \* F% T8 _' d
(当名词用)
9 \1 A# ^9 O2 z0 x& N% @5 b5 _例如:
7 Z, x& g2 u0 \3 a8 lI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.2 A9 q1 v3 Q' l0 k0 x F
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
2 @3 Q/ `6 Z) c$ T7 O8 R" u9 \There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.9 K( `6 x( z" C2 h8 G
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
" w6 q) ~2 V( j# t Z2 O也可用复数:! p! g9 i" {! c, ?' c& q
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.: o1 _* U- t0 D# \7 f
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
+ c$ p i7 v2 w" [: v0 `2 ]+ QIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
' R! ]- F$ X4 d" ](假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)& d" t+ n. {9 i, Z* X
(10)dragon lady:
$ Y4 P0 U* g+ X. F2 ]指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
+ _% y$ p2 u4 ^( n5 T: {4 E6 A/ Q* s例如:
8 n, q5 w$ ]/ [7 e$ C' | i0 F9 wThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.7 F2 C' ^+ O, a, i
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
: M2 Z" {; {' zI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
8 @* t% J5 T' ?(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)' ]( Y! m5 f) ~5 {* ?+ m
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
; Y3 x. b/ o H n) u& m! G8 ?(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
* P0 d* S8 _0 d! \' W也可用复数:6 f! d" O- y1 K4 M9 [7 S, ^& j
There may be many dragon ladies in our community./ i/ y0 B/ {5 I/ y
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
; t9 ]3 y1 f! \) P注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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