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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 ) P3 a9 x5 j) X! X% ~: e! m
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* s/ k- E" W& j3 \Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?5 k+ [/ j4 J5 E
8 F) T: _. j# t! C. J5 L; @Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere." Y6 |, ` E; P$ p! G
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
+ `* r7 c% @1 T4 {4 j& a% NThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.' S, c6 C( P/ y5 Q% k5 K% y
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.* U0 v' w9 W+ d& S. C
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.3 s2 x& C8 V! n1 l
The country codes used are :# V8 ]- W# C/ i: j
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CODE \COUNTRY$ s | Z: S0 ~$ |* ^) p
00-13 USA & Canada4 S) M2 R: H: ~! j0 Q- R, }
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)8 X3 a/ ]9 W) d |4 q
30-37 France4 g+ n& R! t0 T7 G+ Q6 B/ d
380 Bulgaria
$ A7 b. H4 o$ n5 n! }383 Slovenia
& B2 |+ G/ L6 e7 ?. D385 Croatia
! \9 t8 p0 ~& L _+ ~387 Bosnia-Herzegovina6 |: B/ [1 ^+ x
400-440 Germany" ^; n* K F% f) ]; u
45 Japan
- ^7 O: n1 i; Q4 ^6 W1 {9 @; g46 Russian Federation
8 T+ j0 d) s5 w471 Taiwan
% g3 X! y/ X X _) R474 Estonia* Z6 q( K! M- [8 I: ^
475 Latvia0 T2 p. `7 ^1 z8 s7 y" A1 I
476 Azerbaijan
, Z7 Q+ }" [2 p- Q+ o0 W5 j477 Lithuania
( ]. Q* i0 g. n9 p; `/ W478 Uzbekistan
, w! O3 U# f& k$ e/ O479 Sri Lanka. \# p4 c$ B" d3 q M4 w V
480 Philippines
; P h5 D* {8 L$ F& V481 Belarus
4 V) P! h4 l; I1 Y482 Ukraine5 a7 f( A# w p8 ~7 j3 N1 ?" |7 a
484 Moldova. z! u: @3 d6 Z) y8 K7 J( S; m7 a3 i
485 Armenia4 y! l1 c1 Z6 q {
486 Georgia7 t6 b6 |3 [% [; w+ f s: g' w# H6 \
487 Kazakhstan3 S1 ]) Y% t; ^* x. ~, Y
489 Hong Kong) A6 {5 q; O, z5 M/ |
49 Japan/ h- d# E5 F3 L
50 UK( \( Z9 k8 ~9 R. U: \. M& r0 P
520 Greece
1 H; T$ y1 L- u6 N; ]# U: y: K% f528 Lebanon& u0 y, u/ _' G4 t# {( a9 ?8 w
529 Cyprus
, Q! p! _1 P0 ^$ @, E' _7 K531 Macedonia
: I. D. @9 A- C( S5 k535 Malta
/ s4 \3 c0 @6 [' z# c4 m: N539 Ireland; [# _' d) T3 X' z
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
8 Q6 z* M, [4 ^" G/ `6 k560 Portugal
" X5 q3 d' `% J5 |5 k+ Z569 Iceland
u' v- |5 p1 k1 K0 s2 e1 p- K57 Denmark: T4 Y, J7 A% P
590 Poland9 J2 h V J4 I: t
594 Romania) m1 O8 i# |: R: L
599 Hungary% o) t- a% E# n* C2 e
600-601 South Africa
3 N) e, {5 ?" D: g3 o9 v2 m1 j% n7 o9 o609 Mauritius: {1 p8 K% r) A' `8 Z3 O* B
611 Morocco. l, i& B( S: h# V
613 Algeria5 L! X6 _2 c4 i8 j9 z5 f( r/ J0 s% e
619 Tunisia
( g0 O6 c6 ?9 V8 s621 Syria
$ a# o' I! ]* `" L. E& i% i! i622 Egypt
9 x F0 B3 z6 A/ U- z. d* v2 O624 Libya
5 ?" E0 v- S% @3 A625 Jordan9 b3 P7 G0 O9 B5 {+ s) [) ]
626 Iran, `: e6 ?/ C1 w$ R- L1 U- U5 t, d
627 Kuwait
; l! w6 ?2 m4 O/ _3 L628 Saudi Arabia
+ B- \) R$ M1 ~2 V629 United Arab Emirates
" R2 I* Z: ^8 O# k' h4 f64 Finland
4 N2 g; _' N3 `% Y/ [' ^690-692 China' E; `4 \( n! q2 R8 N# t
70 Norway
+ ^6 @8 }! I* ~" A$ m4 F! K( H4 B/ @729 Israel
/ t% D0 a! D z( d7 D1 Q73 Sweden
/ W3 w# ]3 T' G( ?/ \740 Guatemala+ A4 L: m0 O( e3 M
741 El Salvador
* v/ \/ K* ~: q, z4 D* ?- Q742 Honduras6 c" W4 C8 c$ _
743 Nicaragua4 J+ L8 B: W O1 A5 w! s1 @
744 Costa Rica
6 \4 d, F: O1 [' q5 |) ?5 N8 p745 Panama
# N: @# ~) J, H; B! ]) m$ Q746 Dominican Republic1 X# O- G! |% e# ^) N6 j1 e* q
750 Mexico- }' @) `) g h( S) H
759 Venezuela
' j, L% U N8 f5 J- P; W76 Switzerland
0 J4 K2 |( p B6 n770 Colombia; d* E! X- b5 [! c! f/ u* D
773 Uruguay
. j( S- \1 A+ b6 M1 A775 Peru& r7 G' J% c/ G0 i# x
777 Bolivia# i8 D6 k/ ]) @6 p
779 Argentina
; s6 r7 ~& I1 a( j8 c5 g780 Chile$ \9 ]. ]: V5 |8 t6 x5 s/ F! X9 Z
784 Paraguay
, q) @) }- R1 q1 d' h$ ^785 Peru- d9 l: S0 e; C; q" W" |+ e
786 Ecuador& {0 ^9 } A) L* H2 y
789 Brazil6 _0 o# g& U$ Q3 @6 |- K* |3 l8 ?
80-83 Italy
; H, j6 e# u1 C84 Spain
4 o$ A/ C# f0 K, J; o850 Cuba
! T, R6 T) Y2 i9 ~1 g858 Slovakia) C& H2 q$ _; M6 }! s: g# j4 \) E% `6 d
859 Czech Republic; H# B& ^) E# Y+ w
860 Serbia & Montenegro
' }- R3 S! b s1 O869 Turkey$ D; r3 D: J. M0 b
87 Netherlands: C7 L, M5 p& M% ?- v, ^+ k
880 South Korea5 ]' C; h$ B6 X1 h4 ~9 W
885 Thailand1 ?7 T: s7 d3 i& x' @+ g- b' P
888 Singapore; w( {- i# E' ?
890 India* n9 ?( Z5 x4 Q# d' G- d
893 Vietnam) \4 Q/ T% ~! V. a: }+ ~
899 Indonesia
' e, K6 _9 H$ S- z1 i/ d. H90 -91 Austria
I5 m, S8 o3 y# j6 ?93 Australia5 P' B9 o! @9 R+ |* f9 G. C
94 New Zealand
( N, _! k7 x3 O! J3 z1 n3 l6 ]955 Malaysia' a6 S) \# {$ N2 e
958 Macau: j9 F; g4 C/ V' t9 d& H; K8 K* ~* B' R8 l
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)0 `: N8 g" z* L }4 w
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
. I) B9 Q" Q6 T3 k979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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( O" p8 Y0 V3 E" K3 G( w5 _. ^More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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