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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! # l/ L1 h8 B% G" R% c e4 P
" X. J; v1 v5 _) f+ [9 f 一、厕所
2 _5 L8 i) I, ?) d 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 ! I+ C x+ }, N( S; D% e' ~! i
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: . C& b ^% e/ z: F& M
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
# f: x# F! V$ M& j8 A6 } Do you have trouble urinating?
4 f: Q$ m. A3 ^& X9 q =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: 1 N4 a0 i, S- G
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
5 m, h9 E5 N2 r; T2 U4 u, _ * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
: O3 s$ |8 ]- K+ J2 R * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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: H! x- r: W, O" A; l4 W( N 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 3 O8 x) m: J5 N7 A. ~9 [
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
& s6 D, Z+ g# y; ?% d 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ! N$ ~* n( i+ U5 {* J- m+ g
. |- e- L4 M+ g+ U! q * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
5 W) ?6 `" t8 ^4 u. h 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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4 _5 N$ e* s6 l * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 8 t& M0 p6 p2 r
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: $ l3 ]$ b7 L. x1 n' `% k" N6 C
* The boy needs to pee. / [. G& Y! e, z& E
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: & R8 `1 x1 }0 K
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
3 s% M. J# l* Y% F( M4 v/ |% i * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
3 c+ v. a% x8 l$ a% Z * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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, k/ x R( {# r5 L4 `& @0 ? 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 5 K! P, C" P% `+ @4 F* d( t3 i; r
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
* P- ]: P0 t ~ * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) & Y" z- d$ u; l" U3 [) E
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
2 u# y+ P. Y3 a2 A4 y! {( H0 x7 e * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 7 I& M& S; A2 \1 _* R
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三、解大便 # M6 Q) O6 h' N
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: , p9 g: ~+ O, l0 A7 `3 p% x1 @& k& ^
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) * S% P$ y8 v% n1 Z4 k
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
* d" F; U/ O, O/ t' i2 U- @% V * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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( A/ o6 O7 M' o# i V 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
$ [) `; @& o4 g' T% t * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: " W' W" ^6 q4 n. H3 C
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) * h% h9 n% @; k3 S! M8 X
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四、放屁 3 L: l# J/ `# j" g& q+ I
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
( R$ C$ g& P6 Y+ F! k How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 7 I; q1 [ l) E7 ]$ l8 O
你放屁的次数很多吗?
- B: j( f p/ k& X. n- V * Is the gas expelled by belching? 7 C' `! p! W/ u" c% ], w
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
, {$ O3 v; z1 n * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 1 h* {' h1 \! P" m: c, D
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
5 _ N; t% j5 u( v1 u9 ^- J * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
3 m' H; D+ C$ v6 q 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
- N3 K* z6 q s * Be careful not to fart in the public.
. q# A5 H( T' e. H 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 2 r8 f0 G5 z+ [: }
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 0 f4 ?% X' \0 W. E
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
% m8 x" Z. p8 K+ n! N6 \0 C. v 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 7 K+ e( F, o( k" ]3 B0 P
/ p9 C9 o4 p2 a3 v Y: s0 Q * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. h3 n% G ?9 C8 M. B, V8 w3 F( H
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 4 V* \; c* M5 \+ o
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) * O7 ]" m% I( p7 y
他经常便秘。) 或
. o" a" p& v" r. K * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 , E* P0 Q9 y+ h |
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
, j. C$ ^9 g9 f9 t4 } * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. , |6 \+ q N" n: v) \! O5 L) n' w
! N( r) Z; l5 _- m9 L5 i! x * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
) U9 ]2 v0 B) _ 他拉了一阵肚子。 ; K# z+ {) [7 ]) e
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
% J: V& p6 M' P 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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