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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 7 o; L5 j3 u& J7 z/ C7 m4 Z: }% q
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
, C c' ?! Y# u6 V# r7 @ 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: + [- u; Y1 t, U+ Z+ q: j
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 2 r1 i) W' a0 Q- S+ T# d2 `7 I
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医生或许也会问:
8 f& Y, N. o4 _7 | Do you have trouble urinating?
' g4 M" W" j, T =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) " n2 U7 V8 b2 }, p% x& ~$ q5 ?
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此外,还有其他的说法: % p- q+ p! O4 T, t5 B' Z* @% p7 h5 q
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
: h) s; {+ W6 i9 x' s * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
& F, ]1 H7 X8 o4 l& u* Z* v * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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9 z9 w5 p; R0 E0 v% b9 `/ B( x 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
& S( z6 q3 b) L/ c# Z6 o: ` * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
3 a$ d: l; Y8 h: M. _ 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ( a6 g3 ?7 y O+ v
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
1 d& `3 |1 }, w5 D. w6 b 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 : p0 f3 j; j2 H5 z
; w$ }1 A8 o' ] * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ) Y$ y! ^5 J+ ]' m5 Y
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ! }' r7 u; u, y3 R1 M/ n; M3 G4 L
4 ?8 ~4 Z6 P& l& n9 ^ 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: % j. q# V6 p3 d' e8 L. p5 k
* The boy needs to pee. 0 y7 `5 P, M* P& A- K$ k
. f" g/ |' G1 `$ W* Z% P; Q5 x% K 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: " @+ s1 x3 U" g3 j" c. v
* Do I need a urine test?
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& a! p; B1 S3 Q/ V 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 1 ~" ~- t9 c$ r8 [; }0 S
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 6 S' R9 o( c6 f
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) * f4 K8 m4 g3 X ~4 F% C' l/ ]
- t+ Y. \4 f! n 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
8 g+ T; J: O4 b4 m/ y * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) : h* X, [6 h( E- C. E: [" r
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
, t) {6 `" N* G2 |; c6 a! z l * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) . G' i+ ~4 u# r% ]3 i
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) % v/ [3 C8 y1 m& q
! m' Z0 ^( B8 ]8 [! m 三、解大便
' W' E: g0 u* E B* K& {# i5 n* H7 ~ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
8 K# k# @& H0 B5 Z, q9 n; ] to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
- F# ]3 k% N$ b Z; V, z =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
+ ~2 n8 N/ R# J- a * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 3 p! R# n& O4 e j
% J! Y$ O; j4 }) W1 H 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
' g! }* G9 c( [# ]# m. n- N/ N * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
7 F4 v7 y3 l6 z5 e" m( O5 D: h * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ; g" w& |0 \$ T; W" U' _
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四、放屁
8 {9 e2 Q7 J5 ^$ D: `2 i g1 m 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ' t1 @) ]7 F7 l$ N7 W2 |9 Q
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
2 T7 L3 L; k$ w- F+ O9 g5 a, k; h 你放屁的次数很多吗? 0 f7 U# l2 H$ L
* Is the gas expelled by belching? * f5 }* D4 S/ I
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 P1 [4 A2 y0 t& B3 o3 l
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
' K$ @; ~4 B; w a. a 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
4 \* F% A, j* m6 r% [ * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. $ Z+ Z' L( A4 S% Q4 t. B
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 7 Y; v9 M" a; ]/ c f. h2 n
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
) j2 F6 s2 K5 {0 _1 A, a 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
1 P9 R5 _" o* L% d' G! @ j * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 3 p+ X! p. T7 D' d {
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. / @$ q, h2 s+ G8 K4 u- K# S
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ; n4 A: M! {/ \
; W! ~2 ? V1 A1 k * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ) p9 s" d/ [ o. R, f! x0 Y
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 6 Y, W% b. ?" F1 b+ B2 {% ^
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: E! k% D( L' N& @5 O+ x5 w' B: K 他经常便秘。) 或
* A% F" Q% Z( I2 w * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 + e1 b: ^0 B( ?& x8 L; f
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 & e) r+ {, r. C: E' j: u
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. + O9 n% _! @- u1 {2 W; T
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. / e7 T0 e- v- x2 E) r2 s
他拉了一阵肚子。
# y: y7 P& C4 [9 k* W) f) ` * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ' J$ e: R5 t* h" y& s
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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