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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! / r, m) ]" v; w, a1 K
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一、厕所
. p9 m+ C# }/ Z9 u 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 / p( T( [7 v8 N, g9 p3 w
1 X8 W I7 n, m* q6 z 二、解小便
+ b R% m% g( |7 `( w 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: / u# }. H% u) [* Y0 U& `
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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* G/ j5 X- C+ O# D0 M; O) J7 s5 M 医生或许也会问:
/ G+ w! Z" {0 z! N: T/ C: t3 B Do you have trouble urinating? 2 E5 J, P$ @. U+ z& _
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) & ^* N4 ]- ~7 o V" M. P; ?
1 a( ]5 o( } E) [, t' L 此外,还有其他的说法: + V/ @- X2 ^- E" t1 A( W2 O
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
C5 i f. H8 e2 ? * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 8 Y# F% O; C5 d# l' } v0 [
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ) B* D* C3 B4 w$ j, g
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. & W+ C G; f: e: v5 U
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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) D7 x, W3 k& R$ T8 L * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
9 z/ G( [: w' z2 I( ^- D/ e' D E" y 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 0 n' g" x o- g7 V0 v+ F
. z% e7 S' {$ |/ {5 V * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 8 x) x3 B( ~* K4 P: _1 V- S% u! }
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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$ F7 c! Q: c, A8 {& z1 _ 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
! Z4 K$ B1 S ]: j& T& H * The boy needs to pee.
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! k4 q' i0 n$ y! w- ] 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: * f: j& @ }+ {% k( G0 d
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: - y- u. n. U5 C# \5 C3 t, z
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
9 `; p3 H y$ |- |( }8 B, P! p/ r; C4 C * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 0 x& E. h# h8 J! ^
! q# E% W" S6 f6 ?, { 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
8 k( S: A, w. _) X * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
) F, C2 U! M4 o* @. b4 M# v! m: S * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) # Q& l0 N+ S' s* }
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
, j6 l* s& N* u- |0 r6 Q$ q/ C) j * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 0 h1 C2 k4 j; x1 i' n& k# h6 v
7 T2 g' e$ m4 y 三、解大便
& E5 Q# m8 ?. Y4 C @0 K 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
4 }1 ~) t" d: u' j( L+ ` to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
" h: f7 b( ]5 c/ p =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: , C C! d( a! E! h& i
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 5 Q# d" D3 u# f. H/ g X
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: # d" g, h+ R" f% X& P i2 U0 j
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) - ]) k+ w: J z; m% }3 k8 {: u# ]
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ( {0 V$ o' _: M2 ]; p, L
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ) F1 R9 A4 M, ]* o* u/ n p
7 ~; Z# y/ ^7 \+ J! u 四、放屁 - C6 g. S4 N" m" ]1 l
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 0 w, Q( K( r* e8 j
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
2 N. ^% F4 K' }: {' d( a4 { 你放屁的次数很多吗? 3 j: f/ E# g0 w) U3 T/ ^7 O* k+ \
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 7 @& X" e5 x# V2 D$ }2 ~9 K
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 Y! |* m8 d" Y
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 4 ~' Y& k- ]. s/ I% l
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ' @8 H1 G! A1 w" Y+ V k" |/ o+ n
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
6 I# f8 J' j9 y7 Q* E5 f5 N7 u 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 6 R, x. K. @/ c3 i# J
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
f2 i& D5 x" d/ y# R 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 8 h% y1 p& W$ t9 `$ |
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: . @: y" _ y$ P- Q
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 0 L3 i: n2 A. `" h" n
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 0 C4 K; R4 `7 H% i
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 0 |- K- Q3 M1 J1 }/ j+ M$ {
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 7 p' [0 Z( s/ e$ O1 v7 L
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 B7 c) }9 ?5 M7 F2 q
他经常便秘。) 或 4 p/ l1 Q$ y! c# s% K- ]
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 7 z$ \ k A7 F7 g5 V+ ~
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ( b4 p$ g, B3 e2 F, q j
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ) Z: o1 |, A! Y8 o& K# v
& H1 H% C- d) n2 [ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
7 a7 i# W7 @( x3 E. S: Q9 |/ J 他拉了一阵肚子。 * n4 @9 X# s4 g; p% m
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) , J$ }+ T2 G* S, }& p2 T
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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