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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
4 N- ~3 e, m2 M* `5 @0 E 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 + I& |2 k ?' ?
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ; H; ~. m5 V8 o& X' j- [1 Z
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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2 m% w5 W4 `. k1 z; T; p 医生或许也会问: & n3 N! S$ J% K. }0 V
Do you have trouble urinating?
# h6 Q$ M* V w8 N =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 4 a! i/ h- y# B9 k/ x
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此外,还有其他的说法:
2 `3 Y1 K1 R+ c: L- m% G' G; ^ to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
( R2 x( c. b; e( J * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 4 n4 K/ ^% o+ I0 T- P
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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% R2 E5 K7 h/ c) F* o' Q: n 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
5 M; r! ]% V4 I3 E$ J5 I& F8 j * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ! R( l3 k, v2 Q% P
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
/ }3 x" v8 f/ e# V! b6 [. g: C 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 8 m2 g$ M! }0 X7 r
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 9 i; x9 a5 w) Z9 U! {
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 % }. s' U5 K9 L0 v1 ~9 I4 B
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 9 r* Z1 [# d6 r6 y: i! |( h
* The boy needs to pee.
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( D Z: Z9 r9 r3 L0 m% e 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
$ b5 ] i1 F5 p R& ?$ p * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
6 M& \- B* @; O+ S& B7 Z y' R * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 2 B' k6 p0 }# q, ]8 ^( v+ B" ]' L% T
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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& _: ~8 `) e6 |9 d0 i/ w 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: : C& w4 n5 M% M# z
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
1 Q8 a3 w) D( m( [ K( W q * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
: _6 ]. X: Q: _- J5 I * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) * @9 ^1 d* q* x5 V% D
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 1 F2 g: b1 F8 Y0 O
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三、解大便
5 I2 c& u6 i9 x5 Y( j* f 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
; l7 A* Q1 |$ I( w to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 1 j7 \) [6 h0 A0 Q2 U
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: * T4 w9 R) K! i8 u% @
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 9 p7 U1 m u8 Q3 u
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: " Y$ I2 s* O+ f; `7 o
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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6 W; C9 R. b9 v1 c& p- S+ p; |8 t 四、放屁
" R$ O4 t, X% O# n2 F; s8 h 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: & T- W# O5 O+ e9 h6 _
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
- l9 p& f( D, Z# p5 g* v( _+ ` 你放屁的次数很多吗?
" ]( V9 [+ X; @$ A0 J G * Is the gas expelled by belching?
3 K. K4 ~: V0 V 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
% f y) ]9 E- f* E * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
1 ]- m3 |7 L3 n, G 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
8 Y- A* d6 `& H * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* g% `; m1 `$ Q6 L+ N4 J. F" k 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
# P& S: D& K- _3 _: Z * Be careful not to fart in the public. + S# S: r: a7 G3 K* x
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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! f( [3 ^3 t/ n 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 7 M1 x5 B7 j3 ?, F7 s
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) - Y/ o3 {2 Z. K9 a! B! `1 z
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. + L4 I6 u# l _" _) q* j3 K* E0 m
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 7 o) c$ P9 S+ s7 e! P
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
0 I, B* d% N4 G3 a 胃不舒服有两星期了。) : j0 K& U1 T. P" g# R$ J% O4 b
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
$ g1 L2 f8 ?1 K' g2 Q1 F) l 他经常便秘。) 或
2 Y$ N8 s' L) e& O' R4 h" b * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
/ u5 D9 G7 \& M) s, N! U+ \ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
* ?9 R2 [% z7 S6 W m/ L * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
, h6 Q6 ]6 [+ m- w% k* a4 l 他拉了一阵肚子。 + n, G) F2 Z" a8 C" e1 f! @' e
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
# j$ f% |: _+ v: w, P' Q) j 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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