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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 4 `2 B7 n$ H% |! P; D; _
* S/ f: j2 R% a, W* G. h* f' B% T 一、厕所
/ K. R6 J! w1 ^/ u 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 # p& D ]% w8 F [) o G- I
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: # b9 M( ~8 U6 O/ ^ O+ Q/ _8 g
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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/ a- r+ T5 g7 X8 _* h3 L 医生或许也会问: , @. O5 \$ q6 t* d$ \. v6 d/ a
Do you have trouble urinating?
* i+ P4 F9 J) j2 s( k! r: b =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ( z* @! A# t u) G# n' ]
/ b. ~, C8 z+ E) b$ } ] 此外,还有其他的说法: % P6 \ {) @1 o0 d
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
+ c" L' T' \, N6 f" ~ J * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 1 G. {* x3 _" H. ? u+ L
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ' l. D8 _- P) c. z! O: P
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
1 ^' D( D. d6 X * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 2 O* X1 `$ O& N8 @4 r1 r8 r
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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8 t0 v# B U8 e+ h- c * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
+ a3 x6 P4 K5 X) j* { 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 0 s9 J3 Q) Y7 w
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ( ^$ w3 O& }& `5 m" D
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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5 S. ~7 X" _3 ]6 y8 { 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
; z0 f# z% w r7 a * The boy needs to pee. v, v7 Y, p3 e! Y0 F9 [ Z
; ?$ R! z) S3 a7 f1 h: J 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
+ Q- j1 [- K, d6 J# m * Do I need a urine test?
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$ [) s. E/ j. [7 J S, `8 R; x 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
2 _' C0 ^% t7 P; v6 Q4 @ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. # p7 ], R! I5 |$ {0 B+ _
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 7 _9 V& m. i Z: v- w
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: # @% J/ z: O$ @; Q6 B
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 3 Y6 t0 O' c2 G' r5 H! q4 ~; z9 f. p
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) - }$ N, f+ G6 S9 n. ]& d/ V. x
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 7 v" h: T/ g) y/ L
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 2 T! q: ~( O4 J
+ u% W/ h' Q" T5 h/ _ 三、解大便 9 a3 e. b0 ?1 H2 A/ J) r1 Y& ^# z0 O* j9 q
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
, u+ Q$ a, Y! T/ o" k7 C1 F* U+ z" m to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
" n6 Q% ~2 G5 z8 O/ A0 C. ~ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
. T* Z' Q3 P. }# e+ f * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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& ]) n5 t1 ]3 j! F! E6 L' t7 i; R# @. P 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 4 Q8 s, y- s5 J
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 0 L: `6 e: r& m# l
" Y6 R- N3 F9 b 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
, ]# |, \5 v4 }1 \: b* C/ Y8 ] * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) d6 O8 c; ], D/ H5 F6 Q+ B
& @) B" c7 ~* F& S+ I 四、放屁 2 h( m4 _! R* R. g* W8 [ Q
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: * ?, y% l/ _* b
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
8 |& n, [, q8 K, f; U 你放屁的次数很多吗?
4 Z8 Z# S* N; C) v! j * Is the gas expelled by belching?
+ V' o: M+ I. W5 O4 M 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) / N$ |4 O, P' V0 W1 j, i
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
0 X* n$ G4 Q% E( J8 H 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ! ?! o+ t1 L) t! A! U: g( X: H
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
a1 F: G) J5 P" G V) M 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
2 u! H8 I7 @: d( E1 ]8 \4 A * Be careful not to fart in the public.
0 Y+ ^5 t9 y# o" E; q) [0 K6 p6 U 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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5 Z5 ?8 | K8 h4 G 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 7 B- G0 I" S/ z- N: s1 _5 n0 F
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
1 g" s4 c1 }% o& d% q = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 6 c; |; O6 ?0 L; V7 F* F3 M0 l2 z
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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) y- g+ d& E- `: U0 E& t * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. % ]# X! w, z4 y' o
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
/ l2 \0 ]: z6 G1 N1 q * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
|# Q ]* a* e! h+ S# {) ` 他经常便秘。) 或 9 [. B; s, `: L1 u/ D$ i& |( D
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
+ B4 N: C/ ~1 ~ L$ h2 V * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ( _/ J/ p0 l T8 i5 l Y! m
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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: k! O5 r6 ^# \8 [ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
( M/ t) k; {, u. x7 q" \0 L1 F 他拉了一阵肚子。 & u' h4 S4 v! l ?7 l% W2 x
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
9 M% {4 D6 A; c- t: d. K% i/ Y+ l' G 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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