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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 o' B- U) J! a% q( L. t3 R
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说： $ W& Z& G0 n) w+ c: E7 V
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A：I like apples. 9 P( J! R) `. ~' K* d
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B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 5 d$ }" [: Q3 i. Z4 ^
( r4 V% [7 j- O; @本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
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1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
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2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
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- |/ ~5 ~5 {6 M7 q! ]' Z. j+ c/ [第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is) * V1 o9 @+ u3 p7 j: ^
3 S# j" K2 T- ]0 v9 `+ R; G第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 * e6 v/ L! P# `
% w/ b! U8 v% M# l$ `3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me.
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more! ! }4 a( I$ b# W& o% d& r) `
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---Nor it is! " w1 o+ o! A1 ?: l
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This cup hasn't got a handle!
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---Nor it has!
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1 n N7 ?; z3 D四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
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Derothy: Look it's raining! % |0 [2 C# K+ P5 a; k1 F
; e6 d K% E& ?' g$ Z) aDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
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, x, S* P( l m' j5 SDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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Derothy: So we can. 7 K8 D8 i1 J* W- _
, q$ [1 V* k7 Q6 n sDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
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Derothy: So there is! Shall we go? o! }+ C1 x( W6 r8 ~
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Denald: Yes, let's.
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock. ; X I7 Y8 L# K9 ~$ |
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
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Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. & t; D+ |) k# O% k, l2 t
% f" Y6 v: K3 t: ZDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
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Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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; S2 X4 [, ]8 j- |% [Dorothy: It's the postman.
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5 H4 p6 {* `: v7 z; j' O& TDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. $ S5 F! U/ o4 ?& K% F' G2 \* a
$ M, W% o6 N% ]Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
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Dorothy: Nor do I! " o7 }4 C2 a7 B8 F
& B7 y1 |% d6 S, o& L3 x" yDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us! ! i. |( R9 _ y% Q' X* g& v
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Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
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Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. 4 i1 z; `! G+ q! y
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
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. W% u9 x8 v0 E, V0 W3 i- ~+ ODonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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5 d6 s+ X. C$ @4 G. a, ~4 l; K( KDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange. 0 |6 @0 p( x% {
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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