从"So do I"谈起

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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
; e! T% l6 `2 U9 ~例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

; Q! A0 v/ Y9 B$ dA：I like apples.
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B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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! G. l1 g. h& u* A4 \, g  G7 I　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

' W) K# p7 h3 Q9 z, Q本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

1 o' m# ~# r+ a3 V% S- e6 k) G0 B第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

- \4 L& {" N/ l* w- a3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

0 z% p' b6 F" x) E3 A4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

) Z+ h' N' c& a( |6 s' @& C/ v' Q; W$ y如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
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3 T- M8 n6 N  I% O2 t" X3 nThis cup hasn't got a handle!
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0 m9 `7 @8 `; d  b---Nor it has!

5 D' O. p6 F1 q, W, F/ h! U  D四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

5 i$ {. U2 d& m. Z- p0 |( cDerothy: Look it's raining!

1 q5 N2 K. l9 F  R! dDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
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, `* b# B  n/ j6 p! i$ TDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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Derothy: So we can.
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' N# x( a0 f% P9 g+ `' [Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

  Y: J6 H; r% mDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?

+ I4 E/ i- I3 H8 T1 H" h) ]' JDenald: Yes, let's.

6 r9 [) d# z) Y5 eDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

: [2 Q  \: l& q6 d2 i! `Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

& p( V8 J2 K. ], CDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

' D" `4 U) B3 O, @Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.

8 T# \9 r' P% W2 x2 S  lDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

3 L, J  \% z: |8 z6 _Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!
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Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
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. l* a! {& n9 M" w, F: @' L$ ~Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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$ B" t+ C/ }0 }, c2 \3 z- c1 tDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
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$ q5 S' {7 i9 @9 e; ~6 `# vDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.