 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The: o' K" H$ }3 }1 x+ u6 W: C
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
2 o) V* G8 X! U* j7 h y2 F4 N2 R9 osyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,/ p* H$ T* K( p3 S" q
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
0 O% j# E- c b9 T. y(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of" f0 J6 k6 K* ? y' m# e; s7 ?
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
+ [6 [+ m5 e1 @A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=3 n& ?8 L {7 Z9 u( S5 j
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]9 k; E; P) y: M" l
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
4 n3 b5 t3 [" l4 Z+ }retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
^9 [* B+ J7 W l6 upossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 r6 x8 b: x1 ^' C
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
% P5 M, P# ]3 }& C, p; vsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ v: I, ^9 z/ S- j; c4 [# y# Ssemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
# @5 k' B1 x( e* r, Xend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
- J3 @3 n9 y$ b: V# Ucompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& _4 X5 Q2 u* }1 B# I
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
$ B- @6 x, k5 D. r) Q9 d5 Y5 a2 g4 k
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ @7 ]! j) ^+ S4 r% {5 y: Land American speakers of English, |
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