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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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2 c U0 ?/ j, K1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》) g1 u4 _2 ]) d4 F8 O/ n1 l
( ?3 N* i- h3 B3 P+ K( B5 ^Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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1 X2 p+ h3 G' e5 j2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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2 x) F9 g+ l7 P3 p* \; D6 P. iIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) 0 Q$ ^1 R# d6 I2 L6 O) [ a7 [! O
' N- V6 Q9 u( p9 G* k5 ~3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)" z: j+ f3 j; e
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)/ Y* w% s8 y, }( n% E+ q0 l
- w/ P: ?& R( G7 n; z4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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! s) ?+ b, g: }" r4 ^She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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' T; P. _& p6 \6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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$ {+ ?& y, o7 {& h; C1 RBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)# o6 s, }1 ?0 u4 e0 J0 x g" L
4 c9 o! F" \; q/ h7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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% g, F3 I0 I" T' o( Y& RYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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- F3 U( w. |/ `% x5 ~such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)! N- n* [; b' n; Z5 Y' p
$ y0 k4 O" ^' r/ U% H+ d, Z8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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3 A0 O! @( f) `* |0 e2 f) ^Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。* W8 \2 G, [0 U
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:6 N- X; A' T/ b
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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9 A% z+ w3 I, t3 t不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:5 ?! Z' t4 m. w# [2 s2 \
& [0 E- F% c; D& j5 y+ s2 u11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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