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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:5 X' C+ B% x4 @" T; j8 ?4 f
/ L3 ^3 j6 `. k7 X7 N t1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》): u7 x, m, G; t, t5 v* h* s
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)6 R4 h, G( N" R. k
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) + F& m; C- o9 [- g
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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4 G+ P$ B- p ]3 m5 p3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)1 u, X F- b( I: a% I, H% c5 h
6 `# i2 p6 I, H) k& F4 R4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) 9 r, ^3 n7 s- r! V' r0 ^$ }9 V6 `
l% J: r5 f. RShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)( f% n7 ~/ H1 E1 \0 c. {
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)/ p* i' u8 |) l+ r% q V6 j
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)7 r# G" C9 u& g! @2 \
( B* o/ C* {4 j# Y- g$ gBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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' o" D8 z4 E) D6 A; W7 z0 C2 m" i6 qYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me* s3 t' |7 X! `( z' z$ E
; S% U; O: J$ o+ A3 Xsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)* ^6 X [- B* b9 |( G3 Z
4 r) J$ Z- H! s+ J0 e$ y可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。, U$ a7 e% N/ J$ m: a, ]/ ?6 m" G
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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) i9 q6 X& P( t. {& h5 n9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。' {. C, G' r0 b% `* Z
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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4 R& ?. l! T2 x, x% ]不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:' J' M- F2 e" L/ I
7 t$ r) d$ `& _. J; g9 E11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?( O0 L+ c j: w) { d0 }
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems6 q/ \; s$ M# a
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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