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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688/ L; S: V. K# ] h
9 U/ S4 H7 f% E" ZJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
, I9 z$ Z8 c% }YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of8 z& p/ [& V, _7 }6 C% L. h9 s
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.+ ~- p( r, t3 ?9 D: f, x2 @
. b4 _; P( o- S2 l8 J# c* nLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
v! h# f% q# B7 K g: e. i; kFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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/ }9 O+ i' O% h6 k9 V1 h5 y) tSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) ./ P9 O% O0 l0 ]8 }2 w- O+ `/ A1 S
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
; [3 x6 T9 n5 f4 CPublished online 26 January 2018; A" P. X. j8 `* C# ?& R
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Abstract
. S! |5 \/ d7 c+ OJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
4 H4 X- q7 ~2 m# K% |Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
" l0 d ~/ J" s7 K. c; BTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
3 J3 f0 W% {% l! f- I ]3 t# k1 Wengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not4 h7 `' V2 b6 J( J2 ~5 v1 K# H3 ?
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific5 V$ h# k2 Y# |% @3 I
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly2 E8 g4 I+ u! X+ j* N7 M( @
to the standardization of the scientific terminology7 e4 y3 b! M2 h
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
% S5 v: {8 `% D; y8 L7 k1 D, }/ o3 Fscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
$ }7 h3 R8 w8 Band then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
7 t6 h+ a/ J6 X: m6 K+ ^standardization of the scientific terminology translation8 o5 q$ y8 z( a1 P, i8 \" c3 ?
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
" {! z# {* L- E7 W+ Q! a% l* ~" Yhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
3 ?, k5 X# x$ Aof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
5 D+ L& E- D/ T" Mthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
( b( a0 [- \' i% Cfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and. `/ W# |# o3 A; G2 M6 O
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a% i, L0 a& Z; _+ `! h& B
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific. `! y* p$ c1 ]4 B$ u
terminology.
8 J0 g: m* a9 d4 \3 oKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;, o3 L! P. M; T
Standardization of terminology translation! @/ q/ w( \( ^, ~9 A
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to+ k4 d: X- a D* ?. X) ?- N
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern, i9 O$ {/ x; ^5 D' r2 |
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available- d+ d3 A. o q
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
% W% e; K/ X- q8 m2 `! eDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
- I, c8 ^2 L3 `0 {" K" b. yJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and6 q& R& t/ a4 ^0 u" |4 W1 T
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).$ [- F1 f( p& f
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to2 _* \# ]9 a1 |7 l: c
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of0 [# T1 [* Y6 i+ M* F" j& m9 L' T- o
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed8 G5 v1 R9 f' k% ]! E" U
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as% Z# m+ O( c) M. X
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
( S3 Y" A( a6 J0 J; d8 P! khis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
3 j& F" {( ?; ~0 ^* o, \" E1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific2 o( c; D. P. L+ n }
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,# z. m" j, }7 U; I. ^/ o: J
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.. a" {! z' o# z' s
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
% R3 G- E- H! T0 vto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
, Z' k. V J% s6 J ~& e1 \9 h/ [would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,6 }8 M+ D) I @ j0 L# o
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,7 S& N! z- g R& C* t
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western3 s* V% e1 ^/ v% O% s
books that made him the most productive one among the1 K) J4 \4 P: `5 F; _3 Q
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
4 L; I( q* a+ B8 g+ R8 W; Y" Atranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a4 \$ r& V- x! Z0 `/ k/ f3 F
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
- O3 v# p( o H5 T5 z M2 Wpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
) I- O1 l/ V# O/ [; y+ z- YIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer+ {7 r1 X/ w! e
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western# P0 [# w* {5 R3 p8 u
science and the standardization of translated scientific+ E6 Z4 G* t/ B4 N5 g
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific) u* x8 e$ [" F8 d0 r
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
$ V6 n3 Y5 b- O9 A1 @9 h O- _establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another; t( c) [0 b" `2 Y) j
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series* E) B5 p' L) G/ k1 M
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
0 y: I* ^2 {' [Modern China./ Y2 a2 J/ b. N# i9 W+ J- D6 h
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
" V4 M, W0 z4 T8 \; y3 oThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
9 g, d9 g# }4 D5 g( h' W; k& mtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing Q8 L( z9 X, b+ W
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In0 W( _' [4 v1 D. a' U
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
( X1 H% Y* ^- B3 ~* J. K6 hTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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