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' q2 H7 A0 v* L& R; O0 D) D9 Uhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688& R+ r+ F- K! u' E' v5 w( _( X! P
3 e9 t a" n0 _/ D: R) e, t1 BJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
/ `* Y9 S1 }$ f @8 HYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
/ d ?2 Y& A" D3 n8 JFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China." m; L+ b& C0 f9 I" s0 {
* g* U1 {* H; z- X4 v7 `9 gLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
( U5 n2 ?8 y$ s# d7 D, uFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.5 ^: S) M9 p" w2 B+ S3 B9 N6 L
9 D* x) M, _" L8 q7 h4 h8 J/ n
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .& `6 ]6 [% w% w) K, E6 n
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20184 Y2 a u# f$ Q. j4 `6 g
Published online 26 January 2018 F0 M1 Q; S2 F
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Abstract1 I) d R3 c1 p# u+ e0 `2 V
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
2 F9 G# | A/ J/ V8 v2 ]& IDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
! a3 [! G/ M; {" b6 gTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
7 P3 [: K: B$ m, Eengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
0 F R) C- m; [3 Wonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific8 l. C, J1 I E+ e0 p
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
+ e$ N' [( O) z2 t4 Y0 b) pto the standardization of the scientific terminology% i' a9 h g+ Q" o4 X+ m$ y$ }0 t
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s! z- _( c, ~( l
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
, P1 l4 L3 ~8 O; ], b; f/ \& b! `and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the. \) N; R( L: W% ~
standardization of the scientific terminology translation. G' y" b* ^; T: k7 f2 L# ] E0 N1 u
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
0 @) U% U3 M% a" b7 H; \& She established had helped greatly with the popularization
% `+ q: x I n- [; u/ F( O6 g! U6 tof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring9 X) ^0 B& V. p+ d t W
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
6 V! w& E- I6 u* K( [2 {: xfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
: _$ }. U j9 D ^8 j% J6 Y. ethat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a/ \1 `$ {' ]* ^0 f1 E/ R6 K/ Q
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
. S! r- f/ `" _9 B( b' F+ ?. V4 k, {terminology.9 ?" I% `5 q0 J6 c
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
6 U1 Z& ~6 \/ v6 b' I% X$ P' {Standardization of terminology translation
8 k, M/ f. K- l2 E* |3 v5 DYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
) t/ N6 V7 y. M2 i! D+ vStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern: i# m$ u/ w% y! K7 n
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available+ [9 R0 n- p( d
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
# Y' g! r, M/ |6 vDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213' m% j% {0 j. [4 T2 ?
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& g3 [: s2 T8 s' yINTRODUCTION
b7 T# T: r. i9 Y" H; e! W1 }John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
" L8 d P$ l. g! Y- Y! ^a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).: G: E$ ]+ N1 A* \9 a, O
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to9 u0 m# C3 K' W% ]0 h
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of1 a/ N- y, ?2 \2 }8 l6 p: y
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed" Z; F2 P Z, M2 g1 `0 O* [
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
) P" y9 N/ E' N D. k' Q1 Pan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on- W, `7 s; G2 f" Y2 L
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-3 g3 D7 s8 I8 B; u( G) h5 b O
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific+ c6 v2 G) {: w" W" b
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,( H" {- U- f6 x. n6 {) W" }
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction./ A4 D1 S' D- ]& ?( q5 A
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated4 v& i2 N: X7 a4 [
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
5 P' f6 o: Z" fwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
7 x- G/ ^, Y7 u" krevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,! C* i8 X* I u+ f4 |, p9 z) ?
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western+ l3 P- Y% t) O+ c
books that made him the most productive one among the) K) x5 D; h7 h" ~
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
! d3 Z* q% W& E$ D/ y/ ktranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a o$ q- V/ Y8 T
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
1 H: t+ K( m/ T/ G1 j1 P( Q/ G0 A' Opeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).. U; v8 W' j+ \6 B
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer; Y3 ^( {' r8 e9 V$ d
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western Q" A3 |# p; }7 p2 U+ j' M
science and the standardization of translated scientific
/ e. u5 ^; |" w, {# n) a7 G Nterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific3 c: m% O" V0 l( M9 L1 i) B: P
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
2 t2 P+ V1 d4 b lestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
; B" K/ X8 w6 [: K) Z. H) M* hcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
% K, {5 }* E# i$ H( S. r& ~' e0 Pof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in( x- i, O' |' N/ d" `# }# |# I2 w
Modern China.
( @- j; d, u- b' }! nAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published# Y6 v) Y- X( x9 F+ Y8 y
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of* j) T/ }5 [, B' p
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing0 B9 b$ x# Z& F" ?
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
. A7 t$ q1 _2 \ |John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
) F6 k, {! [! ]1 P; b0 TTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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