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' J) o1 r* `: T9 Fhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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! y7 J: u: \6 t6 y6 mJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China) x& r+ R' G3 ^3 V* l# T# O
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of. Y( ^9 N1 r Z' |( x7 `( n, H
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.; l' D, H, Z6 b4 H* Q F: @; R2 U
9 v' L! [8 \, _( j2 t- q \3 ALI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of& k0 P: X2 }! y/ D
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .4 B6 a/ j; j' E, I
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
0 S! b, N" S8 P0 GPublished online 26 January 20189 c& m$ `( u" S; P. ^* O0 N
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Abstract, H( d* l' i7 b9 b
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
C8 R8 I \; _5 h/ TDynasty who came to China and was employed by The$ T9 H3 e5 W, K1 t. o8 h6 E5 s Z
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been' E8 q1 k. _ Y8 R
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not n4 P3 o9 V/ v% v7 p3 Y
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
1 c, T4 M; c( j& O) D/ l0 s) Mworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
0 l! V8 V" z5 [5 [, Ato the standardization of the scientific terminology7 q- H* J" l) V2 H
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s& I; T! {3 y3 ~: C) U6 H
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
8 q& c8 C9 o- }" g7 band then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the, w! B' R1 @; d F% X1 t0 c
standardization of the scientific terminology translation) h6 X: Q7 c. [; Y3 E1 V
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien+ O' B7 _4 [- k0 t9 c& q0 G! I; J
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
; d: x- L; {# L2 K1 Oof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
/ M+ I- T0 N( `the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
! S6 M: Q3 n3 P% \- v/ Nfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
/ O i$ j- P. qthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a2 c+ \4 T' L2 J9 k
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific9 E1 g; z$ b8 M
terminology.. G* S2 c" |( n" q% T
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;' F3 V: M7 q ?8 V9 S+ L; h
Standardization of terminology translation$ j- D0 }8 E9 l- O0 N
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
0 k6 S: s" m$ N9 o) OStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
) N: M! @8 \( Z9 [; Q. T; L+ TChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available+ I* A9 a0 Q# H$ H( Y& ^
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213) i2 A' C" t2 H6 @4 \- c
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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7 ~! g& U$ Q$ O% ~( U x" DINTRODUCTION' I, i" O+ n. l- `8 Y' z( q
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
- h: W: Z6 E4 ^a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).$ Z$ o# M' U( Q
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
: ~% S. b" ]- ~$ o3 d% ~- n" F1 W$ t9 ~Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
& R; K; v% g* _% C. OSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed. v0 y* k5 E5 }. U
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
% ?* {8 a- G0 a' N( O" E1 Jan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on3 {! q' {6 ]& V, D! K
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-' ~3 j8 ?- j. W$ @9 A( F
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific% }( J& a* N$ \- r! T
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,, @9 q Y) ^7 P1 I$ o
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
, e$ K& A/ _* I* N4 M- Q, ?Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated! `$ z# T! ]1 h; T: d
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant r5 K5 i7 R& L6 ]3 D
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
B6 C1 S7 x8 R% m; yrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
- ]+ d! ], d+ w8 e+ QFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
7 x% w7 e' Q$ U+ _4 C- bbooks that made him the most productive one among the
8 E4 q6 ?+ Q. w8 Q+ tforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,; V5 p- `# o. b$ b% B: @9 { m) y# c
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
+ b5 F0 g8 g i( K4 Q1 Dnoble work which could help accelerate the process of# E6 t R# ~( H( `
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
5 \. A/ G3 N( n- R5 X" k: ~In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
! r3 S7 K3 q: E7 W6 Balso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
# l2 m* p* y" d# W. u/ }/ Zscience and the standardization of translated scientific
' |2 E* k$ o Y- M8 }* R+ H3 Lterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
% R% Z& Y2 Z# omagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
" G0 b( M5 i; A4 h Z% \establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another8 q0 s& _2 @3 j% W2 H9 g
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
0 u* F$ x* J7 t) l: f' I- Kof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in$ @7 J$ X1 Y; T+ {( ^0 ?
Modern China.
8 n) [7 K; t5 hAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published. n# o0 j4 g4 r1 G
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of" g4 a+ c1 p/ D1 }
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
$ b7 \) Q5 n E' k/ g, X f Ia lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
/ E8 y* M7 r% {2 T9 r& J5 MJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and# O0 @4 }7 _* v2 k
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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