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1 D- ?" }7 d% x, C) Rhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688, {" E8 j; V3 h- _& E
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
2 h2 N, t+ N- |/ MYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
2 B0 S) t' W3 c Y$ x8 ]Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.1 J' B: t0 f& m: l# @& |/ R
& V b8 N6 r1 Z& ALI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of7 o8 `0 n+ z2 e
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.! |" B" l- d+ q0 s( `/ s
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
0 g# i2 N9 O' J: x- W" @Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018* D6 k, n' ?- |9 h5 l
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
% a |" P4 _5 v7 X7 rJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing) ?7 d9 i! L) g" E8 M4 e) a
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
7 [5 \5 M# F+ G& Q( ~Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been: o: i( k! Y X1 L
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not- I, Q! o; u3 H1 @" r
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
0 U, e$ j' h: o# q/ ^works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
4 v( v3 V7 T) x& uto the standardization of the scientific terminology; r8 z' z# j- Q) k2 |0 d
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
, X1 w+ A% O, X H( wscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,4 h2 A! n2 l C4 Y( T7 Y: t1 a
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
6 i: N* Z3 O. g( h& {8 J5 rstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
2 }7 O' o" n( K+ F, Gin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
. Y+ J% B5 ~% X( ~he established had helped greatly with the popularization
8 t; n5 j) L/ o/ U/ Oof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
: S. ~: O2 ?2 T! Kthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
9 r; }& W4 v3 s- C" w1 [for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
. N) j9 X& I% V3 Y6 Vthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a/ ` i6 q7 Q7 s: t* d' N( {
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific7 w: y/ L4 m. h% j2 M5 |
terminology.
* W3 E6 R4 Z, m' wKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;/ p/ j/ w2 K9 D3 u0 H
Standardization of terminology translation6 G/ h: u. K; [+ `8 J" s, c E
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to/ `9 u' f6 t a, ~8 I; V) p
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
& C5 G4 q& T, V* V) J2 `4 fChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
! I3 {( z( I0 k: R: D% Y# ?) N7 Cfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
8 }4 O, s" }6 h4 G' S$ Q mDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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l1 [: |* e, D4 S3 B+ MINTRODUCTION( d% n- V1 K- J" B' A5 }% p2 {% I
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
* K) ]' m2 o3 S# ?, Ua great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
3 s2 i3 e* }# K6 K7 k9 v3 h# `Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to1 t# ?" n* d( o) F
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
. P: K, E! U) CSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed5 B6 @ s$ p: u+ J- b, @) V2 o
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as% f) {& t1 @# j2 I2 w! n( _+ _8 V
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on7 B' @+ I( S. q4 G% u
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-4 k4 A: F' B( a1 s3 t% I" x7 [
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific& Z, a! R3 _8 u' f2 M. o& v" L
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
, c# @8 c' x0 N2 S, }$ N, }Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.% b3 U: {0 ?" ~5 c5 O
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
( B8 N: v: z, V" F" a7 I2 E7 `. Z+ ~0 Ito him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
, ?0 f, x) @3 iwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
1 F# S3 E- s4 J- ?! o- |/ Srevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means, A9 R, F9 Z8 _: \7 s9 U! F
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western8 Z' G& g' N) k' B( H& t* i
books that made him the most productive one among the
5 w f+ [' V- v2 cforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
0 T8 Z( a% j( s9 d, ~/ p( l0 T& ptranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
6 ~! Z0 x1 R5 U- }noble work which could help accelerate the process of1 t& v; A7 E$ ^ y0 D
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).2 N8 B' k9 ?6 T% Z4 y: k% g
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer) |- |' L8 y1 B# z" F
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western4 o2 ]7 [- J( D' [' @
science and the standardization of translated scientific
0 M+ ?* b+ H4 e/ Q3 Fterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
1 ]0 L( u" ^% F) x* omagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the& `0 p) M9 t! ?0 e: @, p
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
) T, i$ S. ]7 k- r; ~contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series, C* O* H' t+ Y" h4 ^0 s' A
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
2 G B' C( l( sModern China.# U0 [5 v4 W4 ~3 A+ w. M0 d
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
$ M$ M( v7 Y; MThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
8 J: }9 q' G' q5 f9 Qtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing, ?$ K, L! }+ ]: w9 Z4 m( A) U
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In5 k7 w# B; O$ p6 @; r. P7 p
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and0 b8 Z( w8 E9 g" I" @$ t3 S0 J
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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