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How to figure a home's fundamental value
2 u! x* N3 \" A0 I# Y$ {Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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1 |8 V7 H! V$ C' X" \2 Z$ u3 s( \6 jNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.; u6 ^% f8 ^$ m- n- R$ m; f
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.: R1 W- O8 ~+ I
& ^( C( y. f8 U* [San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
5 w `0 M8 z6 s2 QSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.& N& R# q9 T7 L
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.0 L8 R+ s$ T l4 X2 g( y7 G- i
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. % L9 t# \" X4 n
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.% {: x7 E$ F8 U# x$ i% A
* Q7 _% P: U8 b% `2 b1 ]If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.- @- y4 V( P; O$ e1 f" ?
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas * J' W' a5 J F3 [1 \
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 * T/ P6 H1 A: s* D8 N5 x
Boston 20.5 30.2
, q! W: M1 X( _9 FSan Diego 22.8 29.7 2 e0 Z5 m; A2 ~+ S! y, G/ h$ e
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
+ r u" a6 B7 [+ y9 x3 sLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
4 R# X a% \/ {: N: E, F" LSeattle 20.4 25
! y( O9 G7 W' t1 R% B+ vDenver 17.7 23.7
/ J U2 J9 v6 {9 }' O+ U+ C( E- D" BNew York 21.2 22.5
) M( l/ F# h7 v% PChicago 17.2 20.8 1 T2 @# n, z# F8 x7 ~8 ?
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 # P7 [% U0 R i$ q
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! e% R: x% t9 |! _$ VIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.& N. @" J0 _, Z& q( y
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. Z& g4 s* R4 P% V" S& ?From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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