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How to figure a home's fundamental value9 R/ {! U& `: _, ]: ~- Y9 b: {
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.' i+ Y O, @0 i0 p- {1 v! ^+ `/ x
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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' ?+ _2 l# G8 `( z0 G0 xTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:& g! |4 b0 U' Y. ?
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8 y! G0 h# a3 s+ [7 n1 ?' hIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
* K5 O" T* L! B. M c7 g) wSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
. M1 J& R( U6 C1 Q4 D! R9 vNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.7 b% B" ~; J. S( k
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.9 f, @% [9 o6 G
! e, c, Y# Q2 lIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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/ _/ |) h3 F2 r c9 a' O$ f% X Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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' R; N1 P5 O H/ i! W, E2 {( J# gBoston 20.5 30.2 " E6 r& P4 k6 I0 G
San Diego 22.8 29.7 1 V9 a$ l! N- e' _3 h$ i c
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
/ j9 [% I# O2 }Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
0 ]' n" Y& b0 t$ E2 A4 Q% lSeattle 20.4 25 9 N! A o7 e# d7 n& R: j+ ?
Denver 17.7 23.7 * P: l; E, L8 D
New York 21.2 22.5 6 U6 e p' A+ G( C5 \
Chicago 17.2 20.8 ' ~% l& M+ C/ K# {3 J- m% j+ a
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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+ n) c% |' _6 m: Z7 H0 RIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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$ x$ K+ r6 U1 X9 e. x8 n2 I' S FFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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