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How to figure a home's fundamental value: n6 U5 t# M# n
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.8 c6 k, A8 b" v/ G
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.3 }- l% |- K& x& f8 w
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.4 _! w- @+ g) e; m+ Z U5 t
+ a: k: e8 w' ^4 J& }& ETo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.+ U. _& A& s0 H3 d
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
`2 b; u2 B) {San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4." o0 S3 s& W5 C6 F5 K7 S: B( [
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.$ b8 ~+ y- K+ }
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. / F* E5 ? E ]
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.& x7 B2 O$ w1 t9 |
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.! z) z1 c9 t+ _
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas + N' F! ^5 b( t- X& x
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 5 ^9 h( S @* v; n+ g0 r% D+ ~
Boston 20.5 30.2 9 G6 h [4 i1 g x
San Diego 22.8 29.7 + [8 k" G$ W K
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
1 p; u! T) e8 Q- R3 qLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
) b5 K+ P; n, ?" Q2 V% m3 A& rSeattle 20.4 25
0 U6 K2 N9 r0 D! {8 ^3 IDenver 17.7 23.7
3 k# u1 @. ~5 v! d* Z; |4 N4 qNew York 21.2 22.5
4 I. i; Z% @: I4 _+ lChicago 17.2 20.8
! R* x) P4 H# ^Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 / y1 p" c+ Z8 |" A: D
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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