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How to figure a home's fundamental value& k' o- d) d; t$ W6 Z0 Y; I' m* M
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.* g4 L$ x3 N) |- l
5 f% ^$ ?9 A/ v) BLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:" ^, N% C ]& ?* ^9 o) i! v
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7 P% J9 \" f# b3 _+ r5 lIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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& U; Y( H5 W9 v6 i- M* M4 I& rSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
. Z4 R6 c: y/ a9 z) CSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.. J9 s$ |" P# _( Q2 y2 }+ _6 s; K
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.+ N) z5 J1 L: s6 j
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. # W# q2 a- W# y( @+ S
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming. |2 \, |, n: D/ v
1 T6 W+ e6 m/ h$ YIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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5 g: C( ?$ p+ S! k/ c5 B Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ) o0 N! V" B1 B8 O$ B: A
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
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San Diego 22.8 29.7 0 `0 e+ e# C, U5 |, }: I, _
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 1 T8 l" W0 G6 ?( B( ~, p
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 9 p/ }8 J. v X9 ^
Seattle 20.4 25 6 d8 S4 j. Q4 b1 g* H
Denver 17.7 23.7
* N1 _% b$ o! w2 N! ~7 ENew York 21.2 22.5 $ D# `0 m+ W$ o7 V. n5 ^
Chicago 17.2 20.8
) E7 Z% E) v. ~, e8 w% i; ^% EWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 G! g$ ?& G$ g' `% K
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) D6 g/ u7 ] R/ \$ s& }+ ~& Z3 F6 r3 iIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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' \$ s" p+ n6 ]- CFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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