 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- p5 U* V C, r/ o
Formal Statements
0 ?# o8 I2 i6 u, `4 V 1. Public Speeches8 o; y B& p# m5 A" I r+ E- I
2. Letters of opposition or support$ V. D8 l' a9 ]- x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 W+ n/ e7 d: K _
4. Signed public statements: i4 l, w% A ^! u: G/ _7 t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. y* P1 o& M* z* @ 6. Group or mass petitions
' |) V+ j+ H4 C0 o2 v$ I; {+ p; u* C: T& a9 n/ V: h
Communications with a Wider Audience
' `& }: {$ B/ k4 v8 i { 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 y8 B, ]* M* ?
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications i+ z, K" U! z" M: V, K- U* I
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 R; _4 \, G( g9 k' s4 A7 I 10. Newspapers and journals
2 k# P1 M; n; d' f' B 11. Records, radio, and television
2 T& j7 K( }: C) f 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* y3 ]$ a" I1 r0 d5 |
" Z s3 h6 ^. h8 X i5 P+ {; X! F
Group Representations/ y O# y9 S: h* C0 k7 [
13. Deputations
+ y2 a7 T3 Y0 k1 v 14. Mock awards
5 T$ y7 O- d8 \7 j, ?$ c 15. Group lobbying
. E1 m) C7 z) m. j 16. Picketing0 i" t; R! h3 ^" B* l% q. w9 y. K
17. Mock elections
J( u3 `2 M, m, H1 [3 i" w5 [4 n# L( v' z0 U# v% r
Symbolic Public Acts N3 T$ V7 |8 ]1 {
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* n# A3 O' B! e+ @8 h 19. Wearing of symbols
# S0 e: X% ?; Q& h3 a5 s 20. Prayer and worship8 Z8 f7 W1 S: ^9 l. w X6 q. B! J
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 Z2 i" t/ r; ?. J' L9 T# T 22. Protest disrobings
- d; U* d5 i: b# n9 w$ U( @ 23. Destruction of own property
1 z* O; M" }( w A" p4 O 24. Symbolic lights
" N5 @8 J1 ]/ f: ~' C: g2 {, N8 o+ E 25. Displays of portraits
1 O! {4 m0 m( W 26. Paint as protest, {5 v% J' |( Y) E' u# u
27. New signs and names3 f& }5 W; V% S( U2 c! i
28. Symbolic sounds
$ [. M% k5 i. C, Y' h" M$ e 29. Symbolic reclamations- x% q* X" W' F' U* q
30. Rude gestures
' e7 o8 u8 Y! l, W2 q" l: s+ q/ b% Z- M9 {3 Y1 y: r3 }% X
Pressures on Individuals; R7 Y' T O7 y @& v
31. “Haunting” officials
# K4 m% c' `& F; v1 I; l% x% s 32. Taunting officials+ o0 g& ]$ M$ S
33. Fraternization
4 e% f( @# C6 H; @8 \ 34. Vigils6 |: v4 t7 K6 l$ E
5 d6 p' k; p" |1 L8 s- QDrama and Music% P m( k# h2 n% |+ }! Z- D
35. Humorous skits and pranks
, G# q$ x6 N7 Y6 k p; p3 m 36. Performances of plays and music! z, K) v% U" k, P
37. Singing
/ N& Y; G) l; p! I! O. z/ ^6 l5 i- i5 U J0 s1 D4 U
Processions n' j0 [* _4 S6 t& {
38. Marches
J( I2 i3 @ V1 S9 ~ 39. Parades% ^! B6 p. L! x& q0 Y
40. Religious processions! z4 @7 E' b9 l6 P: \. C% @5 y
41. Pilgrimages
/ w7 m. y u. I' b2 C8 Z 42. Motorcades
- _; J! n; J9 [0 I; ~5 j& R d5 ~: }- r# S
Honoring the Dead( v& w; A: V! m
43. Political mourning2 R; g% p, C/ d/ m1 Z; }' u
44. Mock funerals" q/ f0 x" b, x4 o# U$ x
45. Demonstrative funerals
0 m4 G% Q( \$ c+ F 46. Homage at burial places: ~# r' R# O4 r5 ]8 R! g! N8 y. N- H
, G L: }) e6 m4 N1 G( yPublic Assemblies
5 w3 ] L" F: Q* ` l# A 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* {$ S2 |* k6 G 48. Protest meetings1 q# I8 t' z( u7 n3 L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" @( Z% L+ W C' @* o$ [4 P. O
50. Teach-ins
) K" |- A5 f! p) ?: o8 X j- J% o, p) x0 `1 G; [3 a8 z1 I
Withdrawal and Renunciation* x* u% N3 J% }$ m' `6 f
51. Walk-outs
: L3 R$ v# e0 B+ o 52. Silence& ?+ K/ `1 C0 }1 @# z) R
53. Renouncing honors
9 m& U& a0 X y1 R( y 54. Turning one’s back7 U# I; \ I- [
1 n5 P1 \2 Q5 ~$ j& ?5 y, w
# h: u3 U) r6 R& m1 N6 Q, u+ M9 k
) Y9 s: N4 ?5 c- \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 W: |2 q& q' Z6 R
6 z' Z; l* u; I+ [9 J 9 w* c) G9 I. @0 t# Q3 i
0 c; N+ z( m" y0 O; d2 N1 ]) {, xOstracism of Persons
: N% w5 f+ I+ [1 Z 55. Social boycott
) {+ B7 x+ D8 |5 X 56. Selective social boycott
9 t$ V3 s6 a) l" `% ~ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* O1 P0 f4 s5 H. h 58. Excommunication# q7 o7 Q I5 L$ O
59. Interdict
8 f" {' T' C- q* D9 \9 Q8 i0 c$ q$ A( Z" j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 L. k( {$ C) }) @8 {- a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 o; w( J0 B! |4 j+ `: L( g, V
61. Boycott of social affairs
' u v5 c9 |% w7 W- b 62. Student strike
; A5 V4 ]( v8 D+ b% u; E" d( ^1 t; P 63. Social disobedience. c5 H9 L% c( n/ n' y* C
64. Withdrawal from social institutions' y$ ], W1 {9 I/ E) j% f% L$ z
/ w t" n( Y$ m" b5 GWithdrawal from the Social System4 l( M" y! \1 e( u7 a7 B
65. Stay-at-home5 s! B: X3 `) m1 h* z
66. Total personal noncooperation
! f7 _* h8 ?2 w6 ~, N- m" ?# a 67. “Flight” of workers! l$ s2 j, |( L, p' E4 N' f4 h
68. Sanctuary; G, |3 p3 F$ i [2 r
69. Collective disappearance: y2 Y( a4 u" ~* F2 W0 @: \) l8 @1 p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 B; m; i p& T7 f7 Y* b
5 C$ `- f. T; L7 f
+ j7 j+ S2 t) O
5 U. k3 @( t) k1 qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 _: u5 f) E5 L8 V4 e" U Q5 L
# _, y# A5 P' [) y# R8 ]9 D) N 0 q8 u; e' w2 q) j) h. N
Actions by Consumers6 N; F- O( q; H! g$ m4 @: e
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 }9 m2 h/ D# g' C8 t- b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* C3 V6 l( C9 G5 {8 n3 f 73. Policy of austerity
0 y2 z4 ]" m/ w% Z 74. Rent withholding
4 S, O5 Z" w) C( a" `/ X( e& w 75. Refusal to rent
" c- l6 B' m5 _1 G6 n$ y) e 76. National consumers’ boycott f: C, J. w i4 z& m; O% e
77. International consumers’ boycott
. S \4 r, }2 q" @+ d
* J- E2 t# T' Y& GAction by Workers and Producers, L& U) ]) \. r
78. Workmen’s boycott
; C+ O& k- k+ u- h0 V7 j 79. Producers’ boycott
8 M, ~5 }" `2 w
$ p: _6 I* ~) ?$ B. L- v4 fAction by Middlemen
; {1 ]( @; ~1 ]/ v 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 ^7 Q8 q& @! K7 s) b; ?6 S
* o- d) v+ k! r* G: X8 [
Action by Owners and Management
$ e; s! t% B3 [3 ] 81. Traders’ boycott
) k. V; t' P) L3 _7 Q1 g 82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 q" V: p4 m; c! P% f0 `& N 83. Lockout
. d3 h- l- L6 f 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 g4 b" z! x, h" Q 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ C8 E6 l' M7 |1 W8 i
% ?: `! \& Y, X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& O+ P$ V3 A. m: q$ M5 `9 P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 e1 j9 j: i% \7 v/ L6 a7 g0 g
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: f# F$ L' g2 u3 I
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! S+ \0 y1 g! `: r* i8 J6 s
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ |# h3 J& M+ F& ~' m 90. Revenue refusal m* O' ^5 t+ {* O+ l- o0 E
91. Refusal of a government’s money
, b4 I" q* U& c& ]7 @1 s% ^. z8 f6 S6 T0 b! F+ n: N: ~: D' B
Action by Governments
# b9 ^0 G; Z, z/ q$ F$ o, F 92. Domestic embargo
. |" ^$ i0 X' ?: f 93. Blacklisting of traders! y3 F" {, ?5 p" q; n5 X% [/ f5 J8 D
94. International sellers’ embargo
) @- s; b; Q s( p0 U6 { A 95. International buyers’ embargo5 I2 j& P: u2 g# m: ^2 n
96. International trade embargo2 S5 u: v. j: V: V2 ^4 _0 d
% Q/ J* Y' X7 @, _6 d4 n9 q
2 X0 a; ?- E! b/ B
! H( }) F {8 t0 d. I" A0 Q( WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( g; R0 N& F/ H6 {) h! g
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. a8 c, l/ O* Q" ]3 Q% v7 G. zSymbolic Strikes
% E) G ~1 v- A! _# ?) V8 Z 97. Protest strike- e) X7 O9 f' H. Y3 Y. I7 d
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 a7 a$ {4 j) T+ _8 y3 r) F
& N. k5 A _ W$ SAgricultural Strikes0 ?9 ]: {- w1 T# M6 @. r/ P; S
99. Peasant strike( q! z1 k2 M5 U2 W: p/ M
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 S3 }. y3 @0 n+ B9 v# Y& G- p( c, i- I3 j1 B1 M9 r4 T" J: }5 N
Strikes by Special Groups
' ]0 d* v0 T8 `7 w! L0 R 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: G7 `+ V% b4 Y/ c* d 102. Prisoners’ strike9 f+ p. m5 `# ^ {
103. Craft strike
) }/ ~) U) ? G3 Y8 Y 104. Professional strike8 q, X. f5 O, ~
' S- o" R; m+ k2 P
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* h) H B6 y: U7 t, B' \ 105. Establishment strike$ V" t: Y( [; y! u6 m/ o
106. Industry strike
! G1 ~ n& w! _7 [$ m- b. M$ L 107. Sympathetic strike
$ |7 @% R+ x7 m4 S" w( Y$ b4 y# Q0 v8 }
Restricted Strikes
! \7 A) g6 ^$ P, Z1 k 108. Detailed strike: R7 N7 H- I d. G
109. Bumper strike
. ^6 u. S3 X5 {$ _1 r: N 110. Slowdown strike7 b* [! R0 h: C0 c. P3 ?
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ D& d: h C- d# Y) ? 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 k5 ]% B3 {9 S9 t9 z; B% k3 ~
113. Strike by resignation
5 r& i5 t t( J _ 114. Limited strike
! j# h' }0 q8 D3 M 115. Selective strike
0 j. P/ X& ]% m2 F
4 _. _- E! v- _0 \' E- Y8 tMulti-Industry Strikes
- J5 X+ l1 C' r9 S4 s) k) _+ c$ Q
4 \& _9 n4 J/ y( n 116. Generalized strike
" y8 E' J1 N' ^% ?
. t- }: x4 `6 R7 l: T! N ?- S; D 117. General strike- `. G1 ], {' U) k: C7 d
$ J, z0 y, C$ G3 }* _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures D5 r; w( d& f0 j- a2 Y6 v) x
. p# r9 o. h& S 118. Hartal
5 y- O6 P) ~! i J6 a* u9 H- p1 M' N
119. Economic shutdown+ b4 M0 N# {, l- @7 [# u( B" n
+ E( m; ^) f; U- ]; x2 [ Z
1 G# ^# v8 w$ o+ ~9 [0 a1 `5 A5 b, o; J& z; l/ U/ u! v2 \6 S
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, v% M8 r* H0 G
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2 X! Z3 X \/ h
Rejection of Authority- b" |# R! o o
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. H' |) q6 m5 K v 121. Refusal of public support
' R- O" X( ]# y7 d% \ e" c1 g 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 l7 d6 X0 _% T+ Z/ ~% A @/ O9 D9 z" ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; K1 U' U6 |' i! k! b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies W9 S" }" `6 `
124. Boycott of elections
* O" k% k$ ~, B4 B8 }9 @ ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 j3 H F3 I' e' F$ P& w% g. A 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: |, p. B3 |7 i) I4 `( @' z: g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- s0 z) |: w: n" b" R5 B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 o+ v; t8 P3 }1 _1 {8 ?1 e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ p3 Y9 t# P5 C3 S4 _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' F. I; C6 }( l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
Y0 O) n" j0 H0 b4 v; F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 @- `" H/ r9 n8 N3 J
5 O3 p+ c3 }" v. P) B8 i/ {Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" P/ `' U# Q' b& ]3 p1 \6 y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 }1 T* r- S: e8 Y! p/ e" p
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- ~- g! }* j; ]2 J$ z) R+ e
135. Popular nonobedience
* \8 [' Z. P# H& d 136. Disguised disobedience
2 u* r0 L3 D* o. d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- I% X, C. q* z# y7 j4 D% u/ C# J
138. Sitdown
* z2 p% R+ G( U: A6 x 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* Y9 c a: U6 c7 k0 E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- G* }! I8 b: @# m3 W" O- P 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% G7 ^0 p- k( H1 W& k- [8 y3 j0 r7 g
Action by Government Personnel
6 W0 m1 g: H8 |! r 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- v9 E! f( u# Y0 g2 r2 o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ |$ f9 r0 R# b4 U( H8 T 144. Stalling and obstruction# z) A" O1 `% }0 o7 h" J: b
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 t$ L1 @4 _' h3 I* w/ ^6 ~! t6 w2 |8 p! I% l3 C
146. Judicial noncooperation7 z2 Q" V3 U5 S, e$ M" f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, L& X3 W! m1 }# B) W 148. Mutiny
! ^0 q; Q- U% M8 ?% CDomestic Governmental Action
2 ]) i2 l% v. O+ @! ^* w) r6 h2 \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; x9 u) t+ j& P( m- q$ J9 e
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( _7 ~$ A7 H, H& |# n) ~. y5 H8 u& v* t) B
International Governmental Action& M* F3 t5 ~. e1 X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 e p+ i& d6 @/ a9 A+ o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 Z; n" H; q8 t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 E9 l+ l, {3 ?9 J% A. s 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 o% d4 A. t, a# A6 P- ]$ M; R
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
; {$ @+ T4 w# K! `' \) ? 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' D' O2 `8 U, m$ S( c8 r& c
157. Expulsion from international organizations% }5 p3 L" z! _9 @# m0 x
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% U$ Z5 s5 `$ X. ~
5 R3 G( \/ C) x. @/ z. X) o% ^THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& U: A7 m, A. o& l7 n" n* Y* E, [6 N9 I$ S2 |% v6 S; Q2 f
6 F8 L1 l, T4 r* y& [/ B X
Psychological Intervention4 S; v+ {! x7 V+ B9 f0 G- {
158. Self-exposure to the elements9 C+ |, L" s2 p* k3 q) g' S1 w
159. The fast
% I8 C' g9 {# S6 A1 O a) Fast of moral pressure5 h# k- j, {' p- n
b) Hunger strike
5 F- V. R; m& ]+ ?5 k c) Satyagrahic fast! B1 O! j) ` V W$ N
160. Reverse trial' m. T' t% b" l I
161. Nonviolent harassment5 A2 G" a w* Q% F
$ A1 h4 J* u% `' L! {* b
Physical Intervention
3 t" o/ N5 L, A* X1 ^8 V 162. Sit-in
6 r+ }3 M% u/ G/ X3 `- X* l 163. Stand-in
# d5 g3 ~; p) B' I' B% s2 l 164. Ride-in
: `- C; Z) t- x- K4 s* s 165. Wade-in
0 `) d! T( H; Z Z 166. Mill-in
! j0 j4 [. q% a* e( y/ q 167. Pray-in
: \% E2 S& U9 d2 T; f6 V( |; J 168. Nonviolent raids% }9 z; _( L3 u: q
169. Nonviolent air raids4 ~% L* E7 U+ I n# m/ c
170. Nonviolent invasion* }# [3 k% {1 t3 [1 }7 \- B
171. Nonviolent interjection* ], b& Z X6 V# n4 X6 M
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 H8 t% a' g. @& |# k7 V
173. Nonviolent occupation
, ^1 D1 C$ a- g( s z {
" E; w) P' M( ~% a( p) ZSocial Intervention
' _7 Q+ c/ B- v0 V; K 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 G: @. V# ^( V 175. Overloading of facilities/ r$ p# A) |$ b9 W6 R9 \3 X& j4 j; m/ o
176. Stall-in
( c" f% |5 [: D+ r8 x" _8 F) Z 177. Speak-in0 x, J- w: q, i: G' b
178. Guerrilla theater
- v3 X+ n" Y7 v& `* H 179. Alternative social institutions
2 N, R3 w5 Z) I 180. Alternative communication system
1 U& I4 x1 J P
s8 s, D2 N9 ^* i( Q- s* Q, A1 fEconomic Intervention
' O0 ~4 w' i; m5 m `+ z 181. Reverse strike
0 N8 j8 U8 h" `/ W" z 182. Stay-in strike) z- W8 y! H8 w
183. Nonviolent land seizure( {( q1 P! `, q5 M$ v7 ?
184. Defiance of blockades5 i; w5 Q5 _6 l( B- |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& `/ {$ E# Q9 P2 L 186. Preclusive purchasing
2 P. _4 K- [' @4 B5 { 187. Seizure of assets4 |" ~5 a1 J( g( {
188. Dumping
8 [: s5 g9 t$ F1 ] 189. Selective patronage
' O: z$ B! @. C% D; P 190. Alternative markets0 W1 a+ I$ H# o( }0 |3 J
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ z8 f, N- }/ r* C 192. Alternative economic institutions3 j8 V2 T9 A! O c, k {4 K7 w F
; m2 x3 r( `4 a5 Z' H" \3 z% j
Political Intervention9 E0 i& w% i9 O2 D5 m
193. Overloading of administrative systems8 C; V3 y" n" \, m4 d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 h |* E j. X, \ K: V- ^: H: J+ j 195. Seeking imprisonment
. i% `& j0 c' d4 \" d: ~5 q# x 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. l7 g" p4 S: E- h; G" N 197. Work-on without collaboration
. L: w. o) y1 s4 F, f1 _* y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
4 Z! A9 s; w( Y# j1 _/ u" @6 L, ^. U6 J# @" @9 \7 @5 q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
