 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) j8 |3 y2 t! ~- A% q; v% eFormal Statements
9 [' S. i w# C {9 @" r1 _ E 1. Public Speeches
0 s c$ {0 n2 I1 }3 x 2. Letters of opposition or support# u F! ~' F5 h8 {# C
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ Y& k, _0 E: X; C
4. Signed public statements# Q4 S, T4 C( ]
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, e5 O! I. p. p B) d# V2 U 6. Group or mass petitions$ W7 r* a6 p* H
, k* q( e/ k* B V- y) i8 e
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ X2 C4 n* x5 D- U {1 Q. b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ h6 L& n) |' Z ^# Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! E; _$ ?; r* K: s+ B
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ Q! m3 v$ v' I9 t5 b4 i
10. Newspapers and journals
# T+ ]5 a7 W* @0 H7 M- L2 r 11. Records, radio, and television
; K1 X4 Q# E a5 ?. k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 S4 G6 y: }- ]2 Q
/ x' V* }+ c. R. YGroup Representations4 z _. K7 [1 q. h/ O' f
13. Deputations
# ^4 R8 _( u9 X& B+ l Z8 y 14. Mock awards
' Y# B, L% i# `& i 15. Group lobbying4 @, r: p3 z7 M% w1 C) _
16. Picketing
s; b# E, {6 \' h: R 17. Mock elections- E) K$ n! H1 }* M8 L& b
* E4 m2 _; i3 @' Q: A8 J
Symbolic Public Acts
8 _: Q h8 j& o3 c 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* k* E a1 c `8 w$ |3 C) B 19. Wearing of symbols
$ F5 h' E1 i" t% ?% z. y4 _% F 20. Prayer and worship
- Z" }) U) r) D4 U! k4 f" W 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ c! k' c" L9 o 22. Protest disrobings
, Z* q& }/ l8 | Z- C$ y- ` 23. Destruction of own property
& \) _7 N2 M$ ] 24. Symbolic lights. Y, N: y0 Z+ Y9 Z5 k+ i
25. Displays of portraits6 j/ P3 x5 N! O* T
26. Paint as protest8 J+ H0 i5 O7 ?6 J8 ]
27. New signs and names, C. Y+ s8 g- |' E# L' W
28. Symbolic sounds& v: Q: r, Q. O" L% F9 v3 o- D( x
29. Symbolic reclamations( N a+ P" P- U" r% c$ {1 N
30. Rude gestures
5 f! ?5 r- j, y' Q5 i1 [
. b ^/ b! |3 pPressures on Individuals- Z8 }0 U( J, `" J. k
31. “Haunting” officials4 L( _2 a/ v& T9 W. V/ o
32. Taunting officials8 y, T$ u/ g. l7 y9 _) z i
33. Fraternization0 L9 T; D5 X4 p! u6 L6 h r# P5 H0 r
34. Vigils U$ H/ P( R) S: ~
- z5 L) e1 ? V/ y. K2 B
Drama and Music3 ~7 |: N# d5 `$ A2 Q& i
35. Humorous skits and pranks
; T7 V4 H& g7 N 36. Performances of plays and music
6 _9 w9 R! q8 W5 S9 j 37. Singing
) N3 ^0 A. Y& s$ j7 c3 j: l3 }8 F; W' } {0 Y @1 @" z* O
Processions
1 b; m0 `- z4 w& @) w, y: u 38. Marches
% c2 e4 W- U* O& ]! t% D: C9 [2 ] 39. Parades
( a6 O/ w- j. I 40. Religious processions! D+ J' E m% j' }3 r$ t9 w
41. Pilgrimages
. A% |0 g% m/ c- Z9 K8 m' k0 H 42. Motorcades" _5 I1 s9 q8 J$ {
7 \1 I5 a$ `# k4 H7 IHonoring the Dead! V3 @' {# t1 c: f8 }5 ]% L
43. Political mourning1 N* r" h6 {8 y7 U* |: V2 A
44. Mock funerals
& E9 @) Q% `' `! D% R$ f 45. Demonstrative funerals
. f8 T( H1 Z: V' n, I- y 46. Homage at burial places& y5 i4 Q* Y, S/ ]
, y# a+ L* p1 M( w: c9 q& f
Public Assemblies1 E' X& k' v! M, M/ B. A
47. Assemblies of protest or support* T# I/ T" ? N% {& N! p# f: g4 q
48. Protest meetings
3 g; R) P, _9 m( w* F: \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 Y' V+ z0 j; p, X4 u
50. Teach-ins
2 k3 s j8 H2 Y; X3 \; m
' {9 `4 o( J C6 V3 bWithdrawal and Renunciation
; X& k0 v* `2 q- | 51. Walk-outs
7 D/ }# ], o2 F 52. Silence1 F M! e6 J @
53. Renouncing honors
+ o" g4 }; g2 o 54. Turning one’s back8 U# A/ \3 f, z9 f3 ]+ I" t
5 F' \% I' U, ~ Z9 W: S- x
. f8 B& x7 a+ L4 M f. i6 {1 P
; m G# h" S- D/ U# @9 e) sTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 l! e, U8 m8 `
/ H t, C4 I; r9 o b0 F + d0 I- [$ r* o+ ~0 R0 |
3 T8 P( V% y3 w( C$ C5 Z: YOstracism of Persons
1 N# Y9 |+ D/ r; `# g) N) `7 I' M B 55. Social boycott! Y! k! }: b8 X$ e% [: I% R l
56. Selective social boycott
/ `5 b; K' T$ ]% L3 ` 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* U7 `6 C6 B1 [9 z& ` 58. Excommunication
6 @; {" N# K: F4 a* `* Q/ B7 m 59. Interdict: v- {: C9 ?1 {4 v5 R+ K) d
/ @7 s+ i8 \/ `" F, CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 p8 I& g& K' f6 V! T: H5 q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 T- Q1 |- F d' y$ x4 c$ s: c9 f7 ~
61. Boycott of social affairs: X8 i+ s4 O3 [; k g
62. Student strike* M' I( R& |# V( h9 F4 f; P, I
63. Social disobedience
. X/ q- Z+ i) g Q! c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 P0 s+ z* s9 H9 n
+ w+ c- x& P' C& Z
Withdrawal from the Social System
+ ~! l: i( b- U* a. e$ G" |4 i) T 65. Stay-at-home$ y4 @- o ^8 Z7 K! ~) V8 e2 u
66. Total personal noncooperation0 [9 n: ^6 f& ~. ~. y* b
67. “Flight” of workers
, Z, X& Q* O; A% G( E& \' X8 N 68. Sanctuary; ~* ]% u) E' @, z
69. Collective disappearance
+ [3 W$ D% P9 ^1 }6 O+ Z/ ? 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ Q: a% K, ?9 q8 A
/ }: S/ K9 m; d1 M# \
9 _7 P6 S! R: P' w
: L: f$ C% I3 j1 t( zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' z6 |$ K5 t L7 R, u! {
: p2 R- F/ B" T% H _! i/ F
0 n( w E) H( `) MActions by Consumers
4 e U) Y9 W1 m$ | 71. Consumers’ boycott# G& u- D% m8 I$ T8 Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& a2 l, g/ @ c! y1 _/ x, Y: W 73. Policy of austerity
/ \, y. m& p2 i0 z0 Q, v( B 74. Rent withholding
; I: C2 U% U2 }+ B' D8 v) x 75. Refusal to rent n$ M3 C) |9 x9 x! m/ H2 ~
76. National consumers’ boycott
( u0 K6 w- @4 c/ [ 77. International consumers’ boycott$ R e1 n1 U0 l) O; \( n' d( D
% i& |0 D: S$ g" E- i. p
Action by Workers and Producers
- T! X5 i; I/ @2 J8 W 78. Workmen’s boycott3 z. D2 U) a- g6 [. N! i1 T
79. Producers’ boycott
/ j5 X- ?" t; Y$ n# x9 ?$ v% [0 J; k' n# Y' X
Action by Middlemen! k- i5 ^% \% r, `; I, M8 ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" I0 ]) c2 j) U- S
4 E" _+ {! g# j1 ]1 rAction by Owners and Management; ^) h3 r; p, d h1 o! B) Y- g$ @
81. Traders’ boycott
1 T8 x) o# t) Y5 g) P 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( ^+ R7 {+ P ^( C; j 83. Lockout4 H" c" b: i' d; C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* g+ C" A6 d. J) X0 E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
C9 p' q4 K: d% a2 P9 z: h9 @: u6 i; i1 A" Y8 w5 Q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources. i2 C# J+ w! A0 @( y8 U
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 E$ b3 Q! q1 t1 D4 p: D! o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 x B0 \# H1 f. u- }! O7 B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! o) g1 y4 F4 A4 d" L& \$ Q$ u' V
89. Severance of funds and credit7 L1 a* X# u- x( G- W1 R
90. Revenue refusal/ B$ d: P- x; b: x5 z' n1 j
91. Refusal of a government’s money
, l- k% k) p- o! s; z* F1 N1 N6 P' A4 {/ H" i! [* U
Action by Governments
4 c" U. _3 G0 e* I 92. Domestic embargo
- z0 A/ q1 G5 E! h$ U2 N R 93. Blacklisting of traders
" F# }. a+ K5 H2 R' P/ o4 @ x9 k2 z 94. International sellers’ embargo
# @3 x, i' M: b. v: c( h" [$ a 95. International buyers’ embargo7 r g1 d2 J( `
96. International trade embargo
% u% |4 H7 o3 H2 o5 s
* B/ d! s5 Q W k, Z# C# f1 K6 e7 n7 X: [
& W9 V; j# B% L8 Y& _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
O6 \, a/ {0 Q! v# M5 N0 d7 [* X9 i2 }# o: f3 {
: k+ K' m5 _. S0 e' U0 N2 ^
Symbolic Strikes
5 b$ J/ D8 E, t% N n+ y 97. Protest strike: h# E$ h1 \7 j0 A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 @, U$ v) S" b7 j5 t. L5 h7 ^0 U F1 U
4 K. j& P3 G z7 g; R8 L5 pAgricultural Strikes* S2 H% R, L$ P# u6 H
99. Peasant strike b1 }0 _! u* ]7 X |9 ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike' [0 L' p# [) S3 p+ y- |9 `0 d R/ L6 A
. r& O* ~. _5 o- E0 ^2 t# t; nStrikes by Special Groups) E, R- V5 h; R
101. Refusal of impressed labor) ?. b; H6 B7 o( g- {
102. Prisoners’ strike& x# |" ]$ K+ J
103. Craft strike
2 R w' t4 X0 i9 v 104. Professional strike z( T5 f$ P( L/ i/ `/ e `
5 N2 S3 k3 J1 Q! a [
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% B# o U. O7 N: S8 q, }
105. Establishment strike
4 Y4 M2 _3 l7 e% m. B 106. Industry strike
5 P1 P2 {9 M$ Y& ^; x, c 107. Sympathetic strike
1 _- R5 Z: g Q& l+ h( |
/ j% b1 S a* |Restricted Strikes! t7 C8 x F3 P; Z% ] ^* ]1 [
108. Detailed strike9 i. p- {4 K: l% k2 Y8 Z! z' m
109. Bumper strike
* x. [- B6 \, p 110. Slowdown strike
. j- J3 }3 l, V6 A 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 W. |" y3 F+ K$ t0 M5 } 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 Y9 f1 |1 F. X1 D 113. Strike by resignation2 s$ t, _# @! s; u7 S3 Q3 q- m. k, e9 c
114. Limited strike, ]: N9 w2 s# i: Q9 w+ `
115. Selective strike
, z7 b ^! i% e# g
0 U! D3 b2 e: j7 nMulti-Industry Strikes* d1 w: O O$ `1 A
0 k' P- a" c/ H/ I; c! M4 O+ } 116. Generalized strike
, Q- ^0 v3 F! H9 o' x8 S1 f8 v
. G1 g% G. x. C7 K4 z 117. General strike# _5 E- z! ]) h
. r1 E' _# X7 f H. I
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 Z3 a4 Y. }9 F7 [7 o
8 H, s8 M# q* t4 q$ E, I+ L5 s 118. Hartal
9 {% V1 c2 B s8 p+ o# m6 E# S8 C1 }
119. Economic shutdown) Q( z4 k& T2 g+ M" u* A
: b$ q8 x- |8 c1 _7 X
U5 u: l/ S7 P, H+ B, x7 W1 j T8 k- s
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% u6 h+ U2 p) p* i) g* o
+ E. ^; m) o. p: d- H' s( D % m9 a, J+ `1 M0 m5 r
Rejection of Authority
/ u2 k8 _. R* { j 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 f9 R9 g/ ^2 U @* ]% { 121. Refusal of public support
7 O. s2 @# h! }3 { `# L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" l( a( H; r* `
6 t R/ U4 T6 |/ ?$ @4 s
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ I& R1 @; ]0 ] K 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
J# F5 w( J1 V( y( `% K 124. Boycott of elections9 ~' j4 @9 ?( `$ B% {7 `+ d
125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 f0 `) n* C2 a1 y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies B' ] m! Q" j! k2 p7 }" X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 H. g/ ~* g# G5 c0 W, y6 Z5 Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 C' S2 u5 i4 j! i5 P4 ^' s1 K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ t; C# G4 @ ~ e# A4 q
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( {- ~: U" c0 R; f7 s 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ q# t6 C8 H# H: v1 S0 R 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 k3 c+ {+ e* s) h. X
3 v! u/ A) I0 V* z+ PCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" O$ ]8 P1 |2 j9 F0 c4 D6 H0 ]
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 c9 O" T$ T3 g( n* k, B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( r* T/ k" j# Z) L! N' f 135. Popular nonobedience
) Y% ^1 M- a3 M/ B) r 136. Disguised disobedience
9 I7 ^/ L) c% V$ S! R- p5 X 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
R) x" R; j, p7 b' N6 R 138. Sitdown
$ n9 F" E6 b1 w1 j& I/ ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' O/ G4 u+ V, z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 b$ o7 N8 {) U5 G( Y& y% v* h
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 y% k6 o8 \2 c+ N* o0 V7 W7 W+ x8 D
# ^( Q# X+ v" J7 n& O; i6 SAction by Government Personnel* w% E& }+ ?9 L9 _- K3 w- w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! }1 p' Q5 ]: r1 v5 c: g 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& H$ R3 z0 c, ~/ P/ m0 l6 L' r 144. Stalling and obstruction
5 u4 }/ k; l% m: `6 t5 P 145. General administrative noncooperation
( K4 D9 A& b9 |% r
5 `, b4 w) ~# S. l 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 F: Q1 d( q- J0 Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( N; `8 f, [3 |+ a0 u+ ~
148. Mutiny6 g2 [# c. }- L! [
Domestic Governmental Action* Q' [4 P- x& |, \& {8 W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 |& b" g! k) f2 |/ Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 J% E, a l0 }
& a+ m4 v! U0 Q' g: @/ i' w8 K
International Governmental Action& ]8 {* R$ {9 m) Z+ \4 \
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
[' g( S/ d! t$ u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 m- t2 Z9 L+ e. L D S3 [* M0 ~ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& q8 [; h; l: u7 l* ^' _ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 C3 G$ P5 \4 r& v% h% s
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ I: y/ c/ R0 s! E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 a8 M; }1 m" n ^% O( }
157. Expulsion from international organizations, n; W0 c% @& ~
, _2 u* {/ r y 4 }9 M, ^$ g9 O: {/ f2 E
H( S2 ^# e4 n3 f2 w. T/ j
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. L: u, A$ E8 d
) g$ W* v) O% v8 R! v6 ?
8 z' o/ v$ w' Y# n
Psychological Intervention
! o6 z% e6 U) { 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' n2 k; X% y8 S" S+ m+ s" [ 159. The fast% ]6 }. G) j U: N+ L7 Q
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 }1 l' K3 A4 h b) Hunger strike
+ H/ X$ S+ W% k9 M1 K9 B* X3 X. u2 e c) Satyagrahic fast
7 Y8 p+ V0 I) A% M 160. Reverse trial; l& u' |2 y* Q) S
161. Nonviolent harassment
% h" j/ V; O6 ~
) k, V$ R- g+ P, }+ N$ C" @! KPhysical Intervention& W4 A( K8 Z: t/ i/ `$ z5 W9 }
162. Sit-in
- `5 `9 K& F/ c' ~; S1 _ 163. Stand-in
6 `* _5 \7 v" @* X# Z4 ~' w$ P 164. Ride-in0 t f' {, A2 q0 m
165. Wade-in
6 s% y# Y& Q/ \6 R* b 166. Mill-in% w# ^# t8 p5 n- F7 x5 J- t ?
167. Pray-in
% m: [% u; C' v# x; `) e7 l E: V 168. Nonviolent raids
, i( t. e& Y# r8 X0 T" F6 y9 y 169. Nonviolent air raids* j' }, L2 m) |" k' Q5 U* L+ ~8 }
170. Nonviolent invasion
" a/ K% c) \- P' P9 V, H( w 171. Nonviolent interjection
# L4 |; x) A# T% S! s! T 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( G. ^5 R5 N! y+ @% @ 173. Nonviolent occupation
7 p/ O/ o# b Q- g" a" i
9 T( I& U$ _/ x' w% jSocial Intervention4 x, G5 @6 }0 ]: ~" o
174. Establishing new social patterns* F) @5 f4 H# W. U& {+ V9 b c
175. Overloading of facilities
4 x* b9 Z# w9 p% [ 176. Stall-in; U, f6 [8 I( [$ W# F% W
177. Speak-in
" B1 M7 N) A) V" ?: S. U0 W 178. Guerrilla theater- i p# n/ e. d' X: o, P/ r
179. Alternative social institutions2 s# m% w4 q' E H
180. Alternative communication system, j5 d5 @7 X$ Y {7 ^% R
2 E- S7 _2 i" V2 w+ s$ C! t
Economic Intervention
- B4 O# n+ H* Z" e3 K$ s 181. Reverse strike5 L c. l. Z6 r3 g. z
182. Stay-in strike9 b; s) Z) v1 t
183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 k- w( D/ l9 F; y \: x 184. Defiance of blockades
6 Y6 B( U5 O/ }' v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! B9 F' N2 i. [ 186. Preclusive purchasing
) w% H5 g$ @8 D4 o- q2 q# z" {! i9 Z' v' M 187. Seizure of assets
3 ~& K- Y: f5 S* { X) Y7 _ 188. Dumping
7 h1 r% b) J, R$ U( A2 O5 G 189. Selective patronage
9 v+ L5 l6 G2 L 190. Alternative markets5 _2 f& w; _+ `1 s; Y3 L" N
191. Alternative transportation systems
+ [1 N! T' I6 B- D- }0 r* l- ^8 B4 f/ ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions9 b% O. B& X# d% N2 A6 F4 f
' @# }' b9 @/ U" ?
Political Intervention! v9 L% n; ]" E d. L7 e
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ @/ I" P! R7 Z! q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, g2 R; r5 l+ F3 Z- Z 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 \% ] o2 m8 A3 a7 I1 @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, ^/ d2 k$ m9 N/ |' R1 D 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 Q5 Q/ e' }8 G' ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% _# q) S" k% c7 Z6 t' M
3 r% Q8 X0 [, k1 q0 ] |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
