 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, j( o0 k- Q. Z/ g( t( p& w. G: g
Formal Statements
% I/ r2 g8 {1 T' r/ |. G' W 1. Public Speeches( A: J" X# [2 Z5 A F$ F& n
2. Letters of opposition or support' \* I8 ~, [$ ^9 G- H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 @! N' }0 z" k0 h+ j2 F 4. Signed public statements$ M; p [* q2 `7 n" O7 Q, m$ A/ s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, e6 ?1 Y) i2 p+ m2 Y% \1 h/ I1 e 6. Group or mass petitions! U! s2 a) _( h; O, l/ Q
( G% d9 V& t3 x% }Communications with a Wider Audience. R; K @/ p$ ]9 o! f7 w9 p" x9 H% R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# |5 h3 W$ {4 V1 I: r0 H7 v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( n6 \' L9 W* h8 R5 d
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 t4 P# s$ E2 d4 e 10. Newspapers and journals
$ K: W0 h2 k$ W% Y1 {( j3 | 11. Records, radio, and television; j1 M' k* A) ?6 ^) Q' d- U% S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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1 E7 @% T% c" I. zGroup Representations
0 U( w0 I$ t" X& q, p$ H) N 13. Deputations
3 e( p: ?( v% I7 r% T 14. Mock awards
* k% e6 w6 ~$ w% x" A 15. Group lobbying
; G( V" n- ^0 a/ \$ D 16. Picketing
$ v# h6 O, ~2 r2 l 17. Mock elections
% j0 _) ~5 ^' S2 m* _ g E6 F# c, H+ A
Symbolic Public Acts
) g b- R5 l& D P4 p5 A" g+ y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 R: R0 O0 q9 b
19. Wearing of symbols
% _/ p4 s" I' {. \7 k4 }2 w; a% }* J 20. Prayer and worship
6 s2 @& a& m# G/ U6 @ 21. Delivering symbolic objects' ]1 E% s7 A3 G- B- n5 O! H
22. Protest disrobings
; K& P; ~& Q! o+ p" `8 o. N9 S& r 23. Destruction of own property
+ f) }7 N5 f: n 24. Symbolic lights
6 {' A( J v) n2 H3 q, T 25. Displays of portraits& j( S8 L9 {7 M. q
26. Paint as protest6 \. @' y: [/ A# G
27. New signs and names/ Y8 ^+ W: z+ v# q H
28. Symbolic sounds
7 @5 J6 W, g7 [" ~3 Z9 i" ^" z 29. Symbolic reclamations( Z5 ?9 C% V+ W( p/ ^
30. Rude gestures
4 p: W6 e/ _5 n8 V; j: P8 y3 l' p/ z+ e! F
Pressures on Individuals/ v3 ~+ }' C! t* Y/ T3 D3 c* K
31. “Haunting” officials8 r" a& f5 V- I8 F4 k- `
32. Taunting officials
3 C) _- p f% m( ? K 33. Fraternization
, |( R( \; }$ L7 c- m+ k 34. Vigils5 s1 Y$ @, t7 |$ s" h
0 L; X/ ^) O. e8 \7 G2 ~1 H: E$ PDrama and Music
0 {: u6 L9 b5 b# K+ i4 h 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 k" w/ H5 w4 s& p1 V2 n1 n3 N
36. Performances of plays and music9 f! Y* v" A! C* z) j3 @
37. Singing
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: M) p- q: b5 n bProcessions( w. P( d% a7 P+ l/ T
38. Marches
* L) M% g9 S0 ]- P8 ?1 I 39. Parades
6 D' L5 g# F7 e& M5 I3 p# B, Y9 U 40. Religious processions1 ?8 |( h/ m. {' T" Q$ F/ {: g
41. Pilgrimages8 ^4 e D4 {" I0 `4 T# T H% d
42. Motorcades
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+ u* D) B4 M* G$ n+ tHonoring the Dead. v1 W, d& K2 ~) u, C4 y( R
43. Political mourning+ H: x& v! K# P" [" y0 F# j
44. Mock funerals6 Q0 J! ]- @$ Z4 l- F
45. Demonstrative funerals9 x' }( j& P% @) p% q( N/ T9 L
46. Homage at burial places
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. e3 ~) `( [4 t8 xPublic Assemblies
* q8 [5 u' j/ j 47. Assemblies of protest or support F2 h; O0 z: a! Z5 s
48. Protest meetings$ C5 i" C$ h' u5 ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 d4 ^$ S" g! a& P' l h$ S 50. Teach-ins" u. s5 }1 Y& b: T4 c
! K* n3 j9 z$ XWithdrawal and Renunciation
* t4 T7 _" l8 k7 [2 j" @0 F: B5 p8 M 51. Walk-outs
; P. O2 j" }# w3 S( u 52. Silence
( ^$ Z) s% b3 W0 y7 T$ F: ~3 ]% u 53. Renouncing honors
4 @( k% n5 x. }! Z9 @8 @ 54. Turning one’s back) \7 u, j% e3 Q; R9 G, A- @3 X
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 w6 \; {+ H, O- n F; T- T% z5 I
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Ostracism of Persons
$ f1 T: j+ X% C2 }. N! h, E/ J 55. Social boycott
! v( K8 i1 Y# k" }' N 56. Selective social boycott; F" Y! A' A+ H T
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 ?/ Z+ g: W+ ^9 i
58. Excommunication, X2 T) _1 S2 `% w3 ]/ }5 U4 f
59. Interdict: a( L# _9 C& f0 l
9 @! s; r' |0 A! `- t9 SNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# d$ X( K3 S, K/ W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% g4 `4 J4 ^ H$ o: Z& f$ D 61. Boycott of social affairs
% ^9 R; h% t9 X% S/ _ 62. Student strike
* \- p4 S' y+ \2 A* ^ 63. Social disobedience4 ^' g5 A/ y+ @9 x, v1 s* H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; P# O% l- T! v
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Withdrawal from the Social System- P7 a6 y7 E- T6 X4 g
65. Stay-at-home
8 u: ?: {' s% G7 X 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 Y. {% I, H. u' K0 S- f+ g/ ~ 67. “Flight” of workers# }) {5 e2 F( a" t# L
68. Sanctuary' F1 O8 R/ d0 W5 `1 n
69. Collective disappearance
$ \" O$ m/ ?! @6 J& c7 m8 Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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/ L( \6 @6 G1 c$ T% f3 R+ g9 OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 @; {# M2 s8 {' y, r
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Actions by Consumers' k l( i2 T9 C! l4 A& O! A7 c
71. Consumers’ boycott: ^5 X1 o/ [+ h! a3 b2 x
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. d/ E3 Q k: Z, ?2 w+ S
73. Policy of austerity
0 Y6 p% @% _- H 74. Rent withholding( M/ G$ G& |% c' A% ? d
75. Refusal to rent
# j, n* \. ^( [# A" D: W* ~ 76. National consumers’ boycott$ I5 U4 D. W l% U9 ~3 ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
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' h+ u; |/ S5 @+ M6 `, ~Action by Workers and Producers! ~/ d1 Y- Y# c4 q0 j, k' @
78. Workmen’s boycott' |* `6 U' {& l* a
79. Producers’ boycott, g' ^5 Q. K: l: a- ]
4 S9 A" y4 V& Z$ ^+ ^+ a! V( y' u- fAction by Middlemen
! M9 ^9 `& I& \9 W: y- I# m4 G' k& S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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( i$ P5 Q. {# sAction by Owners and Management
& F7 [) W: p) Z3 x& n4 b 81. Traders’ boycott
# Z) A: P' e; y 82. Refusal to let or sell property% K3 b2 q! k( t6 c' o( C
83. Lockout$ a& |$ ^0 B v) u& Y$ x5 L4 B+ _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# ]6 r9 _' h1 R- Y: d5 @* `+ {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”! r: i% D. ?; Z1 r" }
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 C" J& a9 ]' k2 r' Y" @ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ \! g! Q. R! W 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ S' B( z1 F1 p* |2 Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& t l0 w4 K g9 X2 g( h. v, ] 89. Severance of funds and credit
) ]2 t2 ` }7 E* u' R 90. Revenue refusal
, K7 _1 k( A$ ~' T 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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6 g# P% N! g" K1 o# u nAction by Governments# C" h$ O$ j, x0 K1 q4 p
92. Domestic embargo
: ]+ A P8 e: x 93. Blacklisting of traders
! {6 \( p* d( s j$ U 94. International sellers’ embargo
. ^- P( F" r, `7 ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 _1 \& h) T8 S9 u4 L5 h* a6 s 96. International trade embargo7 o4 \$ r/ c# }/ ~; ~) P
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4 S+ n0 l; q- B# {1 D( E& Z; XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 k! y; F% W1 {& g. PSymbolic Strikes# R4 X. x) ^, Q) B% S! Z' M
97. Protest strike0 Y6 F( I/ K! `- `' H- I4 s
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 _) Y4 ^$ a0 k8 g
8 v# K, t; t, Y/ wAgricultural Strikes
: S4 D& B/ K& o8 e% ~' f 99. Peasant strike
+ D6 y1 X% v* Y3 } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% Z4 w* n& g; S
! O" y( c [) T0 @, h" e: U5 V8 uStrikes by Special Groups& t, x1 e5 g' g0 \1 d8 e! b
101. Refusal of impressed labor, D6 y' F3 l! O! n! q0 T d4 j# ]! j
102. Prisoners’ strike
9 a: d/ {8 p1 H 103. Craft strike4 {; X. j" }8 X* r, u1 P
104. Professional strike5 [3 x7 G5 q& {' a1 l8 _
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes- A3 Y! o5 z z4 t2 l' z
105. Establishment strike
6 B, [: O/ g' ?4 U8 x6 _ 106. Industry strike
1 Z" C t# p( \; g' c6 j 107. Sympathetic strike$ o# d3 A4 F" f. |9 ~# m) [2 d
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Restricted Strikes
: Z1 q; v8 e; `! s+ t% T: J 108. Detailed strike" }8 d- D$ p7 \/ A. v4 m6 |3 v* ?
109. Bumper strike
$ Q' a6 g1 D ~; _ 110. Slowdown strike
2 z$ X( i6 T+ }9 @; a: [# V 111. Working-to-rule strike
8 x/ g; d+ h ], o! j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% ^3 o( S( g: M J 113. Strike by resignation+ T6 f9 O. X9 m1 a
114. Limited strike
; l( p e! I: d9 o- i) A8 u' D 115. Selective strike
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3 s8 ?% W1 C$ c3 V5 z" dMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike/ N2 T1 T$ k" v' T; I
# c; _- q2 F6 }0 l 117. General strike
j8 `1 V) K4 L! K+ e Y' V e, ^7 {8 Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- ?% W8 ]- f" Z1 @. H
7 y% y) {7 @3 t5 f( a( s7 b/ y 118. Hartal# k2 c" N# D, v
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119. Economic shutdown$ E! ^2 S G" | _
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4 S; m( h, | [! j! D3 q* o g' }, RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority3 ^! Z. K9 I7 V4 J2 ~# e: ]3 L
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& m( w% p1 i) y U5 \ 121. Refusal of public support
* r- `9 N$ S. l. J. t; u4 | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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* f8 f, X% r3 G! e" _Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 ^+ J8 K. @. ]
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& x) u) _/ P$ u* k
124. Boycott of elections
; f2 x1 u E- u! }9 M ` 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: e7 p) S. X- a) r# k0 W 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* \7 x7 D( e1 ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# c8 p5 y8 h1 W$ H- v! @7 c4 b; ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 `' R3 g% P) N* G$ i3 ~" N9 `, A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! [9 | ^6 ~5 R6 V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. u& @; A8 g8 ?, z# Z/ ?: B' ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 O! ^6 @( K7 A4 H# H8 t! S5 u 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 q% R1 j2 J# D3 s0 h$ ^7 R0 R) o% D
( X: b: c! b0 ]8 O3 @! z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ `; }* l5 j' g3 C, Q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* M$ W$ ]/ k% }5 u$ w' H
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 l7 ?& k$ M9 J4 S5 R5 B/ m. I 135. Popular nonobedience4 ]: E& L/ q# [$ S
136. Disguised disobedience6 l. m3 z: P) z% a$ x1 n2 u X
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 d8 W& X; J! b: d* K
138. Sitdown
: T- `! H& U# R* n5 L 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 [. j" s; p/ T2 q0 N$ c; v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 k% P3 a% v% _) z$ T/ W' t: a$ x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 K3 q# j. |/ v8 z. R* d9 W
# x* I( h5 t! n1 g, @2 u, Q/ UAction by Government Personnel
$ P' ^) c8 r/ A! K8 ?; ^5 f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 N( E" Q3 t4 f3 b! h: I1 Z) D
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) \7 k2 _4 A7 \7 L) P 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 O6 b8 B. U1 ^ 145. General administrative noncooperation9 B3 ]' r: U) q* C$ `
. g% j0 w& z7 S+ e2 `8 O4 T9 e 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ v' g" ^0 N% S- z4 y4 W: c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ M: @8 m, J4 n% A 148. Mutiny) |$ u E" z. _& u+ l" }$ a X
Domestic Governmental Action: V$ B! \9 U6 Q6 A
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 X% M5 F0 u) y+ _( B" v: p Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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8 T1 x0 T+ P1 ~" ~ d" u: \International Governmental Action- A, V6 `6 l& D) F! R5 @- q$ G! x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ b% g/ [* E O8 X$ F4 `; y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* X! h8 a: K/ J3 |6 z- ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; }" y4 q& A# v! H* Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; c' z/ q' j5 o- E 155. Withdrawal from international organizations. V; N% m* ?7 w
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 z, m, s/ \8 l, S
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 q# R$ G( E, P1 _! pTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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. f+ |9 b* B9 HPsychological Intervention
4 Q6 B0 d9 f Y4 N+ d; z 158. Self-exposure to the elements y2 B# P% Y2 m/ M1 b* B" t7 n
159. The fast
- b c; K7 k( g- Q; { a) Fast of moral pressure
8 d( H# {% O$ M4 _1 m# u" @ b) Hunger strike$ q! o5 ~. S% y$ y4 `; n& Q
c) Satyagrahic fast
; N. A, [; d$ Y& l& K 160. Reverse trial
" R- B% `/ H& @' W! } 161. Nonviolent harassment/ P9 R7 R7 b+ l! t
Y: E. g) u% d) y. U. XPhysical Intervention3 P& [: x2 w5 `
162. Sit-in
) ]0 t" u" I; I4 c 163. Stand-in! w# m& Y# J3 B' b* k
164. Ride-in/ W8 B7 ?( e+ {
165. Wade-in: O( h! z/ D5 l4 D% ]1 m# z
166. Mill-in2 Z% O9 X9 T% v) h; p( E* x5 {
167. Pray-in
( F, }2 G7 T) b, B5 O 168. Nonviolent raids
: W x! A4 l/ \ 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 h7 w/ _5 G. G: ~: H 170. Nonviolent invasion
! z; r4 |; G. ~3 P5 A7 G 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 r: y3 c b } 172. Nonviolent obstruction; @+ z& l+ } s
173. Nonviolent occupation
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( p% R6 A3 @1 }; } O% ySocial Intervention
+ C$ V, s J8 p9 E& Q, g 174. Establishing new social patterns
Y1 C3 J0 W' N1 Z 175. Overloading of facilities# v$ {" H9 I- h( z) ]9 x/ {
176. Stall-in4 m1 Y5 M6 M6 a
177. Speak-in
5 y, I3 k( i$ a# C 178. Guerrilla theater
" E1 j2 R9 y( I0 f$ M7 Y/ V* R) @ 179. Alternative social institutions
% S6 E% G7 g2 `6 G% T 180. Alternative communication system+ w8 W: M* I! j9 v: R) p2 B
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Economic Intervention3 H7 b5 f! t, ?
181. Reverse strike6 E$ i+ q j( k7 Z
182. Stay-in strike+ e$ u7 p; s0 y2 o' V( w% {7 H
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 H1 d. J8 i3 v3 c! l+ L 184. Defiance of blockades2 [' o% q' I e% i8 S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' K* J& u, Y U8 P, R+ A" S* o
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ J+ V9 Y$ F- V# @4 x1 Z 187. Seizure of assets! ?' i6 b2 n' V) Q
188. Dumping
- ?3 D8 w) z i! J4 T% w 189. Selective patronage
8 Z/ b: d+ S. _" q1 Y4 d 190. Alternative markets* _, Y$ z j0 t% M! I
191. Alternative transportation systems* h4 M* E6 U7 K, G) Z" }4 Y
192. Alternative economic institutions
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! x# x; V- x6 fPolitical Intervention, s3 [- E0 ]/ m6 M; G3 w/ F/ F
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 W# A- h$ e8 J: T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ L1 e. W( N5 R/ o1 c# c3 L, C
195. Seeking imprisonment
' [1 C8 z+ u) f8 N( a* B5 l! O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; y* z/ B4 ?! o7 z' l; N. }+ S
197. Work-on without collaboration; T& \7 ^6 T- G, I' x
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
