 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 D# M8 O3 d1 O; J% KFormal Statements
$ }; r. u! X+ C* I2 U- b4 Z* l o 1. Public Speeches
4 j% u. b6 E2 V7 q ^ V2 Y 2. Letters of opposition or support# y5 U- G( K3 F6 m8 H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 [! T* x& y6 F 4. Signed public statements
/ w. t$ I* {$ U! b9 l 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) H$ v/ _; s6 Q- U 6. Group or mass petitions7 [- j% f$ Q- A; g, Z
, e' j2 U, A3 |$ a) ECommunications with a Wider Audience6 ^- }/ n j) g8 X) u, V! m
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- P/ u1 C: E' n- B
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ A, @) H/ C/ j6 E+ g/ h, n
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! I( Q' P1 [9 _" ^; X 10. Newspapers and journals% ?7 t5 s! @/ y6 v5 l
11. Records, radio, and television
$ b8 ?; I' c5 O4 k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. S: F5 Y; [0 ]
g' l* o4 Z% [3 l# R! {0 eGroup Representations
% ]: e, p# M9 Y* H& P# V! L3 S3 H 13. Deputations! K* P; J J% }; S& Y9 n# k) ]
14. Mock awards
1 C# d2 F# {, i/ }+ ^ 15. Group lobbying
3 Y6 C3 K( h$ U" @* _' h 16. Picketing
# f2 g' B I* d+ f( p2 s) w 17. Mock elections" p2 E- i% }3 A: N
% r+ G0 g$ y& g6 b: N/ j! a; OSymbolic Public Acts
, W+ c. [, N$ ]) p5 V9 ~: ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: d, e# N2 V# E; j5 S 19. Wearing of symbols8 A- i. W' r @: ~
20. Prayer and worship# I% G" q3 P( G
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' I1 t9 D5 [! P 22. Protest disrobings6 F9 K4 Y6 B0 {: @* P
23. Destruction of own property
, `! `4 y g) k8 F' T b- R 24. Symbolic lights n) D: S4 ~) a) P' t
25. Displays of portraits
3 m, L o/ R/ i, s" O! [ 26. Paint as protest& u: o9 S# m1 g# x3 P" }8 u) Q, @
27. New signs and names
@ X' j, N& Y. x/ t 28. Symbolic sounds
) Y$ k0 c1 ]) B3 A7 Z& a 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 @$ V- ?, c f0 U2 ~+ v) W 30. Rude gestures3 l# I% X# S7 w8 [ Z% c
# ^ i9 y* C" k1 f3 [: hPressures on Individuals# _5 m4 ~ u/ j! P
31. “Haunting” officials
. Z" ?) y' G- ]$ A7 e0 @$ ~ 32. Taunting officials
. a$ G% [2 S! J3 N9 V p3 U" i 33. Fraternization
6 P& a0 w+ I8 m& H1 J# M3 a' w 34. Vigils' ~8 }8 E" F6 a9 @% G
5 R1 t b) N* M6 s0 `, SDrama and Music
# w, r) @! K0 w n 35. Humorous skits and pranks: }) a( c* }1 g& D4 m4 B& ] q
36. Performances of plays and music
! k+ G/ M) y. I$ ^$ P 37. Singing
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Processions
8 n# G' K) ^& O; a3 ]+ m 38. Marches
8 g4 N v/ w2 G- N 39. Parades: [9 U5 P" F" M7 N0 L; p
40. Religious processions
: {5 t" K1 Q2 g; Z) B7 F 41. Pilgrimages; L p4 k$ h; o3 A4 ]+ y
42. Motorcades3 l' D. ~% `' a9 m5 J
4 D: [# H% G* Y$ B' THonoring the Dead
7 ]! y$ P5 O. s% H 43. Political mourning
. J; E# u3 S% T 44. Mock funerals, Q$ u3 t& g1 k7 k1 B8 n
45. Demonstrative funerals; v, ^5 `* I9 H4 D2 |/ |/ M
46. Homage at burial places }8 K' I: o" {; y
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Public Assemblies# D4 e, y5 [3 {% L, w
47. Assemblies of protest or support; i' e, m* Y( q6 c; D4 p
48. Protest meetings& h& Q* {+ S. B# H0 b8 M% |* V% F' ~$ u
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 \ ]% w0 n: W! Y3 z: t
50. Teach-ins& \+ O4 l, D; \3 c: j5 f ?
& ?3 B! v+ ^3 c1 g6 h' R1 \
Withdrawal and Renunciation- g8 w9 u6 c8 ~1 t9 r0 v
51. Walk-outs& l' M* n- J- s
52. Silence
# f0 q+ Z4 q: I- t" l 53. Renouncing honors. c# g, F' u2 h# V
54. Turning one’s back
- f# X# H$ Z ]: c! V2 X4 o$ V) h3 }3 M- K O ?& r
1 \4 M2 W2 G4 b# Z5 H
+ i7 O$ Z1 G! z6 G6 W
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ [' f% P5 Z+ j; b. l7 c, X }# E
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) m+ X# q' k5 p+ Y! e4 IOstracism of Persons
* G, [1 V3 }" N u$ G 55. Social boycott
$ ~' `6 |: N& G+ E/ u# m& ` 56. Selective social boycott& @* z W) F4 T9 h5 [( p
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 J; T- M$ a4 w+ L, y 58. Excommunication; U, o, u1 d; q2 X- Y$ z- I
59. Interdict
: z5 ?$ C- q F8 j+ p- v7 U" f& ]' V+ a% }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' r _: e- Y4 ?. t W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 ]2 \7 \, A, ~ 61. Boycott of social affairs/ T$ A+ j5 @9 ~; C6 U9 a
62. Student strike. C2 C' }" J4 j
63. Social disobedience) I8 K" Q$ ~6 i' L
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 C4 r$ |( ?9 N; T( ?5 q$ s$ K. [, a2 K3 s5 U" D
Withdrawal from the Social System5 o6 y. y, b+ f& g3 C3 P
65. Stay-at-home+ @- x2 ^9 \: U( e. _2 `" _
66. Total personal noncooperation
% s2 ]) S1 U: H 67. “Flight” of workers+ L* M/ O6 t$ t$ h5 _! c
68. Sanctuary% J. W4 b& C5 F N6 B
69. Collective disappearance
6 c# a" h/ @: b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 z6 B: X& u9 c- J
5 M' H- o4 O4 ` 3 j$ l6 K2 {; `# P& x: H# T, s
Actions by Consumers" I& U9 V6 ?$ g
71. Consumers’ boycott
* q* z' ?# n5 x# V2 B8 v8 o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' X( z7 g- `. _ ?* d [ 73. Policy of austerity+ I0 L7 B |! A& k" X+ }" w u" m
74. Rent withholding! |2 K0 H4 o4 n
75. Refusal to rent! a" c( Y) c/ L4 V G _- f
76. National consumers’ boycott2 R4 A y2 `* \- l) ~
77. International consumers’ boycott- O' X) p" l! t9 k' ^4 T
- v5 _& j( R% X! j. xAction by Workers and Producers
5 @; m& D3 Q0 y ?1 W2 T8 e 78. Workmen’s boycott
! n1 X1 ~% e" J! `3 i9 N$ L 79. Producers’ boycott! z, ?- Z! D0 A0 H3 o
# E& c( u! ]4 E4 J' e0 M1 V7 GAction by Middlemen9 q" a6 e% S% M* F9 F+ H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: `6 }7 i8 h6 `- r j, J, u! R) G: O
. M) ~$ P1 i6 p& @3 JAction by Owners and Management
( W$ ^; X. t+ f! \4 p6 C: I2 x 81. Traders’ boycott+ P5 H: a- x: k' O, r
82. Refusal to let or sell property, y4 c c7 K* y$ N" T3 }. ?1 I+ x
83. Lockout
7 u- }6 I" D& z; Z1 r6 u/ a7 s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* R6 ^4 o2 f. c* _4 o3 r5 H 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
H* ~ \6 L6 s" n/ ]3 t: f0 M O: E# m% p+ J0 c6 q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- H+ G. ]8 @; ~2 q# @0 F. G0 T8 D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 S8 m- [" C% r5 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 S U6 ?" s( {, _1 ^/ R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! S& ?( o* y/ J, L$ p8 u% w. f 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 }2 @) N# v, F$ D 90. Revenue refusal
1 w8 S3 |6 ?: K. t 91. Refusal of a government’s money) K* P' }7 j9 N, n$ L$ d6 E! f
4 J4 M& H# L/ S5 h. Z
Action by Governments
, f7 J+ c; ^ H( a/ w( g# i( k 92. Domestic embargo( }! @& q% x9 F' T& |1 P3 w
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 D! ?2 c/ y; e h! F 94. International sellers’ embargo
% X5 i4 I& Q2 z8 N6 v 95. International buyers’ embargo2 o8 E! I* F8 L7 S% F$ Y
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 m, \* J; m5 u: z5 vSymbolic Strikes
( ]) D8 Y% G3 i1 X) q1 K t 97. Protest strike
/ ?# J! O6 H) @! I5 Y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) Z4 p- @! Z5 L* z2 D
) F$ K1 P9 R" ^+ O/ `Agricultural Strikes
* V4 ]1 D2 n1 ~ ^& f s( h6 _ 99. Peasant strike2 c% r& v* K$ I: s- ]3 ?- S
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 f m6 C1 t% x) E) f8 U
- ?2 c/ _3 I. T* mStrikes by Special Groups. O9 J1 R, c; r% P
101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 l7 s5 `6 E5 x" C 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 k* Q" Y' }9 v5 H8 z0 P# I 103. Craft strike
0 N1 W# G& T. u% ~$ X 104. Professional strike
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! _% _3 O6 C8 N7 J nOrdinary Industrial Strikes7 V9 V: Y r3 R" R! r* `: k3 G
105. Establishment strike5 ~' @: ?' g0 K
106. Industry strike! [4 Z# M# I; @% F
107. Sympathetic strike
9 \" t! L8 u' Z, a9 q _2 r8 l4 ^- N4 @2 y" w" o6 F: E
Restricted Strikes
, @) p6 [3 E) D! P6 H9 v 108. Detailed strike
: R7 F' N. W/ t0 \ 109. Bumper strike
# l3 w0 I8 H( b: I* |. ] 110. Slowdown strike; g% L) [* w! q" E- w( q, E, A
111. Working-to-rule strike. O7 p0 P7 j4 d0 L3 U9 I% C3 y3 }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' H5 v) A8 X( f8 T
113. Strike by resignation5 i* b+ ]6 m. `- x( L
114. Limited strike
5 ~" U: m6 L0 T: A+ d 115. Selective strike4 @( ]6 ~1 c& Z/ W7 S
* T6 K" A' @. y6 f
Multi-Industry Strikes: a- k2 L& P" [3 Z% x8 A
) `0 f9 i/ u+ G8 ]/ e 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike+ }9 E' h# ~* }
& m/ l0 v; A2 f( _' {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures" ] h+ p- e- o' H' t! z$ j% B
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118. Hartal
8 z. k; B3 d- w: x, @$ ]4 h
+ C$ w" [/ g. D$ G) a$ D 119. Economic shutdown! k$ w! F2 W0 m- v$ X9 L
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 Q# Q4 Q+ W3 N7 IRejection of Authority6 X; U2 `! H! R
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; P- c n, H! @/ W 121. Refusal of public support9 R' P. c5 r5 \+ O! _/ B
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, b1 U6 u6 e' m
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ n& w1 B$ q- c; g$ Y1 C- u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 T7 o3 h8 \0 J6 {; k( ]
124. Boycott of elections
' A: {% _# g* z3 g8 Y! z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 M" q! B: G6 {1 z/ Q+ U& z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ R) `' E! G" [$ [/ _) f 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( R1 d8 X* X2 l# U4 i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! |: m& @4 C$ n6 U+ r6 m5 V2 ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ @' p3 J3 R: K; z4 P) k6 p
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; [( U" `& ~9 d' P% p) M
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 N* i1 y7 }. S3 H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; } C1 v# y. U) C3 {0 V
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ ?- b u- F; @1 L 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 G, w# \& w% Y/ p3 V 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' U, J$ \+ T( e7 F. f8 `
135. Popular nonobedience8 O8 {3 @( @; I+ W5 A- x
136. Disguised disobedience
$ m$ w4 Q! o5 p' @+ l$ F5 _# b5 j 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 P5 l: W" j4 | 138. Sitdown2 ~$ H: @7 V5 Q- N: e/ {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 y- B' X- H/ ]3 ^( D; V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 S2 O! H, n5 Z. T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel
9 r: x, O. P5 [( y7 ]8 a 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' a" e1 w2 n8 ^1 Z% ?1 T: }
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 Y! [4 _' Z6 I3 P# D 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 \8 |' a2 _4 s$ u+ b& w/ l 145. General administrative noncooperation# E! N2 h' k7 f# I& T V- {
+ c0 R) a; s+ ~% j/ k 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ l2 |# |8 ]# ^+ S/ l 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- t# j9 y B T( @' Z& g* V
148. Mutiny
0 Q# |! w: r" T5 @8 r. ^Domestic Governmental Action
3 X- d5 D$ f5 w; A4 l" V+ o8 ~, V. m E 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 j0 S. O [ E: c( u& G. c% R9 n 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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4 F9 U3 j `( b+ }. H( pInternational Governmental Action
+ D0 [/ D8 c8 }# @) M1 r1 o' U) V 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) G( |, Y5 @/ p% d: {8 M" t9 W 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events m! a, w1 a* \' ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! w! N Y8 @ x: M 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 S& ?6 Q, L! V2 g3 W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 h- I1 {( `' D* V8 b" U
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ j" k6 F$ e o9 O. `! }# Z
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 G' e- u$ t5 Y$ x
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! J3 o7 x9 g7 o3 t4 p$ H7 B' V
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Psychological Intervention
5 {! ^& P1 V7 F- B 158. Self-exposure to the elements S& a. a; Y1 s8 L7 {
159. The fast
' k0 f' ^( X# e2 f! A a) Fast of moral pressure
! Q) ]( p6 `# R1 {/ k6 _5 a b) Hunger strike
0 g5 x) N/ ]5 z: C: X c) Satyagrahic fast
! ^( c3 T: o) Q: P h% r# P 160. Reverse trial( B5 H5 X, x$ }) b' a0 n& g( u$ P
161. Nonviolent harassment
# a) t7 H( W) V; j- w2 z& ]
# W1 Y( X, T5 k+ X. o3 _Physical Intervention3 Q) q$ y9 s/ i- Z+ G/ F
162. Sit-in
) T0 P" Z2 s: @; V2 M 163. Stand-in1 }1 B" c! Y: S7 b9 X+ P
164. Ride-in
3 b6 Z# }2 y# Z7 L 165. Wade-in
^" [' I5 R+ u# @' u; h9 | 166. Mill-in
. B6 K" \4 [5 o& J9 m* g; q 167. Pray-in9 O2 F3 O* o7 t1 g5 q
168. Nonviolent raids( Z8 R/ g# Q4 H* l: W
169. Nonviolent air raids
. X7 y6 ?& ~' V, h 170. Nonviolent invasion
+ _2 O+ k* n# N5 p: Z* A 171. Nonviolent interjection: Y& U. |6 {- V8 j. P- _! r5 m
172. Nonviolent obstruction) I) E2 x+ d& H: c% Z9 Z( u% O
173. Nonviolent occupation6 y6 [) I' y0 t$ N* e
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Social Intervention
4 A, C% Q7 O9 z: j/ G5 c- ~8 o/ z 174. Establishing new social patterns$ V+ Y& @0 u9 o9 U! v1 b3 p
175. Overloading of facilities: H8 j$ s* ^6 e- f
176. Stall-in/ S' x9 ]0 u$ B( t9 q) ~% k, t
177. Speak-in
6 f* ]$ {, j; p" O( a! ~0 M 178. Guerrilla theater
! J0 \/ k8 e& C0 R9 `1 _ 179. Alternative social institutions! V8 L8 ]% }) i# Q$ g3 J: v
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
: }1 |" Z4 J/ H 181. Reverse strike- V, V% P5 W, J( t# T& c
182. Stay-in strike/ Z7 \, g% Z- B
183. Nonviolent land seizure% _5 k, w. q$ x0 u" e$ V Z: r$ r
184. Defiance of blockades
+ g1 d7 P* L! s, N' p" B1 V 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 I4 L$ K2 e) D5 U
186. Preclusive purchasing& }, W- u6 Q# h/ {( n; x0 f
187. Seizure of assets2 U/ o7 h% P& \1 Z; m+ I6 z! F
188. Dumping
) D8 A0 g% p6 e6 \: u" `: p$ C 189. Selective patronage
& {' b" B% l: v, ]4 ~ 190. Alternative markets4 M0 \( Z4 ^- C0 J/ [( q' F% V1 P3 a
191. Alternative transportation systems
" Y! L- }( P" U& a 192. Alternative economic institutions- h I# p; ^, x( K/ g
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Political Intervention
; |4 } e2 D9 t9 N 193. Overloading of administrative systems' l1 {2 R0 H) z$ ^% @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& G" i w; F6 T0 K9 C6 j
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 f5 b0 G/ F5 [ j( C5 |4 k) P5 O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 x; C2 g. p3 t# E" n- h, f3 n
197. Work-on without collaboration
/ `- R; g* V3 {2 o, z: P8 e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 S0 Y3 L( ?6 i4 g
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
