 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ a* m: t% I8 m
Formal Statements
3 f/ \0 @. U4 A* @% O 1. Public Speeches+ z) o# \: B3 X
2. Letters of opposition or support* Z+ v$ V" L1 t# c3 p! F: ~( d( Z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) J! p& p% ~0 H o3 [+ x
4. Signed public statements" g$ T* y+ ?" `
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 A! `! C- l- n: U: u& d" @ 6. Group or mass petitions5 ]0 f. P; d* }7 t5 O' H1 f
/ O. y6 s& I. l T0 `Communications with a Wider Audience
% N) _7 y/ B; W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; n. [( n2 |; r+ t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 o- v9 J' r# O5 d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* p: y- W- ?; ~: q$ S% h. c 10. Newspapers and journals5 O }+ P* @) n& {7 q# ? S+ X0 X
11. Records, radio, and television
. a+ L. X/ p6 z3 Y2 V) q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 M6 X8 Y4 N# B0 M" A
, W; V2 }4 i m% x- G bGroup Representations7 {& V* t. c( l# d( g- N1 H/ `; X
13. Deputations* ^( ^( |3 k4 l4 V
14. Mock awards
+ [( z: }3 z/ x# g0 v 15. Group lobbying& z/ A0 n1 v# @- {: O
16. Picketing# [$ {& N* G; S) q; Y
17. Mock elections
% o Y0 P$ v- {/ S1 F) x7 f) A0 L6 M
Symbolic Public Acts. i0 o4 t5 y& l" |+ e
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% Z& ?! S" K4 t% B1 x# s* F1 X 19. Wearing of symbols; I1 V" q! a; V
20. Prayer and worship
2 X( J8 c; \# D2 g 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ Y6 W5 U1 U) [) X3 z( p9 Y* u. B% D 22. Protest disrobings* O# o0 H, s0 p; |4 i; c; ]3 i
23. Destruction of own property
. w4 ?( {! M* E1 ^' | 24. Symbolic lights [, h Q: ~5 F! e
25. Displays of portraits) g9 c! d! e1 ~8 n2 l7 k1 Y
26. Paint as protest
' @; \# h1 w9 u, m" @0 ^ 27. New signs and names
A9 h) t c+ O y' ^, G- P 28. Symbolic sounds
, W% x' t: Y, y! a$ _% A% q 29. Symbolic reclamations+ y9 ?8 ~# F; ~* B7 c6 T
30. Rude gestures3 r M: ?6 P, l. d
' | P* E: Q; j. q
Pressures on Individuals3 K, n/ _1 p1 O# u# ^" c
31. “Haunting” officials
" n9 U0 x6 J# A1 F. \4 [: C- K 32. Taunting officials) o. v* O1 h; v. [! U# q
33. Fraternization: `4 G* ~8 m2 ^- a8 ]
34. Vigils! D: N+ A$ l) F
' A; i+ l2 j3 Y6 y; _
Drama and Music* [6 k( j# d' Y8 W/ k9 ^
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 g" N/ g" A: X; |2 W 36. Performances of plays and music
$ X3 P0 k5 Q9 G- g8 P 37. Singing
7 ?" D9 R5 w4 f! C* {3 k6 n
! w! ^& w ]& |! K* r' }% ]% lProcessions( }1 \3 B! Z! _: x2 x% P: K2 Y6 I
38. Marches
& y' t3 ?/ \0 P& b/ D 39. Parades* f* l& y' N# d8 R( D- q4 d4 y0 h
40. Religious processions
5 s! `8 x c: k/ X" q: _, [* B" A- m 41. Pilgrimages
1 V# _( l# O3 K. l9 i3 K 42. Motorcades
$ {, D# F* ]( h4 N
8 X: b3 p( u% g: V7 M& m+ gHonoring the Dead7 m0 v8 x& N1 r: H# h$ g$ K4 }
43. Political mourning
2 R4 E8 }# M0 P6 v( O. O 44. Mock funerals# e! G8 d* r, k
45. Demonstrative funerals
" j$ r% Z( e( I M 46. Homage at burial places
9 J, _; c4 T" X8 I g" g1 L) t5 V. ]9 | p: L3 Z* K
Public Assemblies
! q/ ?6 I, Z& O+ n& | 47. Assemblies of protest or support) N1 C- m# @2 J8 B% _* h
48. Protest meetings
- e8 ?8 R0 n# W( k, x* i 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# N+ d% c2 m! A1 w( ]. B9 N* n
50. Teach-ins
# i- _ l6 D8 M- q+ [* _/ g
0 b! H) A" k% t3 {4 w$ |. LWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 A1 n" J' N6 [: z 51. Walk-outs
) ~! g( N _( E2 I 52. Silence5 q4 h# j* K- s' U
53. Renouncing honors0 M! C+ f6 E; p& ]7 |+ Z
54. Turning one’s back1 v& S* P- U1 @5 A1 Q" L- q, `4 ^
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
. t0 w; c' c( T' [1 Z! \& V% y! q) W( A1 i
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$ m. g3 Z8 r r' Y/ x% j2 GOstracism of Persons/ j: s# g3 U3 H
55. Social boycott
2 W! o2 U9 |, ~/ N# t9 D: @6 n 56. Selective social boycott
- @) G5 Y' f; l& w7 Q5 G3 { 57. Lysistratic nonaction/ a# ~; C; `1 A. Q
58. Excommunication
+ `# H% y$ z* ?! Y$ t8 B) u 59. Interdict
. e* Z# K/ C/ ^8 h& C$ U! |, |/ D& ~8 C* u( Q3 t
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ u2 _ x4 v( o; k 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 V4 e, e1 C8 I; L/ z 61. Boycott of social affairs, z" X. Y' M& @: a
62. Student strike
( m4 ]6 v$ N7 \' E! l 63. Social disobedience5 {2 S0 d% h# Z0 W# `
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% M7 T. R3 V4 V7 n% l$ x, m1 Z+ N0 P, n. z# o K
Withdrawal from the Social System4 e- U1 r5 P y# l! d6 C' I5 w
65. Stay-at-home
7 R2 U6 @! {7 x# \$ B 66. Total personal noncooperation
: f% Z. j! o2 h& z 67. “Flight” of workers
8 P: x4 ]0 G3 v& ? 68. Sanctuary' g+ I% p7 [9 s* G0 y, S: b
69. Collective disappearance
* F/ I- E$ M# n 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& s! j, `. g4 n/ q# M6 \ j
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" f' D5 E$ I2 {$ J6 f' JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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0 X( s. J) f9 Y/ a1 f! j; d5 f3 o
Actions by Consumers
% @9 p. R' m3 Y. _) Y# d& m' W# T 71. Consumers’ boycott
- @; o" {, E3 s& L! H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# H' x/ l4 I0 n; e: a" ]2 j0 ] 73. Policy of austerity6 f! a1 J! ]) D, f& S
74. Rent withholding! @& c2 `/ Q* i+ t' ~( X
75. Refusal to rent; Q) j* D# N/ p. n
76. National consumers’ boycott
: A$ j( j3 n; P. e, c& ]" m' T1 p 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 e# t. x2 p+ V1 K# m$ s0 }
) }$ A1 C& h4 b) S6 p h) gAction by Workers and Producers
E" |. r0 F! C, u2 ^: Q 78. Workmen’s boycott4 K7 S8 g" g9 ~ b, p" b7 x
79. Producers’ boycott% ?. K8 @' b8 z. a( a
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Action by Middlemen0 E# Z+ B( R, G; i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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1 X0 S3 {% E9 N. V. w$ _Action by Owners and Management2 R! c8 \5 A" s3 y, c) r5 `( B
81. Traders’ boycott
' ?4 P$ l4 r4 E# e9 B 82. Refusal to let or sell property9 I' z# d4 b- K4 j' E
83. Lockout2 w e" {3 h. {0 i, y( b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. Y+ v, w* z% A G/ p) m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# w3 U+ O- _5 ]3 R; E( L; T: U5 s& S( l- c5 e: l8 v3 X$ M3 g2 I4 ~
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 ^( v9 j. ~. [6 Z9 [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 [ ^- E5 d2 K( {; F2 q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% H& ?0 ?9 k' S6 U& z$ p( d 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, R2 c1 N- J3 K$ K2 o" T
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 |: L5 S+ r) s& Y5 T- P! {. t 90. Revenue refusal
% R) a; a. F. F2 ?: H& h 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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, o6 ~; U3 u7 qAction by Governments
6 L G$ C/ v6 P7 w. V1 J6 h 92. Domestic embargo
) J, Z' A9 Y: C6 v 93. Blacklisting of traders
: C1 M, i! o+ C. K* o 94. International sellers’ embargo, X1 B. J8 ]5 F5 I4 K
95. International buyers’ embargo1 l+ n# O u& W
96. International trade embargo
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- _2 X9 W# L7 I7 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 \3 }: J5 |2 P0 m: x
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+ F9 L2 k/ n6 s6 L' f' Y! g. p% x2 jSymbolic Strikes/ k# w7 G |2 x( S# c7 u4 G
97. Protest strike
2 r1 S. g) f; w/ s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). k6 W: B4 p7 o* `( [
3 Z/ h$ A) A+ f
Agricultural Strikes
; t' j- y% P( a9 _* r8 n, ~ 99. Peasant strike
, }4 R, R6 L& A( i6 b9 m3 C( C* Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike8 L7 P( m1 o9 j
: l1 L) v. f- e6 L! X j: s% r0 BStrikes by Special Groups$ h4 \. G; F4 u c/ q5 }
101. Refusal of impressed labor8 U ^2 x2 Z% I1 I2 h) F& H* y$ m5 Q( z
102. Prisoners’ strike" Y, `; o: T- @( X$ P7 \8 v
103. Craft strike$ q) ^; d. ^ Y& [! [* s
104. Professional strike& j0 h2 q/ X2 b
- }) W) F* w! [- P/ G2 eOrdinary Industrial Strikes% y5 @% h; g, c; y" m. z; s
105. Establishment strike9 m; |" g: M z/ k) P0 H: B2 N
106. Industry strike* ^% c$ b) c- C0 Z; j" u7 c6 |& M
107. Sympathetic strike! Q% ~1 l S" C3 q
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Restricted Strikes. t! i4 [6 r" O, ]
108. Detailed strike. x# s$ C: b6 S2 y/ j+ |5 W
109. Bumper strike
3 G8 D y! [8 }. Y: Q 110. Slowdown strike- q. @2 `' X( q* E7 [' B6 {
111. Working-to-rule strike
. c; v. D1 R; D4 H; { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); [9 z8 p4 \) G' z
113. Strike by resignation
z# L! @' M0 W 114. Limited strike
/ X" ^! t; i" _/ b 115. Selective strike" O/ r. r# M& ~/ G
1 q" C" H8 k6 }7 W! f
Multi-Industry Strikes
- `3 t( o6 K2 k( d' A8 N
& G& D& f* F7 ]% ~ 116. Generalized strike; m4 J# ]. J& G" _ W
% i! Z- z4 ]( B# Z ~0 C
117. General strike! J' M/ z5 s5 w4 M8 p% U( l
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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: t! \- Q% S5 u l& [/ _% y8 s* ^ 119. Economic shutdown
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$ d9 [2 ?5 h5 n( p$ x& P; BTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 |& Z% R$ q# {/ c: C/ A' m* k. n
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Rejection of Authority6 ?' C3 |" ?0 p( L2 G% w! q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 o1 s% s% m- j. O4 h
121. Refusal of public support4 y6 a/ v$ ^$ [: F5 i
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! G8 y+ G/ B0 t5 `# e9 }
/ h- i; ]5 U0 O3 x. zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ W/ R- C/ E7 d/ ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, o: Z6 S F7 { 124. Boycott of elections
3 C, {( h0 ~0 x; ?, W 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% Y6 Y/ \+ h: c, N: ^% G
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 d7 u: {; j4 `' q3 a
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 |3 X( z, q+ s0 K y4 L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 }: |1 ~, k* O9 W% }( v 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' [ [0 I; N& [9 A, {" D1 r 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks v8 J0 @# ?" Q8 }6 C
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. O9 ~8 h' g. f$ \3 S) t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ {( y- a( g( X* Y
5 n, F. D! W6 c) ]8 S
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 g4 a, a- k& A: U) s/ p( f! `
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 P1 E5 w' p: R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 }% S. y6 k, e5 x( ]+ [ 135. Popular nonobedience
$ d; V2 G8 O, W+ U' H9 w. B 136. Disguised disobedience
, m5 v. y+ Y3 ]. H0 \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# I! n/ m$ a. V
138. Sitdown
- R6 \1 ~8 K7 C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 P- O9 v$ p- M, }; Y5 H3 Y# f+ ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; ~1 Q" e* C; t/ w2 L- z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, V+ F* X; f) N% g0 C2 o4 N* ?
. w, k% x1 D& n# b- ]4 V& hAction by Government Personnel
- Q5 `; b& o- S4 u# O' X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ R. @6 C: u0 ]! @ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 P: R( ^. T5 \' [' ` 144. Stalling and obstruction( x- J$ l1 w) Q, |
145. General administrative noncooperation* D& L0 o. g0 L. n0 u' g. g
( ] {( U8 ]6 ~; w% c% Q6 Y 146. Judicial noncooperation* l, K. o1 l8 a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; ~& p: X% j6 n0 F4 G9 B" b7 k$ p8 D
148. Mutiny/ k9 z- T' C. C
Domestic Governmental Action
; c0 Z2 |- i% T; X( z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* ?# a6 M+ Q% o4 c; G# ]
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ b5 |7 H7 K& u3 j4 ~& F! p
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International Governmental Action
. w) a1 Y S: N 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 g: I' [/ M- a' c: d! l 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 t e) D# f% s% E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 {, E0 g% n% S" \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! Q1 j( K( E' g7 ]# U& {9 b/ ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. x l3 ]3 c) j9 i" M( ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 Q- q5 L, X1 e4 m8 S
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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: B, F+ B! T% `1 CTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 J& i; M$ C4 A; H" J/ ^+ |
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Psychological Intervention
6 C3 @+ m7 k8 G2 z e3 V& G 158. Self-exposure to the elements, c) a: l* z: h% P6 E
159. The fast
0 u! ?, A) N' _. M a) Fast of moral pressure
3 [0 g( N, s( h& F8 T b) Hunger strike
) F& r1 Q& N. i' G* X- W3 \ c) Satyagrahic fast
' }3 w. \- y' z 160. Reverse trial; h( Z9 @5 W- \9 [ @1 q( j2 K- r
161. Nonviolent harassment" T/ e; D: Y% S: I9 j' O
0 S$ z' N- Y* v: n9 A3 N5 X
Physical Intervention
& c% }* N$ S2 Y/ Q 162. Sit-in
% D; I+ P- c; {" \: F2 h 163. Stand-in8 i E; U2 q+ T# r
164. Ride-in$ D$ j/ `, ]; G0 \9 c3 z
165. Wade-in# }0 D# I: {% q4 k
166. Mill-in
8 L* ^: P* q( y' j: c 167. Pray-in
) _2 R$ s0 R* X1 f# X 168. Nonviolent raids/ O( c. k. J7 s
169. Nonviolent air raids
! e K) Q5 q/ n# h 170. Nonviolent invasion
" Z4 g1 ^" F V' U 171. Nonviolent interjection
6 I3 T% C% L+ u+ a 172. Nonviolent obstruction: U. @! B6 O! a8 w8 _2 L4 Q1 s" l
173. Nonviolent occupation; d- f9 }- M) ?4 |7 U
p3 h# b! K1 N, E* g1 QSocial Intervention
- E3 j1 m# d, `: d: v' v 174. Establishing new social patterns
! n$ N8 b0 J9 D# s! l# p 175. Overloading of facilities% N" D3 v4 e8 ?1 B# M
176. Stall-in
; s$ [: t) Q; R9 T0 ?4 M. I: M 177. Speak-in
9 h/ w' s& n, c2 y: J0 c 178. Guerrilla theater
( ?$ G5 ~8 q4 e/ r# F 179. Alternative social institutions
. ^% R6 y' w5 s# L8 P4 l- u; s& ? 180. Alternative communication system3 u% |" [! H7 u2 \: g! C
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Economic Intervention
+ n' ]+ R @, z; S- w+ Z 181. Reverse strike) U/ ?6 _5 g0 m1 H0 I
182. Stay-in strike. X, p" z/ n" }" F+ ^) Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& g4 b3 ?; m1 |! ?. m 184. Defiance of blockades3 i: J/ r$ g \! }" ]; J; G
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 p. D# Y% h" P0 U" C% @
186. Preclusive purchasing* i @. C) r, L+ b
187. Seizure of assets
. i4 q$ D8 c6 e) w" L8 _- V6 j) } 188. Dumping
2 r h ?5 V2 q4 s/ z$ W4 y 189. Selective patronage
- p0 {7 Z3 [( b9 s: e* Y- `% y ^ 190. Alternative markets; S R& O- r2 g T
191. Alternative transportation systems+ \9 W9 Z$ H3 b o H& D
192. Alternative economic institutions# r9 l8 e* o& c/ X
9 Z) |# Q. l3 U) C! V
Political Intervention
4 i: |: s2 F. k" L. }- G7 t" } 193. Overloading of administrative systems, C$ a6 G" ?" G9 X
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% x0 X/ k! V1 \3 I- K0 j
195. Seeking imprisonment
" d2 [$ G2 d# r c; Q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
Y+ @# t4 \2 j0 z 197. Work-on without collaboration- B9 q: `; N9 N* Z! ]1 F
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
