 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: n2 d3 N. |3 q
Formal Statements
0 V w6 _9 T6 F" T 1. Public Speeches$ U0 R0 [& S. o5 J1 R
2. Letters of opposition or support6 \( s4 N" r; ~ |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' l( g _+ q1 y( Q, i9 ?0 t. X Q! ~ 4. Signed public statements
2 |. J' ~+ n+ P( ] E 5. Declarations of indictment and intention! ` [1 t- p C2 b4 U
6. Group or mass petitions: w7 u! Q" ~% y2 B& c& x# W/ J
9 E+ K0 a& w9 j3 ECommunications with a Wider Audience
X9 h T+ t6 F1 a/ D3 b: B" S 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ Z* v# R- Z! Z# W2 D- ?
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ L0 h1 _+ ^5 y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ b$ z9 T! w/ l$ o( {2 f6 i/ g 10. Newspapers and journals
: M) h5 J; l( W3 `8 a! J7 c2 z3 F$ R 11. Records, radio, and television" T9 H+ m m! A7 W7 N* k5 u3 \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& h; h$ x9 k+ k. q# I. H. V
7 k' R4 K- |2 C
Group Representations
& k/ n/ D. @+ k' T 13. Deputations
' R+ L' n' k" Q2 y. r' } 14. Mock awards2 d5 b& L1 C( q+ L. d+ L) B; s
15. Group lobbying
- z5 G7 H2 b& p 16. Picketing
! z" m; c8 p- G2 { 17. Mock elections! K, p& w; e( X* h N' B* m- m4 o+ R
' i! X; ?8 g1 Y& X' q
Symbolic Public Acts
8 ~7 c$ A+ I& y4 J+ P( H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) l: m9 N' V% p. k. c! f h
19. Wearing of symbols# T. q+ G. s9 k% F) }7 m5 c/ J
20. Prayer and worship* n3 X6 n @0 _- |6 o
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 h4 F" U0 M% |# q4 t0 h8 Q
22. Protest disrobings. E+ p6 e, `, I9 y
23. Destruction of own property) ]- \( ~% p1 h) c* m" L
24. Symbolic lights. ?- w+ x' ~. R6 ~/ }
25. Displays of portraits7 h8 d* q. h% x: S4 |4 p
26. Paint as protest
3 `( R' f9 A( Q 27. New signs and names
/ o+ `. J" ^% E2 k 28. Symbolic sounds; a5 w3 R# K7 q+ ~
29. Symbolic reclamations
+ ~% s- ^6 A. ]3 g& v. c3 ]; |( L 30. Rude gestures8 K7 D2 I3 J9 \- H0 ]0 ^0 [3 ]
5 {/ _6 G4 N$ `. ^
Pressures on Individuals
, a! Q! U" g( t/ c- d/ \( n 31. “Haunting” officials
5 L! U' @# V1 j3 N 32. Taunting officials9 d% ~. y2 h: a0 [4 K( I& }
33. Fraternization1 n9 [1 J. N, I# ~" p7 p) e
34. Vigils
/ `' x5 Y A, D }; Z3 o) @% h% D0 D* G& S& K& x8 j; |
Drama and Music
1 P' X, x8 @" Z2 |" F. L 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 ]3 E% c' s+ z A* H9 U! t" v ? 36. Performances of plays and music9 h( u L8 s! L
37. Singing
; l; q9 w% G' a
4 Z; w: E z o/ j' jProcessions; G8 v8 E) \/ }" {
38. Marches
8 }7 o2 x4 Y) _0 _) i6 m 39. Parades
/ R/ b5 W f4 ]8 N) K 40. Religious processions$ @) ]) P5 e0 z- m* |0 J4 J
41. Pilgrimages
/ U) K* F" r' B5 u# ]: _ 42. Motorcades
5 C' c) v$ c) u
! ]4 ` `% ~. h2 EHonoring the Dead& q/ l7 r: [1 h7 |; ^
43. Political mourning
( C* X/ U$ ^/ B6 Z4 T 44. Mock funerals
1 g) K7 J9 _* p9 T) R1 z9 r: Z7 j% v 45. Demonstrative funerals# m8 P$ }4 W) L/ n7 _! t+ d
46. Homage at burial places
6 T3 n% E2 d% s5 x2 k8 b+ P7 A1 J# k6 y6 m' A J
Public Assemblies
& m( ~' y* @9 a( }/ F 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 G* L/ Z7 c: }# L* W 48. Protest meetings
3 b6 c# w6 L/ X, ^; r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 ?3 q% O& m3 Z) ]4 d
50. Teach-ins
+ | B+ o/ Z( ^! P( j$ S; ~1 a1 O3 k
* g7 {9 W8 p) Y( [Withdrawal and Renunciation i' c5 i: m+ a
51. Walk-outs, w0 f6 N. o4 v+ A% W2 m
52. Silence
: T y; J" t g8 E8 ] 53. Renouncing honors0 G6 r. \4 f" K
54. Turning one’s back
8 |, H+ _. ]5 z( L: S; \# b& e
6 a Q( O. n, u* j# y" |* _+ _
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, U7 J" ]; I( j& R) i8 Y8 Z7 e$ f: O9 i/ s; Y, A. ]
3 r( j5 O2 t+ ~, j: Y$ h0 x" n q+ r' ?# c
Ostracism of Persons
/ M; ~9 ]7 p3 V: { 55. Social boycott
" S3 W0 M e$ s: ~ 56. Selective social boycott
) B! @( c" V( j- h 57. Lysistratic nonaction- U8 q. c, L) p
58. Excommunication; A% p- t, f+ y3 n3 S
59. Interdict
' A1 ]( J% M& O+ y3 d5 Z8 M
7 Y, @6 ~) T+ D9 e" u. nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 w+ f9 @ U7 I F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" Y2 v9 K) ^; U% A1 c 61. Boycott of social affairs
, `5 h' L$ }8 Z# D# D 62. Student strike
x% \3 t5 P2 \ 63. Social disobedience- o1 k5 c+ p v3 D/ Q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 P( ~* {" {3 G/ U- o
, l6 {8 x% _' L9 {$ m( {$ FWithdrawal from the Social System2 B# \* c! [3 ?; P& z# l$ Z# N/ |# ^
65. Stay-at-home
1 z, s) m& ?7 I# q) u. b0 ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation/ c5 U" N' p8 h9 Z
67. “Flight” of workers* |8 b7 }1 h3 q$ U+ ^; C7 h. g4 J
68. Sanctuary
L/ k- }, R3 \/ V( a$ S& w 69. Collective disappearance
% k( q$ u. L5 _) Z: a( Y# g7 ? 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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G4 z# ~9 h1 r% X' aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ C' d9 {: {; [) M: R7 h6 z8 b
, e9 I! H& k0 T, [% b; {3 u" l5 M9 Z
) D( _6 a( ~4 U2 s/ ]0 ~6 V5 gActions by Consumers* p, S2 n5 ]$ |1 y- X: G. o* F
71. Consumers’ boycott7 F6 r( \) ]: ~" {& r- a
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 r2 P- M& V( s# D j! Z
73. Policy of austerity
, h8 {/ \, W7 P/ O9 i+ O 74. Rent withholding1 A/ `8 V5 [" z( G
75. Refusal to rent
$ ~* w7 p3 a4 E! h 76. National consumers’ boycott- ?! n4 w2 K2 g- B! ]% W& A
77. International consumers’ boycott0 e( J0 J$ A9 l3 f. Y# a
i5 \, P% k/ k& n+ ~7 BAction by Workers and Producers
, X/ r3 U4 J' ?1 u; D- y 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 R5 r. J x/ O0 L8 d 79. Producers’ boycott% q; B: Y( a2 e$ Q5 e. o) c
' p8 v. j8 J F* O! p8 M
Action by Middlemen+ D& Z! m5 ~# t! @% U0 h
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 a7 _) S J' |: L+ d, _( {+ z& Q. B z& F
Action by Owners and Management6 O7 C5 u5 A: G' h' N8 Z
81. Traders’ boycott* M+ l$ L( b* `6 `2 |2 q h
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ \$ D- |1 o) d- V/ R 83. Lockout/ T7 U' w( w' {+ Q' X
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 C! w/ r/ d K3 P" K1 J. v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! W1 h5 ^$ n6 A$ y
8 N6 z8 J* E- U3 D9 Q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 x; e: y' j, m. ?# i" M& g- ]5 m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 ?* E( m7 G. w: t8 t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 d x- V1 u: @
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" O$ [4 f( u) T5 g# F% K& `6 Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 K* y8 a' N$ c* |- ?) W. Q 90. Revenue refusal
# C. U, B! K m! o2 D" [3 g 91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 w f8 |% w: i9 h, L) O
( j* R5 D- W& z' j+ J4 aAction by Governments
+ G8 Z2 G8 e* \# P* r 92. Domestic embargo7 z g5 e% f; \5 \' [( F
93. Blacklisting of traders
% D! N7 b" Y) G6 F# _ 94. International sellers’ embargo
+ i* {3 P4 C) u" u4 ~ 95. International buyers’ embargo& f* C& @4 \7 T+ q0 W, a9 s0 u$ T
96. International trade embargo" \" y" K! z+ t+ V
" v2 W0 D1 u' c) T6 ] $ x; d4 u+ m# w# H5 G
3 _* R% D- D1 b* U2 a( S% ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) S0 G; d# @0 d _9 |( D
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2 G, Y* Q5 [, |. @Symbolic Strikes' b& o3 T1 A- w: v
97. Protest strike
: f; B3 A+ @, ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): x9 `; q& S* X5 w) r* G" F
% P. j' |0 |# }Agricultural Strikes( Y1 f% \7 d- j2 j+ n
99. Peasant strike, z, q) ~* z4 w8 m/ D, X, D
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& Z u8 c; Y. r) o3 Z" R* B# O
Strikes by Special Groups
5 ~2 K4 ?, o2 a. u 101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 y% N5 ?+ S( z+ X! v/ B2 N$ H+ k' W5 | 102. Prisoners’ strike3 i( Q. |5 j3 r$ x! ^% E2 F4 k
103. Craft strike
6 Y# g9 H9 _9 t/ v8 G( {& p W3 L 104. Professional strike+ g# I X- } D; H/ `0 c n1 |. h
9 a+ l9 Z+ R+ a1 N6 \: Y5 ZOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* k' v, a' l+ k2 P4 B 105. Establishment strike! J+ [/ w, }4 E% S
106. Industry strike
0 p7 i- D7 a$ z: `9 q 107. Sympathetic strike4 P' l: @* z, G' {
/ [$ k" Z! e% ^0 ?' u# \& |
Restricted Strikes
. y/ v9 W- ~9 | ^ 108. Detailed strike/ i( K: F7 S* l) [
109. Bumper strike
- l% N% t/ w/ i 110. Slowdown strike" {0 N {, J2 k- ?
111. Working-to-rule strike
- c( y- y% R8 p. K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 O% [/ S, L1 k4 L) |8 o
113. Strike by resignation0 |& C3 L8 A D) k# ^7 Z( I7 L9 D
114. Limited strike
1 Q7 q+ L' \0 D# W# d! e C/ M 115. Selective strike9 P) i8 ?1 Q. ?
* c& F* F, \ }" T- D
Multi-Industry Strikes5 A i) A$ P0 T$ l A; C# k4 Q
* p$ ?$ ?0 f( N/ L1 {* w/ m! P 116. Generalized strike
/ v- a0 }6 H2 |, C; B1 d- X: `. a! F @! X; \
117. General strike
# ^. @+ l8 ~, j) |5 w ~+ h7 _1 v( s. y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: Q' l* T+ F6 Z: N, I/ G% b
: S: ?- r( C7 Y$ g* z# `* X; a 118. Hartal
$ n( e O6 ]3 o& Z; F* g# y8 N1 B' U v0 _" l7 Y$ H( p0 O" ^7 k& i0 g
119. Economic shutdown
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( y7 ^1 x% W% R& v5 \7 E; c& ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 q$ c1 D8 b4 f3 C9 G+ K8 s
& v3 v1 c! H, h
8 M* K, \* q" z' P! `Rejection of Authority! ^: v' n9 f) o$ y r; n. y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance J/ B$ a: o5 W7 B" o+ q
121. Refusal of public support
/ r: K* P2 v5 V G; [* _. T2 a 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& Z( j/ `! Z. _1 ~% }( v
6 n4 h7 v+ X4 k/ l* n9 hCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 k. E& t3 d5 U# d- E 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 ~5 n- M. @# E& x) { 124. Boycott of elections
9 U3 U2 p7 z- G8 E+ X 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- }& N& E, K# _5 v8 p. K8 j- G 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" X+ G+ U' b. v" c1 O+ \. x) P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; t- S) g' G* @& l+ R 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: A B3 s. I9 v% C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 r/ X& e- E* R1 u2 g F9 b9 `/ e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! q* Y& k" a9 {2 M3 @" z' h* w4 m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ [! i) ]: {8 E) E1 |# z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, p$ s# z7 S z9 {8 [
1 V& `' @ T* v$ E/ \' R, ?" RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( S3 v. o& d1 [% F6 z$ {( \
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 [1 \. C+ o( z* m+ z; y7 Y5 y7 D5 z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 t. E, u8 _! [4 s' g3 G0 ^. B 135. Popular nonobedience" t' k$ L5 c: Q& H# G- `4 ]
136. Disguised disobedience( V% ?" \ v" }6 E
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ e8 U9 f' a7 `3 V5 w2 _" ]/ I 138. Sitdown8 ]% C: b8 A: g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) [' f7 d* {& p# a! k* ]' U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- n/ r0 X1 g( N6 U I( k" A0 d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; A* E* x9 Q, I& S4 S7 D, |4 a0 s7 n( ~. v+ w( I3 x( m
Action by Government Personnel0 ~, o$ n3 l3 i( W$ Q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! ~1 C h- b* z" S* M, z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" ~5 ^7 ]* a5 H/ i- z+ H5 T2 a' d 144. Stalling and obstruction& s$ }/ S9 _# p+ |
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 o) f* m! e$ n9 |
0 E+ L5 T/ s+ X" N 146. Judicial noncooperation7 C9 s1 w2 G$ E2 F* M& L* ?2 f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 K$ V& R7 a7 i! W8 k 148. Mutiny
# T* h4 l0 d* B: UDomestic Governmental Action7 h6 v" B5 F7 v2 ?* u! \' ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# \0 v: t6 x1 P1 R3 G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 S' |8 ^+ Q/ Z2 u. N" W
7 L0 }( r7 i! c$ g) Y2 R8 z3 e# DInternational Governmental Action0 X0 A+ Z) b, E4 T; @& |4 @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* m+ J3 i( j$ F4 d* E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! _% J5 L3 y6 c$ q' M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. Q1 V7 O- _$ V, N; Z* t 154. Severance of diplomatic relations: P. w) W4 l# W3 J9 j( a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 o- ]8 E' U; U) c$ g
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, s( V: T9 x9 q# n0 E 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 L4 q9 t. N9 ^
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 T5 m0 P+ v! g- s. O5 G
Psychological Intervention
3 [+ K I R& L/ D5 C1 P r/ v6 K 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: l% K: }! w* M6 s 159. The fast Y6 _# W5 r: \1 f0 N/ I% J. _6 f
a) Fast of moral pressure
. i: S- _& ~( F+ _ b) Hunger strike. p! @+ }- l) H9 Z# V! h7 ]% G7 _
c) Satyagrahic fast
$ `; w7 q! y8 r, ?. T1 L& E7 Q 160. Reverse trial
( P2 e. P) g9 e2 D/ p 161. Nonviolent harassment7 E# @/ E4 K# q% P, w
( t% f& y' O3 H z4 h1 b0 D
Physical Intervention; h: m) U/ @ Z% r M/ t& Y
162. Sit-in
2 u4 {1 P* j* L 163. Stand-in1 a9 k0 k, u8 c! k; r
164. Ride-in* P1 i" ^/ V6 C4 M7 R/ c$ P o
165. Wade-in- z* w. F0 F+ d6 D3 p5 q5 e
166. Mill-in, r, O- t7 O. U7 C' V7 ^1 l
167. Pray-in9 E3 g" z7 h7 J5 ^
168. Nonviolent raids
- q5 D* N T* g2 b& { 169. Nonviolent air raids
) y) W: G9 R* X) | 170. Nonviolent invasion
' \9 F, s" s2 D. `1 R' M( e/ S 171. Nonviolent interjection
: Q1 H: x. A3 F# `2 C$ m 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 g- Q% E. J3 t* j& ~
173. Nonviolent occupation
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) Z& h0 g8 q" M3 T1 lSocial Intervention
; Y P' z( w; P- F- z 174. Establishing new social patterns, X" H9 V! y4 V) P, }4 k& r
175. Overloading of facilities
; D( n- ?2 F8 Z1 P; f# i 176. Stall-in7 H) L! b6 Y. l
177. Speak-in4 o+ h/ k9 G9 r" E) j
178. Guerrilla theater4 V3 e/ q; h$ ?9 q4 F, `: G
179. Alternative social institutions
2 b. l) m; g: d+ w 180. Alternative communication system
. k) R5 W- j+ S: k7 j7 y( Z+ z+ y& n- n4 C0 g* C
Economic Intervention
3 b" g7 N- e% S- W0 [) c 181. Reverse strike
( ?0 n4 }3 h A- ^9 q$ Z 182. Stay-in strike& _# u. N! w6 S/ o# H: j! E% h
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ w7 T! H5 a6 Y
184. Defiance of blockades! H- l5 _5 F' w) J
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" W9 Y9 M/ m2 ?* p( Q 186. Preclusive purchasing$ g, U) u* T& i, j% x/ ~
187. Seizure of assets8 b3 A7 R- ?6 t7 s0 p. p
188. Dumping
! N% J8 O4 J# A 189. Selective patronage4 W$ o* W1 _* A! s
190. Alternative markets
: |& p5 P4 D% |2 d K1 S 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 D' P2 y/ I$ N 192. Alternative economic institutions
) d0 P" D# W! N8 u
$ {$ s6 K0 i) }. H/ | jPolitical Intervention
( O$ ^1 N2 T. q d3 r. I+ w 193. Overloading of administrative systems
' W4 m# g; E0 ?- b* S) | 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# n4 Y4 z& F! M
195. Seeking imprisonment! V/ P1 x( a# X* `4 ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' C. ^8 o) F& b* m
197. Work-on without collaboration! j1 B% L. K: p, `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
