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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
: {: C' M. r+ y& y之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。 N. J7 u7 x8 D- B& X
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!( i, F' o) I' W& S
) i! E: S3 Q5 o I! Q6 T- B(1) empty suit:6 p d+ O* r8 g$ H
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。0 N% P* Y+ D7 k
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。); T, ~! n5 g9 a! S
例如:5 n( J* Q) p& F* u6 u
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
* q9 n; h: u9 D' k9 j(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
$ |/ f7 \9 k( X6 g! IMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
, D J+ k/ t6 w(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)( R+ Q3 n3 f: D1 x* o3 L( k6 A
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:4 b" M! A; u% H; N5 t1 k
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.8 N7 j; e! h2 |% ]4 R& ?
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)) [/ U! A" E8 z0 A$ x/ w9 R
(2) fair-haired boy:% I& e& G! N8 W8 q6 I+ L% g& Z
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)8 g8 U/ y8 V T) G
(通常用单数,当名词用)
3 l% Q; ?% I" K Q' t9 M- y例如:
6 _- I. c4 n4 \0 N/ U) TMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent., \# ` z; w. m; r
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。); J& ^. s6 y9 N- Q; P
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
+ D5 v6 }6 K$ m3 R% Z5 Y9 E6 |(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
J! f& @0 o( ^- e& T' |/ n) I有时也可用复数:
2 P, N. ]! j3 K1 L& Y7 J5 W) }4 j, |4 IMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
/ b$ x0 Q8 Q6 A7 [(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)- f9 O' q" r' G0 E5 V
Fair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.& J4 t r! l4 i, k. {' a
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
. R5 l6 }" w2 ]* Y2 M(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
- `9 _) s4 o. x; m" D" F(3) fishing expedition:1 }3 C" _+ Z0 j1 F2 o2 y
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)# v) y) k( O" j* G% p
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)1 c) q4 l& T5 `7 }: l
例如:9 G; b5 m! Q1 W: M& z1 H- ^
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.- y/ Y( S, k$ W+ B
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)+ \$ w2 i9 q% D+ C! A
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.! z# ]4 w& M# X2 B" g. ]! ^
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
/ g! s6 ~) s- U% s5 `(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict); ?9 t5 j4 L( H( C
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
& R2 ^; |7 m6 a, d/ k(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
5 }- A& b% ^! m# I5 b" E1 u. b偶尔也有人用复数:
9 e& E- O9 O5 x# U8 `/ LSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office., |. Z5 D' N# Z. K! K9 y7 S
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)0 D; b9 S/ w# Q8 H. B
(4) filthy rich:' `% t! `8 V- r' P4 c
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)' o! D/ w/ S' a0 B: Y. Z1 ]* O* _0 \
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)6 r0 L! ?9 q; A4 @8 h
多半当形容词用。例如:7 i# s- I" G6 j- o1 l+ W5 @
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
2 ^, ?7 ]2 o% f" N x& I( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)7 }' x" h9 u4 A4 k
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
# r" k& w0 U& F* M+ n4 s(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
) _: Y+ D! n A% YA filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
- s. v/ G. D; U(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
- V" I5 L' Q/ a$ t% C$ s2 EFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
( G7 b# M6 N1 t, w- F7 N(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)* J' g! H6 q# A5 m6 T" A0 O6 \+ {% o
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)3 R7 \" Y: @1 a; ^; [4 i0 @3 L- e. l
(5) fairy godmother:% g/ S2 C: I) x1 V4 y4 b: V- t
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)" O- c }) K$ a" P1 L Z
(多半指有钱的女人)
6 {) z$ ?# C9 ]+ V(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
5 p! H0 L1 }6 l( Y# O5 uMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars. \1 X, }- @& S; f& t
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
8 T& }9 U/ H( g2 }, L) f3 G' x4 DAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
$ T' \, n: p) T(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)6 A+ n' l/ v: ?6 S
有时也用复数:
/ ~: @+ x, @0 c- @; o2 b& vOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.
- Y% Q, D' A" V' k* }(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)* n3 K3 b' C9 a8 ]% f
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.! ^& W+ n/ G, q) d) d% O: v
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener:+ J6 ~; t1 Z6 e# z4 V4 X/ [; i
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
/ ?* Z( O3 w1 [) F& K0 \( L0 H) x- |(当名词用;通常只用单数)
/ Y1 I( t E+ F; c/ H1 j q例如:3 Q2 n( a* ?) Z3 l
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.5 T8 p3 w% J! G, s( g4 ^
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
2 A' U6 f4 j! j/ |Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
1 @, l3 o* Q4 i+ v(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。). {1 p+ m5 E9 ]8 `9 Z) h
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
4 ?4 M3 C6 T8 p0 _7 y w0 V(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。); {! i0 t, ?# h4 e9 w
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.* f0 r% J. @4 T3 s4 w8 _3 i* F
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。): I: y1 n5 M. m0 B* }" N% C
(7) hot dog:
$ Q- b* ?* r4 Z6 I指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
. x, R9 k/ e/ g; q8 b( {例如:
7 B8 G9 W: ?& r' h$ GSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.! V- \% z6 G, L3 }/ }, T) T
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
B; a$ z: c' ]9 u7 N( U+ Q' V(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)6 z- o/ @7 A. K1 {
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog., z# e/ `1 a! f8 s
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)$ ?* x4 ~4 t2 Y) m
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
# M) Y0 J' b% v" EDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
! G7 L4 L& ^9 d3 [/ i, P+ u5 o' K(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
! p# _8 G6 T! L也指真正的热狗食物:2 R0 u( p5 o6 ^6 n& O) \ T9 o
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.. A6 ~' K* Q/ Z: F l+ O$ Z, M
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)( b R3 S2 [& h6 X, U# f- `0 F
也可表达欣赏的心情:7 f5 W z" w; e- l
Hot dog ! What great news for me.* y# v I' b& Q4 o1 y9 _. X' W" Q
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)& _1 I" k; S! Q: s
(8)eager beaver:7 `. r# L5 o. |1 ^: Z. h
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
. V8 [- R' m: u% H f2 g0 t(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。): ? H# B( u3 ~) d
(当名词用,可指男女)2 M- C4 g3 i+ Y: W' W- ]2 z. ]+ k/ m
例如:
3 U2 N) \9 a( d, F4 D6 g1 p EJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
8 I1 m; G2 {$ F(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)4 a3 [8 t8 d% h! Q3 J3 v0 d
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
; J4 b8 z, b$ F; G& o! x8 t(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)" D+ ^+ E+ Y0 E* R4 X6 {. m0 I& j' k
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?( \+ p9 D! b- Q
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)3 H9 r- g1 \3 o
You may find some eager beavers in any organizations." j5 W# }2 V; V4 l
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
" w( V: }* L( J5 w9 Y- k/ D' X& ~6 ?(9)doubting Thomas:9 E g0 N" @6 B" u6 T* O
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others). h, b# b! D3 y) I
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活), y. f8 ~7 I: V0 A2 K
(当名词用)) A2 T- A- e9 o4 k% n
例如:. Y q% S9 Y2 v0 e7 {
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.
i- s) f7 X( R, X9 Z(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
) _: t8 @: P5 ?( n: B* L% C" _There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
, M2 r8 V! L7 W( M. H(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
8 ?1 p" A; k: n8 S) X2 g也可用复数:
$ B( t# m; g8 f( P. m- B8 h2 aMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
+ _1 G2 A' T) z c6 Z4 g; G(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
: h, o3 L6 l& w( _3 eIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
r8 p2 {5 j1 J9 P p& H% o2 T(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)* m/ n) S8 X/ f7 ^+ H
(10)dragon lady:
$ F- |" R: `* A4 e/ i指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)6 \ C$ Y1 ? H% _0 S+ Q3 ~5 {
例如:! @- X+ l6 e, i$ X1 u2 U2 D% B
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.8 x4 N0 U+ E- i. {; e) D3 {
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
5 B7 m2 ? k5 u7 }2 e7 R( }I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady., O, I" V7 \8 O0 q( _, N8 L
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
O1 @$ H8 p4 IShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
0 p" H: a$ G0 e! L" x, r- W(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)' o1 `+ X! l' N
也可用复数:
7 x* F' j. d. z- }There may be many dragon ladies in our community.7 s" V/ A. a4 } ~7 _' Q+ l
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
5 f. u5 i' G$ c z注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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