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Accounting system 会计系统 1 f: V$ @7 ~$ J% V7 Q. J/ A2 ~
American Accounting Association 美国会计协会
, }6 ^$ {% ]. y7 L0 b+ {American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 * | C3 X$ J! b$ M
Audit 审计
8 h- J" m# w @2 rBalance sheet 资产负债表
7 |( l- y' S9 A/ @; F. e; Y ^! B: oBookkeepking 簿记 2 O$ o" z6 ^9 {4 N* }4 m0 |* U4 O
Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测
2 N5 K# I% ]5 L* |& F9 w' xCertificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书
- \! h9 D& v7 I( SCertificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 - r3 b E* |6 Y: J" a) c. a
Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师
& H6 D/ @3 `6 s2 o' }Cost accounting 成本会计 , `% e4 y5 W J; ?! U# b
External users 外部使用者
& O1 l5 A& i+ r0 SFinancial accounting 财务会计 . T1 s7 U4 N. [% Z
Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会
3 t! S9 O' \/ N# W) Y7 s7 rFinancial forecast 财务预测 9 }& v5 L% A0 v' l, p; q
Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 9 v; V9 r6 n5 Y' _& R- B
General-purpose information 通用目的信息
! c6 \ Z5 K a& f0 Y5 wGovernment Accounting Office 政府会计办公室 6 C; k# t4 `9 _, e) T5 j0 W
Income statement 损益表
4 S* f' @5 g" x* B8 v% yInstitute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会 & L" S3 ? }0 V( z# X, S% X
Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 - n$ O( _5 m( ]7 v- b: @# S
Integrity 整合性
3 s6 ?2 R! u, |: W, d! lInternal auditing 内部审计
/ c/ A e) j* I9 `3 g) K" UInternal control structure 内部控制结构 " Y! Z( v- ~1 C% N! E$ C+ T
Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署
6 n7 s0 X& K3 E# K. PInternal users 内部使用者 T# M, M4 y# ^! }" e! L* g
Management accounting 管理会计
( q- A' G" [* ?1 ^1 wReturn of investment 投资回报 , A! a* N) B, H R- r. |2 |# [
Return on investment 投资报酬 " c3 S0 g4 P; K7 Q( h' {: ]1 z
Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
% X g8 }7 g0 g, g8 OStatement of cash flow 现金流量表 * L t; {4 `' y) Z
Statement of financial position 财务状况表 ) s* B# p5 p( A- I. B7 r1 \+ W! \
Tax accounting 税务会计 ; X# u( ]& W# o0 R* N7 _
Accounting equation 会计等式 , a2 {- _8 b- ^2 ~" y- Y
Articulation 勾稽关系 B% `, M# d* p
Assets 资产
) t( \+ u; }) o$ k9 OBusiness entity 企业个体 - L" }+ A$ @$ K
Capital stock 股本 - x6 l1 D2 |& P4 R- Y$ v, W. x
Corporation 公司
1 ^2 n: P" x- E* K- r% iCost principle 成本原则 / f$ D3 n( D3 i, U2 p
Creditor 债权人
0 R: V) p8 l5 S2 {* v I6 _/ r+ Q3 ~# k5 WDeflation 通货紧缩
" ~6 y8 _3 \: X5 ]Disclosure 批露
$ M0 ^ c# Z, m+ @: Q! yExpenses 费用
: Q6 o+ v5 v! g& ]$ aFinancial statement 财务报表 8 W% @- ]6 c+ L! \; U& U
Financial activities 筹资活动
4 x& D" Z8 a" H" H1 h! P5 Q2 `Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设 ! Q, J" d. m3 e! f7 x) c# }! m
Inflation 通货膨涨
" B' n. h) o7 ?) r1 @% aInvesting activities 投资活动
% o- o* W8 p" u0 mLiabilities 负债 9 M% x8 b2 h% o9 ~
Negative cash flow 负现金流量 ) o8 P' z* u5 B7 D) ]1 d, f
Operating activities 经营活动 $ c1 p' {& y$ G, x4 D
Owner's equity 所有者权益 ! I2 K; `( y b+ W! D* x6 c
Partnership 合伙企业 ! M/ g& K/ u/ }% _# {- p; m# M3 h
Positive cash flow 正现金流量
0 W9 g% T: s# Y7 BRetained earning 留存利润 2 d, j5 D5 e& n3 C* g. V. z
Revenue 收入
; D/ {6 f, @7 d1 P0 ~Sole proprietorship 独资企业 : ?! S9 j- o, f; v
Solvency 清偿能力
$ ?3 }0 P6 F% ~. zStable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设 / l2 h, n- k. a" {" i
Stockholders 股东 9 X- I! n$ Y9 T
Stockholders' equity 股东权益 0 I, |8 N& t& ]( e- R
Window dressing 门面粉饰 . [1 G }9 z+ G) V' y
Account 帐户
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# A, o# I; E8 r" b主营业务收入 Sales
/ Y% w' _6 S$ i$ \折扣与折让 Sales discount and allowance
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产品销售收入净额 NET SALES
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7 Q- }; u9 `; X1 `主营业务成本 Cost of sales 4 C/ ?& u0 t% ~# ?
主营业务税金及附加 Sales tax 1 y3 |( O5 O/ G/ J- m& _- \
3 p4 ^& {) n8 E+ [" m9 S主营业务利润 GROSS PROFIT
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其他业务利润 Other operating profit ' B7 {( R2 E8 E' j$ d
4 C4 m S9 c6 y营业费用 Operating expenses : T: {6 N9 c6 n3 I
管理费用 General and administrative expenses , Y: m; I5 F9 q2 X6 T! m1 h) }
财务费用 Financial expenses * k( I3 x; V" {/ o/ @; E3 s2 D
存货跌价损失 Loss on obsolete stocks : Q5 M. N9 b$ h
" ]+ [. G- N5 [2 b8 B营业利润 OPERATING INCOME 0 l8 Q7 Z& P; }% h6 S5 x
8 `+ f. b8 C6 {! h
投资收益 Investment income
! S1 o) C3 w1 m* n0 L& R补贴收入 Subsidy income ' ^0 n% F4 F/ k7 ]( D! p
营业外收入 Non-operating income
4 ?, n. C) d, `9 {% F/ N; S( y营业外支出 Non-operating expenses
! D6 e' k6 ~" q) S, A7 ?以前年度损益调整 Prior year's adjustment " f. X) [4 b5 U
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利润总额 INCOME FOR THE YEAR 5 R. [( G! v) ^1 G) G; L0 r
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所得税 Income tax
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" t- s$ A+ H( ] T0 t6 A. U本年净利润 NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR |
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