 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。
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我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。
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关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。
! F2 O+ v; h0 |& w) r> MIPS Equivalents
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> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS4 u0 f% V+ N" ~4 q
> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
3 P8 \2 b, [6 F: q6 Z2 ?9 i* G1 b> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS
( i* S* ? }% o1 p4 U/ \> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS t; c6 u% W- K8 X# D5 h
> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS
* a5 J, i& X, [4 Y" l' X! x> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS7 v; Z( @; w; o+ S
> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS
: D$ z! ?* L+ B+ s$ q$ }> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS& U$ d- s% g# x) g. Q
> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS
' Z" \ R3 h& {> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS
, j5 |8 I& p/ K) Q b5 u7 L/ r> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS' [- f% ]( p4 U( ]# _! C& V) Y# z
> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS 9 G; _9 V# n) ~' w! J" _ G
> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS- }8 N! A0 z' d3 K% }
> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS7 ^9 h* k" j6 V- p4 c
> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS1 @7 o2 F5 z/ @. m* e9 @% e
> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS. r* T! e3 y1 S0 k+ u) a7 t7 _3 O
> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS! L; {9 k! @: p* {0 X! n+ {
> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS
+ z I: ?; X2 ?6 n> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS# I: K0 V: y6 o2 c% e* b3 F8 }
> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS7 H5 m5 _$ r8 m' ?* R- x
> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS' D7 E9 |7 q7 D# `3 @* a
> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS
. J" \1 z& E4 f- t+ Z& k> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS7 s6 J! R7 C) E) r' t
> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS& v `0 V6 c. C/ I, @9 `* X8 k
> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS( V. a3 F/ n+ ]* Q0 |
> 9 f( X1 G# T; H0 O* }
> Type
: Y# Z: u% I2 w- s% ` g5 Y> H Hand (manual calculation)
: h, h% Q- N: e> G Gear (mechanical calculator)
) m+ K7 p i5 S9 ~> E Electromechanical
3 q; H4 ]) o$ }" m9 [8 a> V Vacuum tube
k* @$ z" D3 ^& a9 ~( p" o' v/ m> T Transistor$ l, Q, w$ ~) ?" {) w) E8 ^6 n
> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)" e3 u# U. V3 v; f! r, ]& Z' p0 a
> I Integrated circuit
p7 T" P% w" c$ ?> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)0 J3 f& [ v& f" d. Z) l
> R RISC processor/ o# X: I& l. {' h T5 q
> M Multiprocessor. ~9 o j: F; r8 x0 b; G9 b$ u
> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph5 [4 R' g ~( g$ Z& x: S' z
>
. P# n( x7 |- W$ J> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS2 ^+ `/ i8 N& X' c7 d( T: u) W
> ' P/ B2 X/ L7 L# F- ?2 X( _
By_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-08
) h) R* c8 t# V+ JOhdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-09( M4 j4 d5 h0 I% b
Steiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-082 \. P* } C* ] R& ]5 X+ i
Hollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-08) {% ^; r' V% v7 Y; A9 \6 W
Analytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-07
& v8 Y' N; u) ^; A DMonroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
6 ~& T: s. z" f3 EIBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-08
9 f* H6 e' @/ g1 x6 v3 gTorres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08
% [) \5 ?6 K. E% L! D! xNational-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
/ l9 o% I. B8 f% K7 ^Burroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
2 F! x9 v" y. SZuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-08$ l$ M' q7 X% i3 H
Zuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07
2 P) ?8 R* {+ P0 I' X6 \( J" HBTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-06
% k x5 v, V( M& U9 L B! BZuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-068 t: E' p1 L5 ^; h }( E1 L* t; E
BTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-066 a o$ Y* F/ F1 a* m3 F" t
Colossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.000224
/ V' j0 z3 D, DBTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-06
6 n U* F% ^4 D. f1 {) \ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06, h n+ U* `5 Z" r+ w
Zuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-060 _# e1 f: `- l! D% m# ^
BTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-06& `4 A* F# @& P. A6 ]9 S# S
ENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.00289! J/ r( |" ]. }: }4 c
Harvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-068 y5 X( _) q, t( H; x# G
IBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597
' X& S \) P5 w5 ?% i9 c- hEDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
- \+ Q0 m& m+ DSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416
' O7 D0 T) P: HUNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575! P# p9 X6 P( Y5 U% D# K- D
Zuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-06; `% Z e( t+ X" u, ~" W# g
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.00176
' p5 ~# r8 b/ p: b- ~IBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966, n+ k5 w' P, y) W" {9 d
EDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.00177 v5 ?% i! c, @4 m, {' v
Whirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694" U! X: U4 j5 l2 K' r5 \
IBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.0536
2 V7 V( |/ L: W8 ?0 }* k+ s! nLibrascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.0007015 i2 m% ?% {$ E6 t. i# L. ?
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.326
1 E& ]0 z6 _0 k# DIBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.001030 d; e3 d3 r1 K' ^3 T# z
DEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.124
$ `, y, q/ W( y4 G; L$ vAtlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.4
" h( H$ F; T* @/ j5 J) l% `3 YBurroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.0989
8 q, b0 Q) k' P/ ^. X4 s/ xIBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063
F7 m. z6 ^: i' jHoneywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.15
4 V" T1 r# T- t3 g DDEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.1699 a% l+ n$ v! \8 d3 v. Q, n
CDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.76( n$ z, X# Q9 ^2 E! ], H
IBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15! y# y' a6 p& o( a. [0 Z7 @
IBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54+ W# L: Y* x. u7 @' N
IBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.24) }$ M; N |$ Y& ^
DEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.655
- d6 K+ p7 C# m. q/ |% vCDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7
+ b1 H3 d" J! d+ ^# UDG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.1175! Z3 }0 K5 P0 x! z; k# t
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649/ C6 @+ g, M" K" T
SDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.105
. v3 G ~( N- m9 }IBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.3; B$ @8 a. }* x8 V8 ]
Honeywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.075
! S- T% ^+ h4 a4 p9 EPrime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.36: v6 j F7 Z B8 a
IBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.88
) p% J" m. F4 t( M# ~MITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01- c! _. l9 j4 Z' e$ B9 q5 m0 I
DG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.47
: x7 K$ T/ V% v4 p5 z/ S- ZDEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.3
" I! Q2 _5 U: i' ~DEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.48 p" X5 A2 E/ D b% a" V f
Cray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 150% L; H. i( k$ D/ c
Apple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.022 O2 d2 U9 v* @
DEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.04 a7 ?; X& o! P" k) L' S* c, t1 Z, s
TRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04
; S5 P' r$ G- x! h1 P2 F. w( MCommodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06
9 H. F3 m) J% `5 z. e; M! \; [2 S qCDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.54 ?0 I* q* s; n3 y
Nanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1
0 u' H3 N0 a" NTRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.048 U3 a8 z/ H: Q( }
Sun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484& x& a" p, f& v( k9 `
CDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.28 v" Z- H, ?7 J. ?
Vic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04
( n5 L2 Q7 a* n$ L5 Y+ j$ S0 M+ FIBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238: }5 z, r, Y: ?0 A: F" u a; z
Sun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.7411 p/ n. d1 V6 X# r! H
Commodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.2
: ~5 m3 w+ a/ z& ]* {TRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2
0 A* s8 j7 k! W$ C5 cVax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.7999 z3 r, l! F8 D. U j7 n
Macintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52
; U3 ]" j% A* JVax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.26
1 w; Y" t- {- R; n/ HCray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 824$ M! E# o' ]# U- P G! v. c6 _ q
L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.261 i, U6 P- O: l8 {* D
Atari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165
3 \4 M: }% c$ VSun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.05( t! C% ^6 H- e% b1 I) r
DEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71" k2 I% H. `5 }0 A+ O/ F
MIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534
7 \+ }9 p, B, V6 P8 O' [Mac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.5
4 f0 f0 u* v6 r# NSun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.878 c& ?3 J" Z) z: Z9 y
Mac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.90 S) k# ?4 J% g9 ?& I* P
CompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8
' \, T$ y/ T2 ?1 N1 N: H& x5 f0 @! iPC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.39 R r7 e, |6 I* U$ n
Wang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103
6 l9 E' n7 p: j c7 J$ xMacintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.9
3 }7 p/ j$ c S! Y, o1 ~+ R8 OSolbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5
) E: p& m, V5 qStardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.35 F5 N5 L# Q8 F2 F/ l W- X& u0 [
Dell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.5
5 W* C5 d4 f- G5 [9 c. BMac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.09 a3 |- ~& S2 g) y
Amiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5( D/ H) V) T: b- i. d0 @
Gateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9
6 ~' n; c+ ]& l% \# p/ cACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.89 \! S' D2 c2 }. ~
Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0- |5 u9 |8 V# D% u+ {. O
AST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.9
0 [- {% u5 O- n. I5 J4 ?7 V; v0 f8 LIBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.6
3 v$ I: d, d3 f" L% ?' rNEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.8
; W$ Q5 |- F, \' GIBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1# { Q5 I7 Y9 X3 ]5 v2 c# P
Acer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5
) }' S2 C5 z& b- r6 z$ IDECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.61 \6 @6 b. R, `! A9 q
IBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1
1 {9 a& `: L, U- VGateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2" S# g% |* }0 S' l, n& L& Z6 ]
PowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 100
8 H1 h: W0 |" e: p8 LPowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 1801 F& W+ e3 [' u8 q ^( I
PowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 200) T8 s# S% Y; Z$ a% p- o% Z6 c
Intel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 706 X2 d2 w3 H: H# u
Gateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92
$ q0 V: A9 H k7 M' BPower_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 300
6 _. {6 B, X: H! h3 u" OPowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160
: y4 a1 ^, d! I& ~* O* X# sGateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 350
0 A( a/ S! i7 z, |' l0 b" YPower_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375 X- S7 j. ^8 d$ c* B; X+ [
Mac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 500
/ f( @: E5 G8 F0 b) R5 TiMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450
6 w( q- ^" B8 e# V. |AcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 475
2 d& T0 w! x% |8 n! Q; wMac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
- x7 P1 w% p* T) \6 N9 y( WPentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750" }; K; Q3 @0 Q( w6 U0 c
Pentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820% J1 W$ C/ t5 ~9 J
Mac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856
& e7 {' e" O: z1 R. CIBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e66 i) |# C/ Z7 J7 I
Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 60001 X5 I) c: w3 k) l0 T
Mac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 15009 w, N4 J0 K8 e# {
CerfCube R 2001 500 32 230/ p' w7 z8 T6 z5 ^8 c2 I8 m
Mac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300/ Z2 N( O& {2 J7 d( v- @. ^
Dell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 3320
4 c, L$ Z. w# z! x& h! _iMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 1100+ m2 ?, a) L4 h% q% A
Dell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
% N' `- r3 Z* JAthlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 4144
- ]. r- k9 R. ]! n, f. R3 }9 fMac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500: {( p7 ~9 o* {5 B! S8 l
Dell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 4439% [" S, K+ ~, W' i4 c) |
Mac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 74136 c2 Q# d5 a7 Z, N8 e1 R
Dell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 5100+ L. b5 N! I" Q) |) [( h: i
Mac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 10000( g& h% ~* P( s8 ~% L/ S, | D! g
VAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e69 ]: |* `& Q" m* q% Z5 {
Athlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800) A( Q3 s$ B6 _4 x; N
Mac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850; a t# ]0 |% ]6 ^0 ?% k$ F8 h
Opteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 7000
1 @4 D) o4 A* C: {Mac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000& e/ y' j0 l% K
iMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000
# ^8 G( {3 F2 i" w) z8 @/ k6 m" A( HMac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
# ^# u$ O( e" L, w" c- y: PMac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 90007 Q, W7 K+ y; Q, u( ^
Mac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 500003 Z1 s' W- e4 j4 | E. n4 w% L- b
Sun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6
- i6 N( E$ h# x AIBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e64 Q* B; c2 z% B) ^! ^$ L* {
Mac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 60000% L7 Y0 D3 `: ^! c5 k5 J* x5 {
IBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e92 B2 g) H' `" A2 p
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9- @2 j8 K# {: H" o, B( r% b1 `! Q
Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 11000+ |' b, M3 O: Y! y8 X
Acer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000/ ^; P; u" G# k0 m
Mac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 78000
4 k" d0 e& e! j5 H/ F4 ECray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e94 z! f. E J( w0 O
Mac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 1210006 f/ E7 Z3 R0 [
Tianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e9
9 X% g# ]" i8 N% Y: W; L0 siPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600
; {% n- a2 ^$ M3 H4 W* A$ T5 d8 U5 CiMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000 x7 j/ K6 t. `" R8 D3 s
MacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 510002 N6 q( f5 [0 ~& G( j/ `+ a
Fujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9- o. |' ~# Q( l' |
Raspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 1000
- [5 L4 s! q" niPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 41508 p- g& l) L+ G# J0 Z
iPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210
) _5 ]# r1 v) L3 d% Q! z- }iPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200
0 M% x/ J+ X, [3 T) wMacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240
# k6 q3 W1 ?, U( z7 T, P, f7 @MacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153
" f, u) _+ b, ~7 ?$ `>
5 o6 ?0 D- C9 i% R: i3 O> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
8 f! `2 t) E. i* ?/ G9 n> |
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