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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 , k, [9 @9 b! }- H5 i2 a
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
9 {# P! u8 w8 e% U5 I; UBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
9 p" h: _' Y/ o/ P& ?The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.7 D3 y U3 T6 y- Q5 ~
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
$ a3 L8 o. x' O) |2 |# o( NThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
# I* W) c$ }- j$ N0 k, \( o$ w! E3 dThe country codes used are :+ U: P- V( _7 _. H0 ]. I2 k
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CODE \COUNTRY
" n; g5 W1 s) U0 q3 r$ m00-13 USA & Canada" F W+ x0 Q9 X- R( c
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)4 t. v; y" I6 V: [ W! ^5 u9 [7 F
30-37 France) ?! s3 e/ X/ [) H* S, q
380 Bulgaria4 \/ a" J" y' b
383 Slovenia
; q! p5 N; r' x. o, ^385 Croatia }0 v9 A c7 s$ S0 h
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina: q+ V* d& a, v% _. r+ h0 q
400-440 Germany
) l+ U0 D9 E0 o. J; v" a- r45 Japan
* ]0 O& m' P- K1 K5 z3 |- P p46 Russian Federation* ^8 E) L4 u, b4 f; X( D! q; v$ |' R
471 Taiwan0 G3 S1 V2 P* M+ R1 Z9 [1 u" p# `
474 Estonia
% x' m4 u+ `0 C6 U) m* m475 Latvia. f/ H8 s# p3 z( u% j
476 Azerbaijan
* o# U; M$ W! @& P9 G# D5 {477 Lithuania
X/ k$ D6 X. e478 Uzbekistan5 E9 R1 g+ S6 A# \9 d* \' B# v1 C! H/ o* q
479 Sri Lanka
2 L, D, j& U9 X5 K! \ ?480 Philippines$ Z& ]0 U `. w+ P3 H' Y* V2 r$ y
481 Belarus
7 Q1 u& ]& r/ U+ z482 Ukraine7 ^1 T' p w' z
484 Moldova
1 R' q( h7 w2 Q+ U485 Armenia5 x3 D" ^$ F0 g X+ H
486 Georgia
5 C) G4 [6 I2 ?2 f/ H7 b" R3 B487 Kazakhstan& R* b5 S2 s2 A* }, {" h
489 Hong Kong3 \9 x- r: c+ d, c
49 Japan
# H/ t# Y! D) V0 Q2 M50 UK
; I. t+ G1 Y: H. V3 x520 Greece s3 a" r0 O/ j$ v7 x
528 Lebanon
, g; _2 ?/ S K& B) I' g529 Cyprus7 V4 Y4 D9 z9 @9 f5 z( h: _4 k
531 Macedonia
. Y) F" w+ L. d9 w535 Malta& [" X8 c$ S: q
539 Ireland* @7 n/ C2 m% {! u- [/ \0 N
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
. Y3 W7 i# }2 o v2 y$ H0 R6 R560 Portugal
$ n4 L4 z2 W, p569 Iceland+ \, C/ n( g+ l) s1 r7 y
57 Denmark
& [* @. |- z; w N8 u* H- t590 Poland; j# N( r* ^, a3 G- q* V s/ D
594 Romania
. P2 O3 X/ M# P1 S599 Hungary
4 I# `2 c( V% h* D/ y3 i600-601 South Africa
6 j( W5 S' U7 t: o9 r, u0 L" x609 Mauritius4 T; p; Y& [: P" o9 N+ R
611 Morocco1 v% ]+ h# U+ o5 |
613 Algeria
" T8 F$ Q; S/ I9 B619 Tunisia/ X$ t' ~- H* P0 ?
621 Syria
; E6 y* L+ w; Y/ X" z" L622 Egypt; ~. ?, r6 G2 f5 f# o
624 Libya
: i& }; z' R' C6 b- G$ k; E: K625 Jordan( @# ]! ~, Q b7 }9 C
626 Iran
" t' A! `( q0 A627 Kuwait9 Z% T2 z4 I: j3 ^2 P
628 Saudi Arabia
/ n6 R+ R/ X9 e* f629 United Arab Emirates/ g4 A& I& R) J5 w
64 Finland
9 m# H- R$ b0 G' B+ }9 u690-692 China
* I, Q$ J1 ]* j6 A5 l( ^70 Norway. ?# @# n3 n4 D8 F
729 Israel
3 ?! Q9 k2 E: e" }& {# F3 N73 Sweden
4 }8 t' I! [. r1 F6 D, O740 Guatemala! c' k+ b* E" W
741 El Salvador
% w$ T) Q5 R$ R; w9 f742 Honduras4 u4 ]/ K5 N5 d% H) Z
743 Nicaragua7 z& ~1 \" P* }! h: u
744 Costa Rica2 \; c' i; p# r# L+ }6 ~
745 Panama
% u( s" }' `7 W3 f746 Dominican Republic" t/ I+ l# X8 Z! L
750 Mexico
% V X) A3 j$ x( {+ `1 [759 Venezuela- t- ?7 |) M# d/ O+ z, Q/ I
76 Switzerland3 H7 `% I1 e+ Y/ D
770 Colombia4 m6 T& b7 L& @) {: i
773 Uruguay
6 `9 c: }4 R6 i8 }7 H0 b775 Peru- W" G; ^! O( q- N2 I# R$ ~) A1 d; ~
777 Bolivia
# [! @1 y# s8 m7 K, w' w779 Argentina' y5 F( o1 G9 K4 k
780 Chile
0 E/ n) b0 {9 y1 t1 Y. f784 Paraguay
( F: |* `5 M. H, G7 M# _ Z; x785 Peru5 U( Q c1 N; h+ s a
786 Ecuador2 F: f; M* b; M M0 `- G+ H2 o$ K
789 Brazil
9 \& ~& Q7 r9 I5 l2 r. Y80-83 Italy3 _" |" _" M/ t4 ^' e. y
84 Spain1 q6 V# E b8 c4 t% W7 w& R+ }& w
850 Cuba
9 ]; d. {* n& Q0 e" ], q/ Z' \1 _0 x858 Slovakia
: c( A; |8 Q9 r8 R; ^8 N859 Czech Republic- q! \" i# L2 D) L! b4 H3 {) s
860 Serbia & Montenegro
5 i" w9 j' @7 D9 h# h, r' s869 Turkey
9 f- P, y4 b, \/ Z87 Netherlands! h& Q7 b5 g# I/ p/ v+ y
880 South Korea
) N9 b' B( g# @7 |$ p! D885 Thailand8 N4 K1 f! J2 l0 k
888 Singapore
1 }$ ?3 b7 f% D890 India9 d. d! e P; T& @7 ?7 L
893 Vietnam
! i3 _* o5 o" c$ L+ P0 c7 `8 D5 g899 Indonesia
8 e7 c# D6 F) I H4 X5 k6 k: i90 -91 Austria' B3 Y" ^1 ?% l1 r0 _( \/ r
93 Australia
8 D8 A/ P7 w) i! Z% T$ G94 New Zealand9 K! t5 K$ d* \$ _6 L& F
955 Malaysia, B3 N* m) b% t1 T
958 Macau
) Q( m/ Q( A" V- i( D977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
/ V- ~& k6 x8 e978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)0 L* n( m( @+ [1 D5 z
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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% b) Z4 J7 [6 BMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm7 W, ~! A: x4 H% Y4 i" n$ y1 E
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