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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ' [6 T& y0 t" K" E8 [; H# ]$ U. P$ a4 C
% f# W& E# T! x. M 一、厕所
. O1 g$ o& ?9 W 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
. `+ b! F+ T3 E) H( S 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: - I$ P5 @! s+ H, q
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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1 V( G2 N* Y% g0 Y6 ?0 L 医生或许也会问:
; |( j; x# i( z8 K, \" c Do you have trouble urinating? 8 ^$ D" N' W1 I/ \0 X$ e% t
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) - R7 p+ R @0 G
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此外,还有其他的说法: # k& l: W8 d/ n$ U
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
- T0 v4 [2 q3 x * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
6 g8 Z% [* b5 N( e4 D * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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3 F6 Y8 \: C+ m$ b 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
. w4 N- M- `- c# v * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
8 \0 j4 D! j7 p. P/ Y1 f 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
3 y& v6 y0 m' m$ A1 `+ l- P. @) D 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 8 ]1 d( H# f& g0 D
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 8 K! h( u! u4 E a2 f& w
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 3 O6 P& ]7 O1 D* L ?! K# G6 S
* The boy needs to pee. 9 I0 j5 e$ I7 b
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
4 t; U. x9 r9 u* e9 {/ Y! W * Do I need a urine test?
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4 s* X+ d, B* R( p4 Q 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
9 ]5 ` r; c4 e * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
2 B; T) k7 r, I& w2 E * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) * }: J, u0 \8 M- d
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
* f8 _' {" j9 C * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) , ?* g* Z6 l7 ]" r8 _$ D; W; Q
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
( C/ h1 c0 r' t( w% u * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ! {) t( L+ p$ |% O6 X8 I6 W3 O, m$ ^
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 7 y" W/ C3 d, r2 s$ q+ A
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
2 M" A. D- c: T to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) / U9 W, c6 P) t, }; I/ c3 W8 Q: x
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 5 v* h2 [0 y/ s2 Z
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) / n1 L% }+ M/ t4 {# t! J4 m
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: # ]/ Y% ~$ ?. l9 i- K& |* \1 C- m( B
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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7 y# [* a$ k) E 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: + G0 y5 H( J/ i. H; \0 L' e
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) {, P" {; _( j7 F
6 |. T) w. \8 X1 z% G; J! t# C( d6 w 四、放屁
" m" D# u) A. \8 b$ v: K2 s 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
& G# h6 j3 ~; J# o& b2 \ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? , s2 T0 @7 @' B$ k5 A( p8 K% N
你放屁的次数很多吗?
6 M# \( S8 Z6 \5 Z * Is the gas expelled by belching? $ Q" ] Z" g! H6 A+ `
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
. ` N9 {6 X& ]& e * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
7 y" u+ w8 P" |; L0 h# I 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 8 a8 e2 E8 z; R+ B" |! p
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. % G3 o) { {( N: O7 S% m3 a. ?
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
" `( j, j: N/ C7 h( {2 _ * Be careful not to fart in the public. + j3 g( D6 e0 R/ T2 D& ]! O3 K; D
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
2 p/ X/ W L. k- C+ @ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ; q- Y3 Q; z/ W/ a
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 5 k; ~/ \; [7 d# M$ J1 [! f) U2 L
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 4 B; D& w# v) q' B4 @# G
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 3 c4 S% D* r2 r: @# C/ z
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
, F5 c- h+ ]. U0 o 他经常便秘。) 或 ) ~- P3 p5 O# a+ K9 W+ g+ L' v0 A
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ( H) p7 x0 x1 ~/ I8 [. N5 X# i
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 - q4 B9 x0 x& }$ B2 H
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
/ m( a: q. K% X0 ] 他拉了一阵肚子。 6 M% W$ ~ G9 A) r6 T
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
( R7 b& Q. g N, C 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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