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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 7 I8 P/ H/ Q; \0 g/ Y
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一、厕所 ( }/ f/ q& v% S/ @ ?" Z2 G( @
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ) D# A W) _( Z2 \
- l7 | g# b. N: d 二、解小便
" L* U* f2 M7 i* s$ r# F 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ; ?% q0 z1 b% L
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
9 e" R. o% R$ z0 c Do you have trouble urinating?
+ w( V, l1 `/ p( y+ C8 Q =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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0 c( k @! a2 J! t: ~. X 此外,还有其他的说法: : O( A4 o5 z& e; F" `! I8 ` ^5 J( R
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
! q: ~3 i: d4 ?6 k/ O% W * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
. |8 K; B3 N* S * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 7 E: s. z+ ` y! g0 P* O- A
+ q' o5 G1 D8 A: V 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: $ K! q8 x; ~7 o8 D; s
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
/ [- f' t( c( V, U 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 9 L. T/ R9 u1 r3 T6 k
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 3 ~' N2 Y6 }+ T$ L: I0 P; q" P
* g( U( J! \) L1 h% M, Z * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 0 L! j5 F/ K( O3 @4 a
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 / a4 _# R6 F) f0 Y. F2 U$ q
7 k% `: j7 X: ~3 o+ |$ t 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
% V$ D2 C$ h# u0 g. N$ y7 R * The boy needs to pee. ' z" F5 N6 m6 O- ]
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 4 L5 D" W7 t: J5 j1 ^2 `. M, S
* Do I need a urine test?
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" L# U3 k1 i5 L( T* K 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: # N- h( [ H' E. B: }( ~
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. / r6 n$ v8 _) I2 J
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 1 } R; B6 Q5 ]1 p [/ K* m% t
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 5 P" G2 B/ o; v) Y: T
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
1 r1 ^* f1 X) I- I2 l# J: q * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 5 O9 Z# @% |' N+ `
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
3 V; \7 [ I3 a- Y * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) % e+ g( I5 s/ C. y' q# x
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三、解大便
+ w5 v' K* o, |! J, N" d2 H* Z4 q1 M# } 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ' y+ O; m4 [ s$ ?, X; Y0 `6 h
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
( d7 E& j9 Q9 g) |' F# E; q =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
! e' i) r' N& R. [% A9 ]9 Z4 Q * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) % p! p* W3 x+ S6 z x
, t9 S3 q+ g$ B( }+ H2 L 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 4 e6 |3 R1 z0 S
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: H! y: T- `9 e7 U
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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/ }9 Y" X, U- S6 q( H, `+ R! _$ }1 }% d0 r 四、放屁
# N5 `. V0 C H* G" b 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: , f9 q/ t7 e# H2 {1 l, |4 Q
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
# n0 U# ?) b% V5 d+ t6 B& Z 你放屁的次数很多吗?
8 T9 q* L7 J, m * Is the gas expelled by belching?
( S8 U( k# `8 k+ A1 a 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 2 W+ s" p2 y$ [# i0 `7 B. t
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 4 R& u% U6 J' V" ]: @1 k
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 : x6 w. x) q- T4 B8 u
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
. }0 {/ X* O4 e 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 0 f7 K. d. @, Y& M. [
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
) l j8 I3 R1 F) e3 { 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ) {# `7 o; f) o2 p
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: " z' t0 _# s, b5 c9 p/ V
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
4 C6 y2 g- v/ K/ l, K7 X = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
3 R2 b s, N$ K4 R* A 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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/ |' @9 T1 p' I' r * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ' |7 ]3 ?2 |0 G7 ~) E4 D$ P
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
8 t6 }$ \6 W7 j * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
7 N# D! u% K1 O/ K/ Y. s! |2 E 他经常便秘。) 或
- L0 v& S+ |3 [0 ^ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
' e6 y7 i. h# s1 [; z! N * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 1 a8 x" o/ Z: R z, ^
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ' z! s" |6 @6 q
5 u/ m/ R" z6 a3 T7 f * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. & f( Q z6 k- _/ c) v' q
他拉了一阵肚子。
! \, O4 j5 k9 t4 E5 _ * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
; ` S1 A; z5 u. S7 y 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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