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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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) n! N9 w G: T7 R1 Z 一、厕所
, ~" e( z0 ~+ g) }6 A 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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+ s5 h8 v( Z" r5 E 二、解小便 5 L" H, \3 G2 ~- B7 D. c
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: K+ Y: f6 R# V3 t/ X2 K1 ^5 g7 V
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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4 G! y9 Y& R9 Y% u2 K- k, T; a 医生或许也会问:
" Q6 L8 `, L( u Do you have trouble urinating? 0 { o8 S/ d. b/ [( T& b$ h
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) - _# ?; B4 I* a
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此外,还有其他的说法:
1 m: S/ k: N) v% a to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: / _8 q) T5 B& b! I2 V
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 5 G9 u& t6 i9 r6 ], ~ p- ~
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 1 [- j8 Z, y. t
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 0 ]. y' {) S( Z/ `9 v `$ @
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
' P% ?3 v m, `% |- t8 i5 }3 ]; t 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 $ t7 U' x! }# Z* e, Y
: K! Z/ B+ x3 k$ {- R0 R * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
9 m/ F9 e5 W! D( j0 L$ D+ Q 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ! U# K: b9 Y; S3 V9 x& j [
+ Q- f3 j) |; H) Q * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ' B4 F% u( D, R+ i2 d6 D: ]
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 6 {/ X, a g$ Y6 h- a# `! Q
$ H+ ?+ H# h% W1 p! x 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: # j! Z$ W# T2 l6 V
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
5 o8 @4 v. k7 u5 a * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
* c% ~7 j' J3 n$ q9 n * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
+ X4 Y' q3 e7 I6 U7 n$ f5 Q, P+ L * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ) Z0 N0 J, s. |( c4 N
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
5 j5 u5 Y1 I5 I: f q+ ~ * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
3 r+ V' l' F) ?' [; \ * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; F( {' t5 z% P% u. ^5 ^
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
+ G7 c$ R0 L1 n: Y * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ( O0 z; Z' ^ a4 f% {$ r1 @; r
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三、解大便 0 y0 ]5 Y. v7 L$ E
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
$ H: K0 I7 ]; q! X" b. W2 p, T to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) - Z+ ^* t( b/ e! O6 P% `
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 9 {. z: I% u" m) T8 f+ Q8 n
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) V! s, R& u9 U
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
1 S5 D& Z$ R2 Q( z! [ * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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3 v6 O2 f" G, \/ j) { 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
; q/ e, D' W' h7 G+ |- O * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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: }5 k$ p$ h `: G0 f6 O: p 四、放屁 2 I4 ]5 r w" [
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ' [" t4 J% V# k6 b. Y& M5 ^
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
9 s2 }# U" U, n+ L4 L 你放屁的次数很多吗?
& T& D$ b& _( D2 \) L0 r * Is the gas expelled by belching?
1 c% I8 ` {- `! Y8 x/ q7 Q 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ) `7 W% d( X* t# l" Z
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
* e5 k, X$ v1 ?: t# z$ y0 J5 r 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
% P7 z! Y V( U * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. , E4 U8 d: L0 h* T
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
' ]+ P+ b' ?4 {/ X * Be careful not to fart in the public. 7 ]1 m: ]* F' r7 ^
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 / [8 F/ e' Q9 l9 R8 @
' h* e G! `; H 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
. e3 R4 X8 T' t% k3 x7 ` e+ g0 ]7 H * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
+ s. b" \$ K7 K2 X; t9 b- G = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
* R& h' q3 Q" _) M+ ~/ m6 Z$ _ 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) " {; k3 P( z3 j8 y4 X) @
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
% z5 Q6 m# y( x$ D7 H1 i" d5 \ 胃不舒服有两星期了。) / L8 Y G8 q" ^) N$ j
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
/ o# S, \- z: c% w9 D 他经常便秘。) 或 + h: M, m4 r3 J% a# D3 g1 ~4 q
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 * ]& [$ v. P5 L. y' J5 f9 S
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
- {% p" B% \1 l* f7 q1 h/ ^8 z * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 0 ~0 C, U' V* {& l3 H
, @) j; t* a0 S- s5 B * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
# d4 R) `) \4 H# P7 D% L, | 他拉了一阵肚子。 6 H! V+ v. D/ y" L: S9 ^5 R
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
: |' L. b+ ~6 P/ X* o& W' ` n' H {$ W E 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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