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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 : c2 {& `/ `% d6 { r. c8 K7 O
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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; B* \( q/ C6 _( z1 F H$ Y6 k 二、解小便
* d1 t9 f2 g+ i 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
$ G5 S7 R {. G* H. X5 A5 F Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
6 f- s! o5 I% S$ \$ t N3 J Do you have trouble urinating? 6 R6 }6 n$ H/ b. F/ N" ?
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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( |! ~) Z1 u3 i9 h4 B$ P* o' @ 此外,还有其他的说法: : A6 ^+ u- }! H' a+ U; }3 E
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: , C. P! n- \, |- Y
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
( b* S6 I# Q6 z, W; r/ r3 D * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) : p Y/ c' F( y
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
' x6 v' R5 n* N2 L4 \/ `* R, m * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 0 |1 q& [% P1 o$ l& r& A8 z# d
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. - Y+ [5 M2 T& `* h1 A. L6 A4 N9 w3 w
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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; c9 n( k) Q% [1 Q; E * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
m0 _3 n. p# @6 p 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 4 G3 c- [/ [4 s6 Z
0 r* n) [' S4 `- I3 R 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
- A/ t7 s/ L+ n( v/ W# k5 j * The boy needs to pee.
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" L" a, J8 P$ k7 o5 w4 ^3 G 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
5 s5 U$ ^0 P; n9 w e4 @" W% k * Do I need a urine test?
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$ Y( l8 q) x0 {9 K 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
4 w0 z- j( H3 c7 ?& ? * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
/ W1 S5 i0 u8 ~. b) X1 m * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) T6 D5 i0 K2 o1 Y7 A
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
) j% Y/ \5 ] ` * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
# G) o/ j1 l! C' M8 t$ a * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
( T0 m% j4 D* \7 r0 E3 i * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
/ c) r1 j( q* o( z- B2 p2 v7 P% u * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 0 a5 h4 P9 Q) C z S1 O9 p3 C! R
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三、解大便
0 `& Y1 @) \' \6 l 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: $ m8 Y! }9 Q7 B. @2 }' Y/ Q' h
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 7 d0 Q( z6 t. ^) A6 n+ b3 p2 h
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
' f) |# s$ Q/ ^6 ?! @8 c0 U * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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+ {' t( e! G6 V# Q 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ; Y3 {( a* H! P x: n d" `
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
. M, ~, t! J$ }! n( t- y T7 _ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
: T' i( v% J3 T/ c W& m* l 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: : _9 i9 _. U7 s" O R$ w9 _2 N
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
1 p4 {9 o3 b3 P3 L 你放屁的次数很多吗?
; Q0 p& G( R- V* K * Is the gas expelled by belching?
# p5 |- j1 q* M$ K 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
$ Z9 h) K, F# G( v * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
2 }/ L% x4 T9 p) \, E, h; V 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 # R! f$ W1 o( d* D) e
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
: n0 Q Z8 V6 Z& Q: G6 S, F 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 % k, I/ g$ H9 s, f& [9 ^8 l: l. W( I
* Be careful not to fart in the public. * x7 ? T3 M% u) o6 R
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 3 i6 C5 ?" M( P9 ]3 X% \# `
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 6 }4 Y! O% O( E/ g
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
( Q& R1 T4 ~/ }: E = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
4 [ ?* n f B5 {2 H: u 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 9 ~+ g. U' ?$ |- U" B4 M2 T- f
2 y+ i* P: L8 k' |1 O! Y * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. _6 k! p/ a; B2 ?' O( S9 h
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
% N3 Z( |# ~' V+ z ~ * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 p* w1 `* X' B& Z
他经常便秘。) 或 ( F! i% G0 k2 ]
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ; T% W7 O. @ E8 `
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
$ |4 G! O; z$ g" ^& n2 n% [ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. + ?2 B1 s. z3 ^) r
+ x- z6 z- ?' x6 b* d0 ^4 t * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
; ?2 q5 u# v u4 A, P2 g: ^ 他拉了一阵肚子。
/ \$ w! R" o0 Q/ k; M; P * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ! n& d9 h7 C; m# N
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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