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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 1 [" _8 N9 t+ b
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一、厕所
# S% G9 X) j" d5 ?& u6 t 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 * I; V" S" P' P3 O9 x
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二、解小便
) G7 K9 e& S$ Z! i0 k3 x 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
, Z" \$ J0 q: d( O Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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: {' d& L X) O6 F 医生或许也会问:
5 q. n' Q/ x$ J) ]* D Do you have trouble urinating?
8 z, X) ?: i$ x% y+ E- {7 V =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
' u! B$ s" t0 W4 Q* G5 t1 _- ^/ {/ Z7 r to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
5 l( c; u2 ^5 y$ t * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ' j* `2 u2 Y1 J* w
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
( h \4 z. M* q3 V$ [1 ? * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. : ]" Q r! A( i
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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; m7 _2 e1 b& I' j" ^ * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ! m) o0 J+ U9 }, y
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ) K% e$ S2 u' t- p! @7 Q) m
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. . Q8 ^ X3 J( |# g/ C1 Y
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 5 Z9 |6 @) E% J% H6 h8 d
. X2 a! h, P3 M5 |9 \ 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
' |: P9 E* |9 j * The boy needs to pee. . h1 Q# M; |, @( V$ h2 R
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: " D% W, A: X9 o3 ~
* Do I need a urine test? % r9 A6 N' G' O' ~- z
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
' l0 ]$ u5 T/ z5 S0 i: S * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
8 C4 Z5 j' V( U/ `% b& ` * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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) a4 H5 b+ f q 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: & o5 T, h/ S4 i4 x
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
+ A. r. D% [0 K% I * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
$ a ]6 m( i0 ^7 R! E$ d * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) + }; @- b! G" W; `2 a
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 2 F5 T) B* ^6 ^& [" v& |
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三、解大便
: S. ]; ~4 m# n6 ^! l5 [4 q 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
5 F5 n- t& C4 y: N to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
: @& {6 @% T: F; ]$ d, J =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
% F8 Q0 T9 [0 e2 e" _1 G * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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/ ~. J5 ~" k5 d1 M1 ~ 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: , X# @ U. d/ F" o* M
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) p: T$ N2 c! q
0 @5 F2 G& a# o 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: : P& X0 o0 ], P1 ?
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
, w+ w# g7 M& h+ M 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
/ a6 A# R a# [ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 3 H# O- x: f4 @: b
你放屁的次数很多吗? $ o- U6 X. f9 I; v4 E8 l. y" ^* s
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
" a5 O9 q' G o- E _# J/ m* }2 O 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) / ^1 _& g' Q) j) R* A X
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
9 n8 G( k* K, x) I# o 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
6 t$ b9 k- }0 }$ [1 I3 j * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 4 l, C" K6 L9 }: _; h. _7 x
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ( K4 c( O4 ^! V% {1 Q" L! u' s' ]
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
2 \# R# U2 I0 l! t( Z' N 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 # |6 O/ K5 p9 P9 ?. I: S
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 3 |2 ]7 l- C2 v! M0 }- I
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 3 C) E0 C6 i3 y* x7 X7 `! k; \
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
: D% U p( W, E) n4 o 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
& u/ C7 M- E* U( @ `9 W 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
- K1 N! m3 f% p5 I * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ; k5 |! _" {5 o" u+ f/ R4 ]* j7 h% |
他经常便秘。) 或 $ J2 o4 ?1 d& b: Q* G
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 / q9 p3 G1 s, b# Z7 O! C
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 9 U4 b, l# Z+ P9 f N7 [% G. B
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ( N# O# v# R3 r; Y
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
- X5 F- o- z' G) z4 c4 R9 p3 H 他拉了一阵肚子。 - _ Q# z( w2 `% v+ T6 T
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) & a6 G6 l8 V5 Q1 r! c5 l& C' b
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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