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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 5 |& W0 x5 V- X4 ]
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 - K$ c( C( R7 G( x- u
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二、解小便 9 j" ]6 F0 D1 w% j
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ) B8 W" M3 \) W" E/ m
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
' w; E5 m! v2 v; v" [ Do you have trouble urinating?
5 |2 a" X, J/ C8 d& K: x' K =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 7 [& `4 x1 S* |2 e! [4 x6 }! z* N5 |
3 ^) |. l O6 h$ P" j8 _8 A3 A 此外,还有其他的说法: + S- c1 S O) Z- b
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
0 x* j' \0 [+ b. Y l * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. , }3 p0 @' b9 f% ^4 D% T
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 4 V- u' r8 ?# i0 q+ k' h
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
[: o5 ] \- O' q: a) F 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 2 B/ \, e# B$ C: d! h# K2 w
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. , d O0 E, ] i
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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5 @2 `' C, _3 q2 d6 y * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
, }; Q% G1 l3 N% ` L8 b6 G3 d3 F 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 9 X- e: @! x! `- ]* g
* The boy needs to pee. # O7 F# i( \& c
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
4 ?9 Z9 x% q+ R6 P& q' j# Y( h * Do I need a urine test?
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$ N8 z" i3 H! \. h$ N* k 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: * [, Z( W- n% ^# I* b. R* ~7 U
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
8 k! M& {8 V* W( _+ h( C- I * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: * a/ G3 T) U4 N. E! o! s
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) $ ^* Q! R" |3 j) U# D9 W5 K: s: j
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
4 c4 B4 I' @- @: Q * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
]& ~5 v' ]" H0 h, W) _ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
5 o/ ^# B+ i! t3 g0 i& r5 _ l 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
( D6 `0 q5 S- j, [+ O to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) / D" h' h8 t% j
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: * E+ V4 d2 B) Z8 @$ Q0 F
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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0 N- e% x. e5 s' `+ V. ? 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: & n6 F% b6 C; ]( f3 _: ], V- ^
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
7 `2 m: |8 v! I2 _- u# [ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ; m/ \7 j7 D, M+ r- x
" X/ T! ^9 T8 ~4 \ 四、放屁 5 W8 q: ^( r) e7 M: c" v
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: , a) ]0 C' ~ ]) Y4 x( x
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
& R6 k4 j- p5 v! y& b+ v2 H$ M 你放屁的次数很多吗? 1 P! f5 V' O! ~1 ?; r# h, t. m
* Is the gas expelled by belching? # n' v1 p/ }9 F* M, v% I! B
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
6 m/ b' N; j9 \/ d+ R, X$ w8 N * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
# k, Y) n. o$ P& e. m 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
9 ~ |7 q: v+ c0 v4 ^& A! H * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
3 Y* r, m! V& Y! R5 W$ z 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
* G' H) ?, D) V! k * Be careful not to fart in the public.
( b$ t- e! F/ N$ ?& M 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
6 t! z8 }# A0 ~8 z7 L' Y1 @0 v# t& o * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
% l1 M" A6 T/ Q2 x* o = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
& q1 W' E: S8 r. D 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. # h1 a1 ]2 h7 D# V7 X0 L- T7 ^) j
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
, b! W d1 c) V( K * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
0 Z l% H% Y7 s0 T9 \ 他经常便秘。) 或
! \5 Y/ ?0 g8 g3 O8 G; M * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
4 m4 B) ?1 W: Y$ J$ r8 D * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
o) n6 S; |# x0 J * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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3 W4 U7 ` P$ G" @2 o4 X5 ` * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. : C& L7 R6 t& ~$ {( ?. d9 A3 D; ~
他拉了一阵肚子。
8 }) w j. N# ]3 y * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) # j" y2 L! N! ~) G' G" W
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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