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两人对话,乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如: Do you like it? -- Yes,I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合: You worry too much.-- No,I don't.在后一种情况下,乙方也能"So+do+主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 # T0 i3 X) M# e4 ?' n0 w* b
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果",乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果",英语可以说:
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A:I like apples. : G4 u0 |* t% \
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B:So do I.(= I like apples,too。)
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这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way,即同样、 也那样,作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
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0 W: E: q. h% O% h: Y/ }0 ^; B1."So+do+主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时,也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词(即操作词时), 可用此结构。例如: A:I like playing football. B:So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时,则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French.--So can I. I've got a new car.--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. / j1 N& A" D( x7 I6 P. M
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2."Neither/Nor + do + 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时,可用此结构。例如,甲方说I can't swim, 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳",英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I(=I can't either)。 & j/ X6 B- A. q# k* b+ |, }
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又例如: A:He doesn't speak French. B:Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构,有两点说明: # g* ^6 O; `9 Z) i5 b
, L/ f- p: R$ m n第一,能用动词缩略形式。例如: I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I.(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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第二,上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如: John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 5 p/ A0 g+ p" x& V
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3."So+主语+do"结构 在简短反应中,对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时,可用此结构,注意,这 里不用倒装同序;so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly,即"不错"、"对了"。例如: A:John smokes a lot. B: So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如: A:Look,it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里,So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining;and this surprises me. ) t7 y4 Y4 w+ E4 \1 _
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4."Nor+主语十do"结构
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如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时,可用此 结构(注:在这类结构中,neither少见)例如: Look! It isn't raining any more!
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---Nor it is! 2 n! L1 d1 o3 A4 S4 q! W
; K2 r' ?5 G" U# w- F) rThis cup hasn't got a handle!
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* |' u" m3 t; h& W) O---Nor it has!
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- K+ L% }; {3 Y# A: Z( W四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。 ; r4 b0 S- a* n# r4 Z
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Derothy: Look it's raining! ) X" P* e- w% [5 M/ ], m, E
# J6 J4 a3 l% L2 EDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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Dorothy:Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. 5 R$ Q# `' W, k# e
4 G7 F) e0 x. o2 c0 s! A/ s" VDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then. H" m: s9 v5 m, V* ~
7 d+ `/ W6 Z cDerothy: So we can. ; G4 b( [) z3 E; C* ?" m
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Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
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$ N B3 Z7 ^5 f0 LDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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0 F& e: X* o% i" o) E( ?Denald: Yes, let's. D0 O2 i Z! l2 Z; v d: V& l3 H. `
3 [/ q+ [9 }5 B, O- O$ O) R; E/ fDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock. * ^( P- S) B; k1 _2 Z, t' d
4 ^, P4 [# N% A7 q c, J g% LDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
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6 ?+ H5 q1 N8 m% K$ `Dorothy:So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. 3 I1 q. ?$ |/ l. J* C
: V; X& ~9 w' ^( lDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. 0 T* r( i u. L
; L3 l& M0 ]; kDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. ) `, U1 x2 e* o& f
1 l) ?$ W$ q9 f" U- n. wDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road? ! ?7 A3 ]% P3 K- _- |
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Dorothy: It's the postman.
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7 J; m" q# R n* d) V* w$ |: gDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet. 1 ~3 X: h+ w7 t5 u
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. . x* E* N* V& V3 ]$ I( j* U
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
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Dorothy: Nor do I! 0 P; z H7 q; f, S/ e- [
, v4 q# n+ B8 [/ y- T: NDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us! + a7 ^8 k( o/ R P* L T
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Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. % V* h W9 t' N* G2 I2 [ L+ E) e
; K6 c+ C; B/ Z! IDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. ; S2 L) U, v+ V0 T
- H! R, G5 [1 x, k) `# JDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! 2 C/ {3 O) I" h! {
/ Q& g L# Z8 @5 i# p8 LDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself! % N5 `% e5 `, @/ r. L1 j$ q
# z! {6 I; P+ D/ ]# ^3 sDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel. 7 B' `/ O8 h8 M: `
+ }% b8 r) B, IDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange. - \: y2 k, V! P0 ^+ ]
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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