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* u& U v# K) h# A1 Y- Phttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China6 t$ [' p h' `3 z; W! L6 I/ Z
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
, w3 h8 k) q* z; n% X0 P) B& ? gFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
$ R s/ s: B, q/ } U. h3 l: X. y: ^
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
- F# x* p6 F* Q2 O8 l0 rFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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$ O6 v7 H. v" E0 }( x/ B5 ESupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
( |% O1 L1 S$ w6 U3 rReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018( ^3 P! t1 F' Y" K9 M/ J& a
Published online 26 January 2018
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) @9 n1 i6 F) B6 V6 NAbstract
; N' Y6 x: U ]: N( c: h* c, @' @John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
( g% w1 h% Y: K9 t- ^6 @Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
2 B% E) s/ E" STranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been; H/ }0 B2 K. d: M+ Q
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
9 O. z- g9 G; l4 Fonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific# R, n: d' H2 }& x, M
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly5 L$ O5 z z& l& V1 b! X- v
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
3 h( A Q/ @ i; Itranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
4 s6 A, @/ X3 escientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
. S, |9 |9 b& W5 V3 gand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the- j' m5 w$ y& n; D& c+ v
standardization of the scientific terminology translation* D! Z' z S/ a5 a( [, [4 O6 N
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien z w* ?' x: {; `# W
he established had helped greatly with the popularization3 ]4 j0 I1 Y5 g
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
8 W3 j6 G) K% x/ ]4 {the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way- e7 \' b- k$ m. D
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
}4 M9 [, D O; P: pthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
" R U: L: b0 ~* D% R$ Pgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
$ |: M# [9 p6 A, i( \; N9 U* i/ }terminology.5 S3 O x6 `* ?7 W* ?; M6 h
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
5 r3 S. X# W$ B) y( j& h/ r, k* MStandardization of terminology translation
' v# \3 O( {: e. d* t: m+ i! jYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to5 A( U$ b: r4 J& Q. }# s
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
+ i) a7 R0 }0 w( W0 e/ i, LChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
/ F+ x( n s, \from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/ p* o8 F# L4 Q
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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7 ~. K8 K3 {6 b2 Y" j1 }INTRODUCTION
! n! _4 O- p0 p8 v$ x+ kJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
6 |- c5 j/ i* X! }a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
: F/ S' C6 I# DDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
- y) p7 Y' D4 B v& eHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of+ F1 O6 ^# `- h8 H, m5 f# x& ^: {
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
3 E% }6 {1 G. O% n- E7 j- @/ wby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as& i# Z0 r4 h7 j, Q! f; o0 C6 D3 z) [* A
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
" x# O; q* F) E8 ?7 X8 Hhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
" D* W. {7 ?7 j# v, Y# m* N1 U1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
9 ]: ?. s7 z2 O. Kworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
$ c, J: A8 A6 l) m# JFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.4 Q. L* l* c" i, j
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated( d. s: n6 c: N: h7 G" H! c8 s: [
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
: d6 Q; n' C3 @: T$ s+ Q* u$ dwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
7 x: \9 `0 d; ]+ B+ g- Lrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,5 D! r2 M7 B t. b0 W, A* S
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western" p6 Z! M" O6 F$ M! B! F- c2 T
books that made him the most productive one among the4 q% G: P0 g5 a: S. K
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
! j5 X2 s* M- A! g0 ~+ M6 K0 rtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
/ k& H/ c* l' f8 `& unoble work which could help accelerate the process of
/ j4 H" P8 I9 z" }2 E. upeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
6 r" z6 I; l, TIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
* j$ S9 n! ^% O: ~also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
+ A. q2 Y. L( d; \$ lscience and the standardization of translated scientific
# |; _) P: z3 |! ?3 X% [terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific% f, }7 \0 d1 Z: ?. b2 h8 `
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
+ J( R3 u7 S- ?9 j3 f% Kestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
" t" n' g4 u! ~7 a5 c- D6 ncontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
' o! |4 }8 X1 Gof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in* Q2 ~9 q& x# W* |( {& r
Modern China.
+ J+ N. V3 J3 U0 X5 Y* X D; cAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published7 l/ g. Y3 x, j
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of5 h, e; R( A1 j5 C6 |* }. r
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing, y* L7 y0 {+ W/ q, C" r) n- \
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
8 M8 h4 R- G# [. q# h' G5 j# ]' E) pJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
5 X3 P/ R' t1 JTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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