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) P7 p5 \: }5 a$ Dhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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3 D- @( t; g1 c/ O" n7 XJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
4 U+ j! F( `5 x' L, e1 T# AYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
, v( r0 h5 a0 o- V {0 PFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
; {1 c, n# H" A$ d3 y9 S, e; r8 F, z. Y% g0 T3 N0 n
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of& b. T8 o4 t' C- Y# P
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.6 Q7 ~* R5 Z% K
7 y. ~1 q+ E, s
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) ., ?0 I2 I- f0 @" U. b7 a
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
9 s: L/ U4 ~/ pPublished online 26 January 2018! k$ [ G6 t" ?: W2 u. b
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/ h1 X0 |1 ]. F- ]2 ]4 p2 | k) \Abstract* C: Y- W- [' ?; r
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
) }+ k+ S' p/ }1 c. MDynasty who came to China and was employed by The; t( Q. V3 \4 z& _, H
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been* S2 S" G* ~8 j) ^# A
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not) A' f8 J; W4 A
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
" m/ k2 e. T$ ]8 I1 _+ M" S$ qworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly4 y; E3 w% q8 C8 P
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
7 m' R) T7 j" ]; z1 y$ c" i% Itranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
2 _: J+ Y$ {* @8 B( Z4 Bscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
) v: g5 K) k# s- M1 e- z* mand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
; U6 H) s8 \! a0 l& tstandardization of the scientific terminology translation8 [- `/ ^: r# L- d! l: ]1 S: f) F
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien2 I; x2 ?2 @! F" k [
he established had helped greatly with the popularization$ y9 c" V8 I# Y/ b2 S% U
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring( {, A# z( `. O6 n. V( U+ [1 [" v
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
( V; T, _* I/ U" w0 z; S/ bfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and r3 H N+ ]- @$ w+ e C
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a' g8 h5 J; U8 P' s1 Z9 p+ Y
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
1 u- o n; `# w h* x/ W: b; c3 kterminology.
! V% o& m; ^$ n8 |/ U4 f a& j: DKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;& c9 G7 J( I. w+ Q+ m
Standardization of terminology translation7 |4 H; n; {6 Q; i' @, P0 P* |
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to) H/ D# ] V& r7 t, R/ O$ |
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern2 \, k& T! {6 q+ \; W" [
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
4 F/ l. R+ S& L8 Lfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213) T* r5 k7 v3 K, o6 o/ Y/ J6 z
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213: m$ N: P* L0 y6 m, [# o
t. p& E/ w; L& {; a/ T: `
/ o. t* r8 |0 I- z7 J& ~# F EINTRODUCTION- h: \7 P U7 K! r) R
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
6 [' }4 P u5 S; y# V2 Va great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
% N! z; _( ?6 a6 G+ Q$ pDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to7 \- ^) f2 _. e. t
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
' {1 Z- l2 \4 y9 kSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed9 P+ W# n+ d; t# X7 t
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as5 x1 ]) D2 @+ O' C9 E
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
8 p$ H1 \7 `+ S* i This job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-2 ]& F% X5 Z4 Z6 [( R
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
) O, F R# t2 _8 pworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
" L& r1 Z8 v7 s9 O' Q; Q2 NFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
& v |; j* r6 G' J& G; u pNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated! J. ` H. o/ _% C; |4 _6 r
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant9 A: `: d, ^* A0 _3 [0 g' H9 `
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
( | J$ i1 H' b/ \. f% s& srevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,- `! Q( M! O( W2 \& x( Y
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western' w6 O6 T- B1 U- s* u9 d3 G: L8 C+ e
books that made him the most productive one among the( ~7 \( t6 V" v8 m+ W' E, R* s
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,3 c9 ? C; b9 x& a+ q% x# C
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
) w5 V' A7 b0 D( Ynoble work which could help accelerate the process of) k) B9 F" l# n" Z; w2 U7 k
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).) H; a! [% B4 a: V+ n R: J" t
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
7 |( p* a- r% M) palso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western; r. |6 p8 S8 |3 m" X$ Z
science and the standardization of translated scientific
* t7 n2 R' a! F% w! vterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific% a( @& L! G; P* q, l
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the6 c8 [- {! _1 C" p) _ i; M( V% _
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
. H1 ^, Y3 R. d! O9 d* g, H4 p3 R0 `1 econtribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
8 u! E( B, _4 j3 r iof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in5 v+ y1 Z. ?+ j! b4 w1 T. [3 ^
Modern China.+ A9 u4 y" L! D' q+ G/ Y4 z( r1 R
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
, O2 H0 h( b# [. C7 VThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
( \9 c, A1 p1 q/ {- ]# vtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
j! z1 L$ h$ v. [6 I4 Fa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
8 ]6 r$ }1 G' \8 l6 A* [* R, s. Y9 T3 t% uJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and! L7 \) F- E; s' e% o
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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