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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688. u/ l. _: _) ?; y+ H) [
2 F) X4 m8 [, [3 {John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China9 h( n' ^7 ~" s7 Y3 l) l
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
/ v, C' J, {5 i( EFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
; D" P6 D- u* n$ j9 s3 L" Q+ I) O
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of2 w9 X* v& c: c# m
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China. O' o; T Y8 E' A, P3 L/ t
( {0 h- v( M1 }* C/ M
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .3 i3 n0 p& g- p0 e( f+ i
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
8 z$ i& o$ o* |! o. ^ ?Published online 26 January 20186 F# g. D: b8 ~* k
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$ W, R$ @. a4 A: `8 kAbstract
( s7 d- ^1 Z9 e7 x$ g0 T! ]John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing' ?, A) n+ Q. U/ o; n
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The! F' ~% H0 H2 z3 b
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been2 V8 O U) }& p, W
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not2 p% H5 C z: X
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific! }3 {+ n$ s9 M' K" F3 w
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly" ?" N8 G( g1 t- ?
to the standardization of the scientific terminology2 a& G, P1 W8 D1 h4 M
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s, z. o: `9 K% r/ q" i/ g/ p
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
+ D/ Z& {5 ]* T# R6 c0 X0 Pand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the4 ]2 V* z# n; |$ L1 ~
standardization of the scientific terminology translation2 f0 j) T6 d7 _% o$ J. \
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien$ h9 h5 g& W! `# R
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
# @7 x" E2 q+ p9 h- q: d9 H. i( `of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
& O4 t- q) e) [1 C9 F5 R( xthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
( K6 ]1 J, \% g8 D9 d/ Ffor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
# M8 Y- N$ g g. Fthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a6 y' w* O" L, N9 F2 ~2 Q
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific2 y% x2 |* } M. z+ a
terminology.3 t2 S$ @8 Q: w0 m1 {( v! Y
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
" L. O( r: G0 `Standardization of terminology translation
4 t2 ? U- t" t$ kYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
4 m9 Z7 {8 Y+ x, i7 ~3 K9 W/ u, Z, c0 MStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
- k3 V7 A& s5 r- S% S. xChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available) P0 L6 w2 b3 k( U- {
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213% T7 D) a/ g3 U4 D
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102137 I) |. }" m' H% T/ M
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! b. ~1 H$ O) vINTRODUCTION
( q: _( [* c& L4 g, n/ xJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and( \; J1 j. |8 N3 w j
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
4 [: G8 i6 ]5 @% }Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
6 c N* I8 i% q, rHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
6 Q4 j [# ?5 ?% OSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
7 }; s( _4 x5 |/ w( y/ R5 tby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as, Q0 E; F; E+ W, L( l
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on; l$ h! ]+ L9 l: V# N5 O" ?
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-( u5 D, W+ H! S$ i9 h8 {
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific/ s) X4 z) }7 O) l: D1 G/ C3 \
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner," {% Y. k/ g f2 z. |9 E/ j/ {8 }7 i- r
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
6 J% o+ }4 X" W( f! O$ D5 lNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
& e H+ ]) z! V A( mto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
/ P |: ~5 E$ K$ Hwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
" W+ S/ C+ ~! `+ G7 O1 Y9 A- \3 Mrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
* `! _1 R' V- A* R: oFryer translated more than one hundred of Western! h" x, w/ a# ^$ Y; D, L3 H/ F, j8 S& F
books that made him the most productive one among the
0 h' a& ~& F( |5 I3 Tforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
8 x2 X* M2 M$ xtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
% s/ l+ B9 N. J' |1 E7 X4 R& Snoble work which could help accelerate the process of
% e% C9 t: j9 |( y2 [6 N4 h1 fpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
K4 Y! h4 ^' ?' p% tIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
8 N1 a( B; ]5 k3 y0 xalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
1 D; n, U3 ^5 m- Mscience and the standardization of translated scientific* ~! A( Y, z& \; X/ \7 t
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
' u, D) s& A9 ~# E ~* |magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the/ b$ A2 b5 _% ?
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
0 |- P0 {4 g3 Y. g9 w* }contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
U8 s) Q7 \0 X3 v3 X; l" xof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in3 t" e7 G4 n+ L+ M3 |
Modern China.
) V, h9 K" s& |An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published0 ]6 j k4 d" J% Z/ {+ m3 @; s
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
e9 O2 |# n K5 k, A$ M& r3 }6 `* jtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
1 ~. x Q, C( Y6 p( ma lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
6 J, e1 A) d5 q" J2 W; D6 SJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
6 t1 P$ ^9 l9 a* ?8 I( [Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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