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% ~- i1 W5 D5 z4 rhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
7 x: s# m6 }' m( eYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of9 e8 D0 Z$ k8 t. q& A' k
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China. x8 |6 F6 L3 _! @6 j
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of% g2 E3 |. A# \7 N
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .$ I* X. U- C1 E' H: J4 e
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
6 D; X+ g( }! OPublished online 26 January 2018
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' L% u5 T- W) c- _Abstract, |5 c O* M8 |" |1 S' k6 i8 B
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing( U/ \6 h$ B) m4 `
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
* L' _& D5 U t6 [! M OTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been* c7 Q0 b7 z6 m
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not& _5 d7 w( g& c- F/ I
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
. F* A2 ]! Z: A/ H! G% P& a1 Dworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly- B& |$ J+ a) [# i$ F- h8 q7 T
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
9 ]1 W* O' h# _( j" ]translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s0 t5 f1 a3 v1 ~: R
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
$ l G, B* n/ k. v7 w% Aand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the9 c$ Z M6 O; }+ }: a
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
( L1 G2 H; r6 i, E" i) Hin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
, s# c) U! y3 S' m" m! X1 Zhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
3 B1 {+ O! t, g, ?0 N: Xof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
6 f, u+ }* M) u2 Qthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
' m9 ]9 z q/ c1 d vfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
4 c' J8 z: O9 D. x' [that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a, i, V& Z2 s1 R; v0 K
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific- X [' ~ e" x) q
terminology.
[4 k& F; r* A& UKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
4 T5 n0 ?6 I. _/ |2 dStandardization of terminology translation2 b4 w8 D0 L; S: ~9 s$ n
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
+ r, q* ^% K: X4 @) h |Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern: H) m3 |8 e7 c2 i0 p4 Z
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available! O1 v) C! N( L, `7 U) Y5 o6 X; @5 X
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213: \! c6 G' |5 i/ O% m2 \1 Y: k
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
- {/ K9 N8 B: g) GJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and i0 n+ J6 Q+ C* B" f
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).2 ]0 K2 @. ?% b1 q! o6 s
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
0 B. H9 N% X! w- AHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
+ x3 V$ |1 ?! _" vSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
6 n7 b I3 X% H, l7 b Qby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
0 A# r4 r- o5 j) P& z$ V7 van editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on" U. z! W: ^: ^8 Y0 Z) y% L
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818- m. o- b, r4 h- t' C
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
! V' S9 `( e0 [8 w6 z( bworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
, e$ ~$ C: i) b% }+ s$ xFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
( V* L+ r c& lNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
5 m% `0 e. m8 F/ j) M9 k, xto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
) x6 B8 }2 \6 F2 T/ awould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
/ x7 o, {7 n" Q9 l/ r1 l% I, Previse the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,2 a2 l1 _9 f9 m& K. V9 H
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western# Q9 U' V6 Z/ l% S9 p, S
books that made him the most productive one among the q* i4 T/ K# M8 a
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,! j* E5 T# c& |* E# l. R4 _! _
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
5 D) s [; c2 [noble work which could help accelerate the process of& Y0 R, L: h5 L F( u" c+ w
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
& t1 Y: ]/ Y" Y7 VIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer. i+ t! J" L5 q& i
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western) f6 A6 V# t' i- A
science and the standardization of translated scientific0 B9 `- ]4 g, k
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific2 s$ _6 V- Z) ?8 @& Q/ N I, K7 G
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
+ C! h# v/ p3 x$ z- |0 {5 B& Eestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
$ y: Q7 X: g# X4 D: r/ x- l$ B. Ycontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
7 Z! J2 I9 u1 x: l8 r. zof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in7 \6 U8 Y1 x" }
Modern China.3 l9 @' o2 q# v: | X `
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
P: ^4 L4 f$ ?& r: GThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
! @* q; P: q/ D9 Y& htravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing0 r; r) r& x" \7 P; R- a9 c/ z5 x
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In' ]! S6 C+ q, n+ j F# C. A
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
$ B3 \, z+ B9 M3 KTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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