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How to figure a home's fundamental value
, \( G; k7 ?7 G" F" _+ k% iLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.( G1 `9 ^# x% p0 w; }" n! L! [
$ v( L+ o- i$ K0 F0 T! W, i% b, `Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.3 `% O5 C' U% Y( U8 q
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:0 ?3 H' C% c$ ~! x$ r
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.0 H1 I% W# a9 Z, N" V1 n$ o
3 I# w2 _% L! s- a j1 i: GSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
, l; F* B1 I) z$ USan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.2 M9 k1 X7 J/ C T
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.) N8 m. O+ Y8 F- N& n- n. B7 j
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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9 Q* q+ a V0 E& pIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.' u' X) R6 h" {% p& F" H C
1 H$ K5 k* {! z" b7 ?If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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% L: N2 n8 q% D! ~! N, [( b Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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( |' F# `9 b" |* e5 lBoston 20.5 30.2
4 y/ A+ G+ s/ f9 O5 {1 r# _/ OSan Diego 22.8 29.7
$ j4 z$ i6 k8 u3 [! A1 d9 ~: ?/ kSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 ; U. _; @" P( N Z
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
3 _" J8 h9 T5 G- x p7 {' |9 `Seattle 20.4 25 ! r& b* C4 O& y0 z8 a9 K* b: X6 X+ f
Denver 17.7 23.7 3 D6 F/ a& r1 e
New York 21.2 22.5
5 z. M. @8 P' e) s$ SChicago 17.2 20.8
d9 L# { E; Y! G7 ~Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 $ L% K3 k0 Y- y j
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& V, m2 x _7 Y1 ?! E3 S1 C( v7 iIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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