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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
$ f: ~7 r' j/ T% H. t3 {之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。/ {6 T4 g8 G7 @, V/ ^
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:3 [, E1 m2 s& p# Y. ?, Q
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
( m1 u- F: G9 c(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
3 N8 K( P! t$ x4 J* [( N例如:0 b7 m4 D9 m% y% }' s3 r/ e
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
- g0 C. q: I* J# m' L: X4 d- s9 R1 M(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
1 N' A6 f# M; R2 ?, p7 zMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.( H% U K$ ?/ a+ {6 i; W P
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)9 u+ P4 D% H- M+ [
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
" M7 U- ^1 Y" y/ M8 aThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
B1 G( E [' A. R/ }7 t(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
/ C/ x. `! p9 h- M6 r3 ^" ?8 |( H(2) fair-haired boy:4 X/ b6 p$ c7 l% F2 U2 H
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
* x; g2 b5 F# v- }/ G(通常用单数,当名词用)$ g8 o4 W) O% ~" i. M) H7 C
例如:
9 J/ S1 P# Y9 H4 S/ b# i% mMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
$ Q$ Z6 \& l& H9 A( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)" d3 h0 Q" l/ f. m! G$ A
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
( Y, r& D# R9 J' [! n(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)! K' j% k8 J% f- y
有时也可用复数:% T' d& _" }% _# O% Q
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
/ E- s6 B) p1 c( b(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)$ B6 D) ~; r/ y$ m/ Y
Fair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses." G$ j, C3 g0 y4 i2 b$ t& h& p; z
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
! O: @& z& o. X6 @4 M' w(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
2 I& i3 Y- k: t4 f# x: Z(3) fishing expedition:5 \! t' ]% n# i. j+ Y: q' }/ N& {
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information): o0 K- A8 P A9 ?/ k! Y
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)8 g( w6 J" D5 u* E8 U
例如:2 `, B" m; {, L( o+ Z! v8 r
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
" z" d9 ?% T, e+ V s6 c(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)1 D% ^% U l1 B6 Y* v2 K
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case." B7 r5 P+ n) C8 `
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)* `0 \( i7 j' c3 P7 U
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
; a1 s5 {9 }, X6 U+ ]- C r ?The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
% t6 L8 m: s& e8 v5 ] `- d(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)) c$ V# h1 g, \: k+ A. l
偶尔也有人用复数:9 u! o$ y7 c* j
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office." D+ p0 M5 q4 h) x1 v( o' L
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。) G( Z" W2 G3 n _" h
(4) filthy rich:( L' V9 I' q7 E" J4 a
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
3 J" i5 J5 s! I, |* N, u) h6 @(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
- ^+ y9 D/ r) I/ q u多半当形容词用。例如:
0 l2 z8 Q; ?+ Z' D5 i2 R8 K; eWith a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.0 h0 J8 Z8 k- P) L! V
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)$ E& p5 P+ G) \! ]. s6 r/ k
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
; p4 O6 H0 D; b+ [" m(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)7 J8 g, w' s7 U# X" o& T
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others. Q z5 [/ v% }- O8 ~
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
" L+ w: R* A& V. F6 b7 t4 LFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
, o- H4 V3 ^3 Y% _, y6 n2 g4 `8 m(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)- v/ J3 j" A/ r4 ?
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法), ^. u! f2 u8 s6 n: b/ D
(5) fairy godmother:
7 T M" `: U6 n指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)% Q+ `* e; e# _% n7 M) P
(多半指有钱的女人)4 A+ c3 v5 ]; l) B, p
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
# A. h, c a9 g2 M9 ^Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.6 l, R& Q: W# L- y
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
* @; P+ u9 l( q" }. R) P; QAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.. s& [8 a' X( w( D; W4 n
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
9 p4 u! n' q: x9 D; O2 b4 N, j. U有时也用复数:
: a O) o( S6 a( S) COnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.5 [* F3 \+ C; X! C( s2 d8 L
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)+ X0 N% G4 H# g
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.: C. ~2 m. O/ K# \5 y
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener:
3 ^: Z- O; s4 m4 m0 J指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
0 u/ E2 Y( `3 ^% m/ s, c/ v& {(当名词用;通常只用单数). q3 f+ U F, ?+ b! f/ P
例如:6 w }7 F( ^9 t+ T: Y8 U0 [
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
; g" y. A$ t" P9 p( G7 M1 J(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
) Z# b0 }2 F' s5 Q, ~' q/ kMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
5 a1 `5 o; O' s4 z+ T(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
( j$ n X3 a5 l& H# c: C% \/ K- ?The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.) s5 K# n* G' R( T6 p N+ s& ?% o
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
9 g& a, ?8 i) \+ }! s# C, DSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.3 m; H: Y. I' {! r9 O' D1 o
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)! Z( Q6 a8 ~4 V1 {! P2 ^3 \' E
(7) hot dog:
- K, g- J4 w4 K& n指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
. Z0 ?; U4 v" {# j* E4 ~9 G4 N例如:
! a: }8 ^( m' e% ~* H' aSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time." k' D0 e+ p) v
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)- N. x% ]. L3 D: ]: E% u0 ~
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
6 B5 `" i9 Z+ Q7 N; {) lIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
Y0 ?. l/ O( Y' }$ I8 c0 h1 k+ M(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
* x# G0 u; S8 M" ~ I" |5 u& G(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
) o {& E9 E. EDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
' p8 B& {8 l$ Z(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)$ ~ s6 n- l8 G9 j% |- d
也指真正的热狗食物:( H7 W) e7 e5 _# y3 v3 A
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.% A* o& Z% y/ I+ B+ F
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)) T/ ]: v; z3 w
也可表达欣赏的心情:
) R3 o7 \1 L0 b- KHot dog ! What great news for me.
4 S G, {9 F+ f* q6 N(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)* o( g% ]; ~+ z/ U* }
(8)eager beaver:) u! M7 M: [1 l+ ^6 Y# N% o- `7 g
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
" ?7 R! Y0 ^- r(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)5 W$ R9 Q4 z& W( F& Q7 Y) k" x) ?
(当名词用,可指男女)- a6 h6 y1 E. J: j. Z( o% I
例如:$ @# p* @, \$ d$ D, U
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
. c; {3 V4 O& }; C' |0 Z(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
3 t5 i; t4 q; m& C$ T$ hBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
* \8 L8 o1 k' @) G' o0 ]6 E, n4 v(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)9 s! M i% X& N
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
6 o9 S: y5 j7 ^1 E(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
4 G+ d I! l7 bYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
- j) R1 D2 [3 A8 t9 X$ P" G(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
% R9 c5 v* v% z$ z1 o(9)doubting Thomas:: P3 Z2 ]/ }4 `2 g2 y# R1 \ s4 R
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)# ~1 A, T1 R7 @. J% q
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
$ \- F( g8 k# R5 g(当名词用)5 \2 t! I! X! u) p% q, h* p
例如:8 s9 U* s; V- \: ]: M/ Z! V& q
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.7 I( ?3 { N& z. d' S
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
6 ]' Z9 m8 }# t) i9 p% f+ W, `There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
7 t5 r, y. X! R8 |3 z(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)' S' k+ n: N7 J2 K) H; I
也可用复数:
1 a9 x, y6 j# V1 ]8 `My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
( y- L( d1 |- G(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
& ]: u- |! B! j) }0 VIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
7 V" X, E2 \* Y# O" X M5 c* v(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)2 J+ c: j( K( @4 c A
(10)dragon lady:
8 N/ r1 o3 \/ ]% w( P指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
9 l* h% z- K! v4 Y例如:" N0 m; Z4 c4 ]$ M8 Y4 |( G/ ?
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
+ ?1 j0 {& C- C( \2 U6 _: w(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)6 Y& A( N1 I9 C7 H2 s# u5 _
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.* X9 G" | y _1 p2 l% A/ A1 D
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
z" f1 X2 ]) V" u( C- R3 ?Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?6 I G0 N: e6 I1 l8 m
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
' i( a- T5 E6 e$ f也可用复数:0 X7 @* s8 c- |( k9 S/ w4 k% d
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.1 { [4 ]- x8 }4 ]" h9 I, \2 V
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
. v+ E. F: }9 m注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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