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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 : c; O' ? T, ]* p, W
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?' z* k3 [7 g2 X) n @
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
/ _) _: o- L! ~4 g4 ^9 \Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
5 d3 q0 r* I V* [5 P( ?The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
- U/ J' H/ v+ I- i& G( A7 h) N+ PCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
# \% n' X7 x; ?7 t' m8 xThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.4 T; F! D' R' S
The country codes used are :7 U5 }- f% n. ^. r6 A3 J: _
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CODE \COUNTRY1 S- d. \& @2 h) f, S7 f% r, g
00-13 USA & Canada3 y$ _8 k- D, x% P8 I. N9 ?6 ?; f" N
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)4 H: f' D) O2 u* T3 ?* N6 R
30-37 France
$ n- g* u b. u z6 }380 Bulgaria$ r5 c' h7 j. v; L0 E$ x1 E5 C
383 Slovenia* K1 S3 B0 a1 Q# k; ]1 O
385 Croatia O6 Z7 x7 k3 L0 M' p+ J& H
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina: Q$ X" {6 Z* x
400-440 Germany) f: i5 ~! U9 S; q) p
45 Japan3 V: |/ M% [9 `! B: G# S
46 Russian Federation2 t0 r2 W x2 b) u
471 Taiwan4 d- P/ E$ V* L) K
474 Estonia
8 P4 t# ?/ ~; [; |1 s! L9 ?* S3 q6 K475 Latvia
" f& G8 Y& k- Q- Y476 Azerbaijan$ w/ K; e4 j; u2 V
477 Lithuania
! R/ G* U7 V+ p' B b& I478 Uzbekistan
7 U% H2 C; Z# z$ [+ c479 Sri Lanka5 f6 `5 C# F, k! M/ u6 T' H
480 Philippines, f2 F+ r% t) o$ ^( Q
481 Belarus
- S8 {. w7 y; F J+ E482 Ukraine
% |9 Y; c; D+ B484 Moldova
$ I% i6 G/ ^9 i) f7 E4 @* `: I485 Armenia
) u$ c5 R; u1 l* @& D1 d486 Georgia
5 b) Y# F, E! C6 y, g1 I487 Kazakhstan
6 u O! \8 T8 t0 i- A489 Hong Kong
* w: Y' I* p: E1 L& U A49 Japan
5 p8 u' S& w5 O" O! d! ?, Y50 UK! s1 I! d+ h u& `' V. X
520 Greece
2 l! _3 G' c# m# y( x/ a& D528 Lebanon P" C& A4 Z+ _8 Z
529 Cyprus* \. I5 b4 ]" B- Q& A
531 Macedonia) u9 N" L. F) z# o( b- A- @& A; t
535 Malta
% [; q; E! m+ C539 Ireland# j8 r/ g3 v: l7 n" h, Y! K
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
& ?/ d# E5 l9 g5 g) J560 Portugal
+ w- m8 U# k5 F/ \, P569 Iceland7 i( Z" n! |% X! ]+ F2 C0 p' F
57 Denmark
" |- |/ |. z- Z! G590 Poland
& H. N5 Z# u' a/ I9 ^594 Romania
. H( [. y6 N# H3 }8 F7 {8 N% @' Z599 Hungary
# o( j: g# P# F% a) I0 p# ^( k600-601 South Africa- E- X% S. X: D5 z
609 Mauritius7 p# f0 T3 g2 I1 d0 A
611 Morocco
& @' l' Q! W7 v613 Algeria5 S6 s. _8 l; c* y' r& I( @; w) n
619 Tunisia' V$ U3 R# s/ s5 \
621 Syria. W; ~7 W# u! }. y+ X
622 Egypt
$ p/ V. X4 z% Q( f0 q624 Libya2 B$ Z' F$ L9 o' ^( Y7 l
625 Jordan; Z* F; z$ D0 q" A# E
626 Iran0 u1 I$ m; q4 h9 g% o ^
627 Kuwait
$ S8 z" [9 p) M+ R9 [628 Saudi Arabia& c* M4 K3 ^: o8 {) a
629 United Arab Emirates& |, C' ` a: z* E# n
64 Finland
. _; L8 U) N% K5 O; \% o690-692 China8 ?: D/ {! K9 n2 {
70 Norway5 d! Z5 }, \% R! _
729 Israel2 ?# V* b7 B0 d8 p5 K z- d
73 Sweden
3 V( [" R" b' s# O740 Guatemala. L0 _" W4 T. U6 I4 Y+ j+ j6 }& W7 g
741 El Salvador
, a0 ?* ]9 r" a" ]. c+ w. ^742 Honduras
, D% h9 s2 W1 W& }6 A: i' A743 Nicaragua
/ c$ J! p7 P4 W1 E+ } `9 A744 Costa Rica0 _4 L' G c, z# `% f4 W
745 Panama" \. ]& |# v& d3 u. P' _3 B
746 Dominican Republic
/ g/ Q" [4 J$ u$ \1 R/ n& P750 Mexico& x. X' n0 O5 w& @
759 Venezuela
4 j% a; U! _) M5 |1 u& X76 Switzerland- ^* v( X1 L8 w) K4 Y* L
770 Colombia$ v3 ~! ?2 m# V/ m8 v5 l& h
773 Uruguay
8 A/ c; P- n5 Y3 A3 R: P* m775 Peru
( U; Q8 q. G4 f( b777 Bolivia# p5 g* T$ `( n. ?8 X
779 Argentina* }8 S; G) B3 @; e" b# P, l& h
780 Chile; ~6 F$ o! C! G/ ^
784 Paraguay
5 ]9 x7 O- |2 O+ r6 _9 |6 g6 v785 Peru6 {. u$ `( `8 C. ~+ e* E) l6 } h
786 Ecuador0 d/ b) G6 K$ H% @& Y
789 Brazil' v$ ` L. x: M' x+ N' f2 T i% O
80-83 Italy; ^# E8 y' Y$ J3 j6 @
84 Spain3 |% i/ f1 ?4 Q: \" j1 w9 G7 ^9 }" o
850 Cuba' h' B# x+ _5 N- W, C7 F9 K/ t# U! s
858 Slovakia' f" R* N8 {( d2 r
859 Czech Republic
% U5 V1 M0 O2 c7 v1 n% \+ K860 Serbia & Montenegro5 r1 j1 ^ Z& d( P
869 Turkey
; H6 {( c9 V& p& j# u87 Netherlands+ ]1 r; U( B# o
880 South Korea
* Z, [0 T, ?% r1 Q" R9 h885 Thailand
* w' O' a" y2 }/ @* X888 Singapore
, c! Y1 @( y3 m. c$ m! \2 M890 India, E/ W5 [% k+ t( A, H s
893 Vietnam
/ G# V2 h8 r6 o7 O# {899 Indonesia: ^! q( ~5 n/ u4 x+ R
90 -91 Austria
* J! K' M" u- [+ j. f! W! g- g* S93 Australia" W; S3 t6 G4 h
94 New Zealand& o# z7 ?4 X) q w4 S
955 Malaysia" r- P4 { E: U* Q
958 Macau
6 v" O/ ]. o+ S+ h, ?977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
' m" \& i2 I4 M8 S2 ]; F. t* ^978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)- e0 b! a# }! Q- o# N1 u
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm9 V% q) @. J4 a) x0 ]
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