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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! . z; Q2 x+ I$ R5 t
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一、厕所
+ p9 k5 }: }, e4 ^& F" L 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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4 N4 [$ o1 Y7 c) @ t; p 二、解小便
" z4 A. m5 ^$ `+ W& w/ J 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: $ K5 B4 c* q# Q3 z! o
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
0 y, A3 Z) m! V! i4 P Do you have trouble urinating? 0 }2 } n1 c. y6 _0 i1 z
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) $ N. ~7 p' f. x C# W4 q
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此外,还有其他的说法: 6 }9 U* f2 O0 D; `* \
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
) H! `/ Z1 u @ * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
; l8 [/ E$ O; S6 Y5 i6 L * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: $ A; J" i( z& Z6 K( p
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
% |; K2 H- l$ j 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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3 Z, c8 U! w! F! z+ K: x& O9 y * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
/ W' w! |: h% E 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
; b/ j [+ d' ~4 u; a9 F; @1 n 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: . v5 A p% k2 ~' K
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
2 k; q5 m6 @3 N; j * Do I need a urine test? " k. U R: ]. ~% _% z6 I0 O" y
" @% e# }; }) }& Q; v 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ( l% j/ o- t( \; g
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. : m9 r$ T" V# d0 L Q* E4 q
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
4 |) _! M: f3 C8 e; x * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
, e7 Q) [3 I% I* W. C: j6 W0 e( Q" K J * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 7 f* I$ y! I9 w" L; M) Y
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
7 q$ x: z, m& H2 P" [" z$ j * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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, V! Q* R% y5 E/ g: Q# ~1 A5 u 三、解大便 j3 n3 \2 i9 X2 |, I0 G
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
9 _* v. k, `" A" M: N6 y to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
" u6 n. V4 b) c) S0 w =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
6 E* f$ s% N3 I5 d * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ) x0 I8 A+ L& |0 {' @8 M, q, `
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: : d& z( A$ S7 L
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 9 \ O5 J/ k' b# Q
/ O( b: }$ W. J- d 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: - W; w6 ]' I l
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) , j: |1 q+ { E+ J% m8 o
6 ~7 c8 e# _8 e) \; U 四、放屁
J3 P$ N, s( a6 J8 S/ ` 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
- x, I1 u9 x- R5 {3 [ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
$ J( ~" P R% M7 I/ T5 N3 g8 ` 你放屁的次数很多吗? / S4 j$ f6 x' m- T9 i9 o4 b
* Is the gas expelled by belching? - j: d8 h- z& k& C* G! G
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
3 P/ J2 z! ^2 L+ G3 ?8 T1 V, l" U * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
( N: j4 ~- _* }" |3 l, N& [ 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
, R5 D$ Y0 p* ~. n5 C- R3 A8 f/ B * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. m, D4 q) S8 v
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
5 |! W5 n" p" k; m! I) B0 S2 v$ I2 c * Be careful not to fart in the public.
- ?1 _* n/ C; M+ o! d( s! a& d 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 , T, A% k( k1 p8 Q1 K
8 T5 g% M5 q) L$ \ 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: # N- m+ M' _3 p4 M0 b) L, ?
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
' j4 [) j; {; d7 N. C* k = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
9 q7 @9 M: @0 o R" g9 @6 Q 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) # ?; ]/ C- q" p1 \
; C7 \, N$ y! m0 Y9 B6 Z2 G * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
- h' m9 J! M% {1 L 胃不舒服有两星期了。) h- Z+ t. ~1 |! P
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
' K; Y, |0 Y! a5 z1 q 他经常便秘。) 或 ( p8 D$ f7 Q7 c1 \
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 6 p# n' q2 x3 i
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 + k7 k5 ?: g% r. }# o% t
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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) E$ G" x$ z2 B, n& R6 E' @ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
& Y! H. z8 @% ~: l 他拉了一阵肚子。
) |! v; \0 ]8 L0 k1 R* q9 M- w * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
; ]; x$ v5 C, H 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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