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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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- }# q n! O# f4 C2 t 一、厕所 ! |. `' r$ C& f U# Q/ @9 b
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 - R4 t* j- \" H6 U; `8 o) S
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二、解小便 . J% G0 u8 c, V
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ! S, p% |9 Z4 y) q# l: s" s
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? , U- A. g3 K: M* u2 G0 h
( k& y& ^) I! q! y; h5 r- I 医生或许也会问:
' ~! b% t; s( d6 n% E2 \8 N2 I8 j5 ~ Do you have trouble urinating? . F; q: M: v- }7 D
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) & [0 W; { F3 E6 B4 U, E
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此外,还有其他的说法: _4 a8 d# }0 B3 e5 f( j
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
( B, x% t7 g; J c* d( G4 H' n * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 9 t/ o" z; v1 T& c- {+ x: [2 R
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) / p9 f' ^9 j `' f! Z* o2 [
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: " b0 j3 o' g6 y. k7 m7 I
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
- c0 y6 R& ?% H. K 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 # Q. s" U3 }! D3 u1 j
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ! a' S! L+ f, D9 z! x# @# ]
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 5 n# a8 [4 D% }- Y/ a
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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7 e% x1 ?) m S5 h3 M4 j1 z& W 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 4 `/ h7 ^( e8 Q3 `/ I! R6 h+ ]
* The boy needs to pee.
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8 t, N& I& |. _( q" |/ V 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: # e$ v* { [! |3 e- ]( H, H
* Do I need a urine test? # t/ ]. N O" v p, W% Y
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
9 K3 Q) Q$ W8 Y * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. A: c! F4 l i: d$ ~1 x' W* V
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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- t( L) E* Y- K3 [3 f; {4 y' D 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
$ C0 M4 V( F. f4 e) S. ]' B * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
$ s& y) p) \% B# w. y, A * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
1 U$ V3 a/ ~$ A5 d* @ * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
E4 b, U# `% m! G6 J * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 9 K% O2 I' W5 u3 a
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 4 S5 P1 Z0 g7 H* W {8 t
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 0 @: Q9 B6 o# F. l
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ! y% @1 Y5 _! R) ?/ {
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) . G! M5 q. ^: g/ D
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 3 C6 p( X1 C# i3 [
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) $ E7 ?( w7 J2 \. q! E
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
7 S ]$ l' j9 J l4 b * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
( l# d# l, L5 J% D$ z1 c 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
& ?7 r: A/ @8 H/ z3 F How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? * _/ u( B5 B2 h6 t0 J) N8 {7 I
你放屁的次数很多吗? : I0 J* E8 G2 V8 P; }
* Is the gas expelled by belching? . X+ U, h3 I0 z( V' u
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
/ V: u7 g+ T- Y3 }5 u$ A" ^ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
3 @ N, S4 R( ~1 }; I 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
- o& T; h1 A' U0 p5 _1 [; R1 S * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 1 [7 c; z% F2 g) z9 j K% N2 v' M
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ( \1 r: [: T' d9 T/ V; ^: d0 ^
* Be careful not to fart in the public. % z- r4 o- h% E
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ' N6 D9 a2 W* ~' x0 r
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
' r, X, d4 J8 Q1 t; } = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
+ G* \0 _. Q; X- ^+ C2 f 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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! P+ \7 A) q' G R * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
( _7 ?" e' @" j' @9 q 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 9 b8 t5 [# I, q8 r ~) `! L
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: y! z1 a& [0 _ 他经常便秘。) 或
% }1 t D" N, \# n% F * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
/ W- v; X* j( W) n- g% p/ J* ^ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
0 K4 Q$ u3 Y3 P' y6 ]. P * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. * p% f4 H0 r0 o( Z. b" k! J
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
# l2 y5 U$ \6 A2 N- l3 x% f 他拉了一阵肚子。
& r" k% {' v G- n * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) # V* P8 K' d2 j3 w2 j/ `( {" [
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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