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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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- u4 @/ A' N8 [' d 一、厕所 $ [% R7 f7 t% ~5 F1 I, r6 L" @
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 7 F4 s' _! v9 p1 q* [- {: k
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二、解小便 $ D6 O0 z' c9 m, e' J2 M
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
7 i2 a1 _* G( K2 |$ l6 i2 ? Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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+ G0 v! l t1 B) x2 H 医生或许也会问:
1 {1 r- u) c) f5 g- | Do you have trouble urinating?
2 D; P3 I: M7 X6 |, N Z3 u2 H =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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: @5 b6 ]* Z6 M! f5 |" }. c& B 此外,还有其他的说法:
L* Y- D+ m8 ^% ~1 j) z to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
+ z0 ?9 x4 x! ~* [1 C! S5 T: J/ d/ O * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 1 h/ d: N4 }2 l F
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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3 H6 q \5 T+ A4 b3 q 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
5 z: ~2 ~. c2 i& z4 h * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ; h* l+ q( `" `3 {: n
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 3 \7 m- [8 C& ^5 f8 M( `$ _
/ \. f0 M. F& s * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
9 z# f2 ~2 A3 z) `; o h 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
1 m+ z* |) m+ s: Z8 b 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 # A+ {, A& V* C2 b/ Y( L& `" I
' u! o& b" M0 R2 A 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 7 h# S5 G" |' e2 A9 o& I7 w4 A @
* The boy needs to pee.
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, q& r: }# n/ T3 D 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
" z% P/ H6 Y( W) K4 J * Do I need a urine test?
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: c! e+ n( T+ Z/ A0 A8 [ 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: % ^' L' A& [, W. O3 B& [+ S( u) W
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 3 }; b4 Y% i2 V$ |/ ~
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ( h& m6 S& Y, J, p# e* p( O
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
U3 [3 d s5 R* ~$ j% R0 l& e( B& p * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) : H) H4 R3 ~5 g& T
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 2 y" _, ` ?4 `5 e! E
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) + ^" E1 M& A2 a
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 . r1 B5 V S+ F& f$ c% K4 V% C' `) A
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 4 Y$ E& k; S. U _0 a2 x( M0 |
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
: a+ C6 Q k( T =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
; H& D. Z2 l! d1 D * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) * H$ i N0 Y; F5 U
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: * X% x# o! a( V7 K
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 9 J. U+ H b o8 Q5 T2 ]
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
: a N" R% {' n3 [ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 9 Q; O' z& c! i
+ b$ E. i w8 {% ]9 ] 四、放屁
/ a7 K& s- s/ `, K 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
5 j- |4 _. Z' Q8 y5 ^) r6 S How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? + R. L g7 ]( e
你放屁的次数很多吗?
0 ] k U+ A: ~. |' }$ a8 v * Is the gas expelled by belching? $ D, b) I$ h: f ]4 [' X
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) & ^. o' t/ \# |
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. + l8 @0 K; N9 k0 Y
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 3 \0 X5 G, W( ?& C- V
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
. l* i# M4 F5 ]: B- c" s 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
4 U, _* t5 ~, l, }1 b: r: V; _ * Be careful not to fart in the public. + s6 G3 D7 {4 a
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 9 u ]' F' W. S, [2 G
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 5 O. w4 d% x/ Q4 P$ a& b$ d$ x" m8 X; j t
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) & H/ Z' y3 o# ^$ ?( K# n
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 2 P8 r* i$ w2 m
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ! h3 q9 l) C6 m7 w) ^: Z
! Y9 H$ E. v# e. S! l5 ` * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
$ i4 r6 ^4 D# r/ o7 M( \/ J4 P 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
* u1 ?! ]& P: M * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) $ p! O, k3 l% [. n% N6 Q, `9 j
他经常便秘。) 或 ( \$ j4 Q3 u" l5 f' |! `) l
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& L* `( M: M& A * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ) }0 p6 z i6 [9 y/ m
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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1 m4 c) G: }# ^/ o- t: w& h7 Z, e * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
: k5 r4 O/ K1 R/ f 他拉了一阵肚子。 9 a8 y. } T( d" ~( U6 r, t
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) - q D! \" ] w# }4 l, W2 C: G# A/ w
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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