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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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/ _- e1 @6 f' X* b3 P" [* { ]& g 一、厕所
9 Y4 C$ O; ]4 P& i7 f4 Y* ~4 H 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 4 G! m/ j9 V" i/ y- C* l+ }
6 w; f5 N, _9 O% V7 q: H) Q 二、解小便 $ r9 V7 w) S3 e9 T, h F. M3 O
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
' D7 c8 |: H d; u/ `% i1 z Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 8 m# a0 r! ^1 L8 v W: z3 a4 u1 C
! F m0 K3 g# c9 V) I 医生或许也会问: , Y1 R2 M, r; I6 u9 y
Do you have trouble urinating? ' y" h: ]5 X* L7 z7 f% @7 H
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 3 L' _' B7 P8 P E
' ^& G4 E$ B" Y5 |: b( w 此外,还有其他的说法:
; J2 L/ a+ ? M. z9 Y$ Q to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
5 c2 j. y7 y( _: I$ P9 H * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
5 \8 ]0 q, T; [7 P+ H6 Q * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
+ H# v/ `/ `/ z( S, O * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ' s7 Q) p* z) O ]
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
1 `: Q P3 p9 q7 ?: ` 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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5 t9 Y$ v2 E3 a+ Z0 W' f( y * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 1 H) T% n/ Q3 ]+ T. Y& P
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
3 l# a) N! o+ e, b4 c' I * The boy needs to pee. . t8 _# D% u% D0 N
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 1 o% o9 Q3 Q+ l. ]. N0 ~& ~: @
* Do I need a urine test? % |! a$ ^) `$ _- b; N( |& ?" h
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
L- R2 _" A$ U. d5 H * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ; }$ X) K( V" g. `
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) $ h* _' u% B4 k) r) a" r+ o; l
) {+ x# U; X& K# u 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: % D! e, ~9 E3 \ s4 b
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
& H+ X% `) ]( n& Z * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ' s9 z' b+ J' a/ _1 U# I. y
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
# m6 U- w* s1 w* t$ G$ F6 ` * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ) r# G" e) C/ @: z) O
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三、解大便 N* f' F/ y/ W% l5 V2 l
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 5 |* e# A! _- X. K
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) & o0 Q1 |' x! q) I
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
: ?* V; r$ [3 w. w7 t# G5 u" Y * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 0 I2 V7 g; ?. q' Y0 q# f
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
1 v+ ]4 k/ z5 W! R& Z0 g5 _( _ * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 9 y! C/ {$ y2 {
: }6 m9 r, z& e1 i 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
" I" M+ u" z) {+ w) k/ R9 q# H5 [3 h * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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: y; X& I1 W2 m+ J 四、放屁 6 |# I, @. E/ h7 ?/ V: P0 Z
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 0 W3 O$ ]. C0 {/ _
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
7 n9 [: s- D/ k) {& F: W 你放屁的次数很多吗? 4 x C' [/ ]& T; o# Y% r5 X$ x1 p, @# F6 A
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 6 ~% U- |( j' m2 z
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
9 A6 K% X$ R A- S+ P' E% `9 K6 [4 N * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ; q/ ?7 C. D2 l6 d3 s" H% ^
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
0 i4 @0 A9 V7 s0 g" F * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* V; `7 h3 V/ ^ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 / S: \% i6 i& k% {' D" M
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
7 \6 A, h- ?2 }3 C 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 % e% C: ? ^' e6 Y* z- Q# S$ }
2 x8 N3 {" Y$ \ v9 v 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 1 y" h4 {* h, {0 x3 {
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
- Z' R2 _( {: P5 | = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 2 C. e" \; O/ P1 f
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 6 B% [: f2 r0 O' j5 v) z
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
, D b6 i: H" q% ?6 \ * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) / r7 ]/ B; s: J
他经常便秘。) 或 " b% a- G. [, B
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 4 D) M) D: G# o. q$ R- @3 G
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 0 G! p( \* F# v( c3 @
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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" {( h$ V( \ `9 y/ Q0 G. y * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 8 o+ H/ b; ~( y' ^: d
他拉了一阵肚子。
' E3 o: M: c& B. j, K * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ) X& ]0 }$ ~4 A1 {/ k" Z
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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