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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ) `/ q. |# i, { z1 P8 P. m
3 E) D n1 n7 B 一、厕所
3 B$ ?) X) d' Y1 d3 o 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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8 C" w( V+ B q! }8 L+ C* U. I 二、解小便 4 Q% y! ]' Q$ ], o0 t' T3 d7 C
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
: Q3 s& m5 ?, ^) R, _9 _ Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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+ ?3 d6 i( Y% w4 ~ E; p1 z 医生或许也会问:
" p. s2 J; W! [8 P. D ] Do you have trouble urinating? " ]/ j3 `0 U5 ?+ \
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) & M# Y) B2 Y6 d4 Q% }- o. u' q+ ^4 l
5 f+ G$ y+ }$ N- k 此外,还有其他的说法: B5 K: c: z1 K) l6 O& Y
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: # P8 V+ z+ }! R
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. * R9 g% f2 S7 M" \
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) - O1 O4 |& C3 B$ |. w* y
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 7 k) }. S+ t6 f3 |) o( V$ z/ Y5 b
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
u/ H `, C' S( k# [+ a 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ! h% c K" _6 d% [* `. J7 R
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
9 V1 g- e( P& g$ b 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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! h* h- Q1 k+ W# U9 }1 S" H' r8 p * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. - _2 A8 I* b) ]# E/ R, F
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 : g$ }6 t; S1 H, M" a, j
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
/ X8 o4 d. l# L9 |: Q * The boy needs to pee. . D8 f) C# _5 h5 a0 q/ c
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
' u. o; {5 E; u* o) J0 X5 x. c * Do I need a urine test?
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' r0 K* a9 j$ F1 M" @0 I6 B 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
8 F. P) \; F: T; K3 E * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
+ S. }& q7 s& N1 P' k; D * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ) Y$ V# ?. \0 ^, U* C% Q$ B, C: K# h
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: - p4 j/ D6 q7 A( D% D4 E
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) * ?& |* u9 _' i' R& m' c) ]2 B( t
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 5 f# ^# G& G0 {- f: m3 R* I; Q
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) , A' H4 @) E# k, `
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) , T3 ]5 {+ y. J0 ^6 Y* s/ Y% h
3 W# [2 t, |- L& j* ` 三、解大便
" O( u/ E5 ~8 N 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
: t4 A2 M( X3 o to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 5 W' L/ {, l) R# k8 v) F, d
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ; h! M+ Q/ @' B. [8 \/ G: D4 G
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
) q3 m; \; t9 w) ^+ G3 s * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
+ Y t. u0 Z8 K: v * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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% F% u, v3 I/ a 四、放屁 4 ?. _- m% }- s4 G! G/ y' U8 V
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: $ @; s% E" k. f' P0 m8 X9 H: L. g
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? , o) v L/ P6 o# V
你放屁的次数很多吗? " |' x7 z0 }9 K0 p
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
/ H# e/ E% t" M) } 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 `/ [! }4 n/ l j4 R# P
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. , V+ `$ y+ M7 w$ [
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 / g8 F. T. S1 `$ P" x1 {
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. & X6 @) B4 m( J6 O4 A
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
2 R# q% L) D" `( C$ Y * Be careful not to fart in the public. * W7 m& L, a. m& j$ I
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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- q' y" |# ^4 A; b, j# K, A 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 4 P ?0 H' A9 |* K& |( z
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
, z* z; _- l7 h( S2 m = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
8 A+ M# L3 q* |5 E" I 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) % X. A) C8 U4 P! q) m* y
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
2 X# D+ x3 ]3 f8 ?( A9 C# i, o 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
1 x" ^' [! V# B" x * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
9 P7 _9 U* }; |0 B: B9 X 他经常便秘。) 或 ( g. ^7 ^/ g9 s! t
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 9 g: K& J" Z$ }6 V2 v$ H
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
/ s, [- J2 M# E7 W! \$ d+ Y * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* u9 d& E* E+ `3 a1 B3 u * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
9 F+ | ]8 V- W1 s9 c 他拉了一阵肚子。 2 k- B) Z( J# {) o' |
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 5 b8 y, x( p7 |% e0 j: r
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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